Objective To investigate the biological activity of cytokine-induced killer(CIK)cells in vitro.Methods Lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood in leukemic children were induced with interferon-?(IFN-?),anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody(CD3McAb)and interleukin-2(IL-2)and co-cultured with dendritic cells(DC)to generate DC-CIK cells.The morphology and immunophenotype of these cells were determined by electron microscopy and flow cytometry,respectively.Cytotoxicity of DC-CIK cells against leukemia cell lines was measured by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.Interleukin-12(IL-12),tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?)levels released by DC-CIK cells were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results Induced DC-CIK cells were regular,round and transparent with variable cell volume and cellular aggregation.At the 0th-4th day,its amplification was very slow,and it increased quickly at the 5th-8th day,it reached its peak amplification at the 9th-10th day,at approximately 100-fold.The main effector cells in this population were CD3+CD8+ cells and CD3+CD56+ cells.DC-CIK cells were cytotoxic to B95 cells,K562 cells and HL-60 cells,with the highest cytotoxicity towards B95 cells.The expression levels of IL-12 and TNF-? in supernatant were very high.Conclusions DC-CIK cells induced with cytokines displayed powerful amplification and strongly killing activities in vitro.It suggested that DC-CIK cells induced with cytokines may play killing activities through Th1 pathway in vitro,as a result of high secretion of Th1 cytokines,such as IL-12 and TNF-?.

BACKGROUND: Many data demonstrate that the components of soybean can lower blood lipid,suppress the growth of cancer cells and exert weak estrogenic activities. However,little is known about the effect of isolated soybean protein on the lifespan of the organism.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of isolated soybean protein on the lifespan of drosophila melanogasters and investigate the mechanism of effective anti-aging and anti-oxidation action.DESIGN: A controlled trial based on drosophila melanogasters.SETTING: Department of nutrition and food hygiene in a university.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,Public Health College of Xinjiang Medical University from March to June 2002. A total of 400 drosophila melanogasters of American wild type with half for each gender were provided by the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College of Xinjiang Medical University.METHODS: The 400 drosophila melanogasters were divided into control group(normal culture) and three-dosage experiment groups(normal culture contained isolated soybean protein 0.2%,1.0% and 5.0%,respectively).From the second day on, the number of living and dead drosophila melanogasters was observed and counted until all died. Meanwhile, mean lifespan,half death time and maximal lifespan were calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURFS: Mean lifespan, half death time and maximal lifespan of the drosophila melanogasters.RESULTS: Compared with that of control group, the lifespan of male and female drosophila melanogasters in experiment groups was prolonged by isolated soybean protein and responded in a dose-dependent manner,especially in high-dosage group. The mean lifespan, half death time and maximal lifespan of both female and male drosophila melanogasters were prolonged by 24.5% and20.7%,27.1% and22.0%,and 13.9% and 10.6%,respectively.CONCLUSION: Isolated soybean protein may have anti-aging and lifespan-prolonging effects on drosophila melanogasters.

This paper was to study the angiogenic inhibitory effect and the potential antitumor effect of the constructed recombinant DNA vaccine CRT/HPV6bE7 in vivo. The C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated respectively with recombinant CRT/HPV6bE7 DNA plamids. The inhibitory effects on angiogenesis of generated vaccines in vivo were evaluated by a bFGF-induced angiogenesis assay using the Matrigel kit. To investigate the potential antitumor effect, the mean tumor weights, sizes and tumor appearing times were measured in C57BL/6 mice treated with HPV6bE7-expressing B16 cells. The results indicated that the recombinants CRT180/HPV6bE7 and CRT180 showed strong anti-angiogenic effects in bFGF-induced angiogenesis in vivo. Moreover, CRT180/HPV6bE7 and CRT180 DNA vaccines could significantly inhibit the tumor growth in tumor challenge experiment, and CRT180/HPV6bE7 was superior to other vaccines in delaying tumor formation time, limiting tumor size and weight in tumor protection experiment. In conclusion, recombinant CRT180/HPV6bE7 DNA could elicit a most efficient anti-angiogenic effect and inhibit tumor growth in mice inoculated with DNA vaccines. The antiangiogenic activity of CRT were suggested residing in a domain between CRT 120-180 aa.
Animals ; Calreticulin ; genetics ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; prevention & control ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; Papillomavirus Infections ; therapy ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; Vaccines, DNA ; immunology

This study aimed to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of the Wuhan lockdown measure on controlling the spread of coronavirus diesase 2019 (COVID-19). : Firstly，estimate the daily new infection rate in Wuhan before January 23，2020 when the city went into lockdown by consulting the data of Wuhan population mobility and the number of cases imported from Wuhan in 217 cities of Mainland China. Then estimate what the daily new infection rate would have been in Wuhan from January 24 to January 30th if the lockdown measure had been delayed for 7 days，assuming that the daily new infection in Wuhan after January 23 increased in a high，moderate and low trend respectively (using exponential, linear and logarithm growth models). Based on that，calculate the number of infection cases imported from Wuhan during this period. Finally，predict the possible impact of 7-day delayed lockdown in Wuhan on the epidemic situation in China using the susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) model. : The daily new infection rate in Wuhan was estimated to be 0.021%，0.026%，0.029%，0.033% and 0.070% respectively from January 19 to January 23. And there were at least 20 066 infection cases in Wuhan by January 23，2020. If Wuhan lockdown measure had been delayed for 7 days，the daily new infection rate on January 30 would have been 0.335% in the exponential growth model，0.129% in the linear growth model，and 0.070% in the logarithm growth model. Correspondingly，there would have been 32 075，24 819 and 20 334 infection cases travelling from Wuhan to other areas of Mainland China，and the number of cumulative confirmed cases as of March 19 in Mainland China would have been 3.3-3.9 times of the officially reported number. Conclusions: Timely taking city-level lockdown measure in Wuhan in the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak is essential in containing the spread of the disease in China.
COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology* ; Cities ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2

OBJECTIVE: To assess the lower tear meniscus height (LTMH), central tear film thickness (CTFT), and central corneal epithelial thickness (CCET) after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 20 patients who had DALK in one eye over a three-month period. LTMH, CTFT, and CCET of the operated eyes and the unoperated fellow eyes were measured using high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT). Correlations between three OCT assessments and age, time following surgery, graft size, bed size, and the number of residual sutures were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared to patients with keratoconus, patients with other corneal conditions had significantly higher CCET in the fellow eye (P=0.024). For all patients, CCET in the operated eye was significantly negatively correlated with the number of residual sutures (R=-0.579, P=0.008), and was significantly positively correlated with time following surgery (R=0.636, P=0.003). In the fellow eye, a significant positive correlation was found between age and CCET (R=0.551, P=0.012), and a significant negative correlation between age and CTFT (R=-0.491, P=0.028). LTMH was found to be significantly correlated between operated and fellow eyes (R=0.554, P=0.011). There was no significant correlation between LTMH and age, bed/graft size, time following surgery, or residual sutures (all possible correlations, P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with keratoconus tend to have a thinner central corneal epithelium. Corneal epithelium keeps regenerating over time after DALK. DALK did not induce a significant change in tear volume compared with the fellow eye. Postoperative tear function might depend on an individual's general condition, rather than on age, gender, bed/graft size, time following surgery, or residual sutures.
Adult ; Corneal Transplantation ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epithelium, Corneal/pathology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tears ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of corneal thickness distribution and apex position on postoperative refractive status after full-bed deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (FBDALK). METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who were diagnosed with advanced keratoconus between 2011 and 2014 in our hospital. The base of the cone in all patients did not exceed the central cornea at a 6-mm range. The FBDALK was performed by a same surgeon. All patients had a complete corneal suture removal and the follow-up records were intact. Patients who had graft-bed misalignment or who were complicated with a cataract or glaucoma were excluded. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and Pentacam examination data were recorded at two years postoperatively. The recorded data included the superior-inferior (S-I) and nasal-temporal (N-T) corneal thickness differences in 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm diameter concentric circles with the corneal apex as the center (S-I_{2 mm}, S-I_{4 mm}, S-I_{6 mm}, S-I_{8 mm}, N-T_{2 mm}, N-T_{4 mm}, N-T_{6 mm}, and N-T_{8 mm}), the linear, X-axis, and Y-axis distance between the corneal pupillary center and the cornea apex, total corneal astigmatism at a zone of 3 mm diameter from the corneal apex (TA_{3 mm}), the astigmatic vector values J₀ and J₄₅, and the corneal total higher-order aberration for 3 and 6 mm pupil diameters (HOA_{3 mm} and HOA_{6 mm}). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 15.0. RESULTS: A total of 47 eyes of 46 patients met the criteria and were included in this study. The mean follow-up time was (28±7) months. The mean UCVA was 0.45±0.23 (logMAR) (MAR: minimum angle of resolution) and the mean BSCVA was 0.19±0.15 (logMAR), which were all significantly positively correlated with postoperative TA_{3 mm} and HOA_{3 mm}. The mean S-I corneal thickness differences were (44.62±37.74) μm, and the mean N-T was (38.57±32.29) μm. S-I_{2 mm} was significantly positively correlated with J₀ (r=0.31), J₄₅ (r=0.42), HOA_{3 mm} (r=0.37), and HOA_{6 mm} (r=0.48). S-I_{4 mm} and S-I_{8 mm} were significantly positively correlated with HOA_{3 mm} (r=0.30, r=0.40) and HOA_{6 mm} (r=0.46, r=0.35). The X-axis distance between corneal pupillary center and corneal apex was significantly positively correlated with J₄₅ (r=0.29). CONCLUSIONS In patients with advanced keratoconus after FBDALK, the unevenly distributed thickness at corneal pupillary area and the misalignment of corneal apex and pupillary center might cause significant regular and irregular astigmatism, which affected the postoperative visual quality.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cornea/surgery* ; Corneal Transplantation/methods* ; Cryopreservation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratoconus/diagnosis* ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating/methods* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of eyelid margin cleaning using Deep Cleaning Device for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction-associated dry eye. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, open-label, investigator-masked, and self-controlled study. We randomly assigned one eye of patients with meibomian gland dysfunction-associated dry eye to the treatment group, and the other eye to the control group. Both groups received artificial tears and lid warming; the treatment group received an additional one-time in-office eyelid margin cleaning using Deep Cleaning Device. Non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH) of each eye, and Standard Patient Evaluation for Eye Dryness II (SPEED II) score of each patient were evaluated before and at one week after treatment. RESULTS: Thirty eyes of 15 patients were enrolled. No adverse effects occurred during the treatment. Compared with the baseline values, the SPEED score decreased significantly at one week after treatment (mean±95% confidence interval, 11.00±0.99 vs. 5.67±1.67, P<0.0001), the NITBUT-first in the treatment group increased significantly at one week after treatment ((4.74±1.27) s vs. (7.49±2.22) s, P=0.01). The NITBUT-first was significantly longer in the treatment group ((7.49±2.22) s) than in the control group ((5.17±0.91) s) at one week after treatment (P=0.042). No significant differences were found in other tear film parameters between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Eyelid margin cleaning using the novel Deep Cleaning Device is a convenient, effective, and safe treatment for patients with meibomian gland dysfunction-associated dry eye.
Adult ; Aged ; Dry Eye Syndromes/therapy* ; Eyelids/physiopathology* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Male ; Meibomian Gland Dysfunction/therapy* ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Tears

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prognostic factors of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNEN).

METHODSClinical data of 61 patients with PNEN from March 1992 to December 2012 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 23 male and 38 female patients, with a median age of 52 years (ranged from 22 to 68 years). Forty-one patients were non-functional tumors, and 20 patients were functional tumors. Fifty-nine patients received operation, 13 (22.0%) patients underwent laparoscopic operation, 2 patients underwent puncture biopsy under CT guidance. Survival was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTSAmong these patients, 53 (86.9%) patients underwent curative resection. The cases of grade G1, G2, G3 were 41 (67.2%), 9 (14.8%), 11 (18.0%), respectively. The cases of stageI, II, III, IV were 47 (77.0%), 7 (11.5%), 2 (3.3%), 5 (8.2%), respectively. Liver metastasis, neural invasion were found in 5 cases (8.2%), 5 cases (8.2%), respectively. The median follow-up period was 40 months (ranged from 3 to 209 months). The overall 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 92.0%, 89.7%, 86.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed WHO classification (χ(2) = 18.503), TNM staging system (χ(2) = 23.401), liver metastasis (χ(2) = 18.606), neural invasion (χ(2) = 10.091), resection status (χ(2) = 25.514) were prognostic factors of PNEN (all P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSSurgical resection in PNEN results in long-term survival. WHO classification, TNM staging, resection status are effective in predicting the prognosis of PNEN. Liver metastasis, neural invasion predicted poor prognosis.

Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo compare the safety and efficacy of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) with laparoscopic assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for gastric cancer by meta-analysis.

METHODSThe literature on comparative studies of TLDG and LADG up to June 2014 were extensively retrieved from database PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Biosis Previews. The operation time, blood loss, time to flatus, time to first oral intake, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative morbidity, times of analgestic requirement, pain score, and the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) on postoperative day 1 and 7 were analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.1 software.

RESULTSSeven studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. A total of 1783 Patients were included for meta-analysis, among whom 727 cases underwent TLDG and 1056 underwent LADG. Comparing with LADG, TLDG experienced less blood loss [weighted mean difference (WMD)=22.86 ml，95% confidence interval (CI): 12.0-33.72, P<0.01)], less times of analgesic requirement (WMD=0.58, 95% CI: 0.35-0.81, P< 0.01)，less pain score on postoperative day 1 and day 3 (day1: WMD=0.60, 95% CI: 0.20-0.99, P < 0.01; day3: WMD=0.36, 95% CI: 0.24-0.48, P < 0.01), earlier beginning to take diet (WMD=0.66, 95% CI: 0.13-1.19, P=0.01). The operation time, postoperative hospital stay, overall morbidity and anastomosis-related morbidity, and the level of CRP on postoperative day 1 and 7 were similar between two groups (Ps>0.05).

CONCLUSIONTLDG is a safe and feasible procedure with less blood loss, less pain, and quicker recovery than those of LADG.

Aged ; C-Reactive Protein ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Length of Stay ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect of laparoscopic radical resection of colon cancer.

METHODSPatients with colon cancer who underwent radical resection during January 2000 to January 2004 in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (Medical College of Zhejiang University) were divided into open and laparoscopic groups for a non-randomized case-control study. All the patients were followed up and their clinical and pathological results were compared.

RESULTSNo difference was seen between the two groups on the patients' age, gender, lymph node numbers and Dukes staging. The laparoscopic group had a longer mean operation time [(182 +/- 62) min vs (141 +/- 37) min] and shorter hospital stay [(5.3 +/- 1.9) d vs (8.2 +/- 1.2) d] than the open group. All surgical margins were pathological negative. Post-operation follow up was 12-18 months (mean 21 months). No incision recurrence was found in neither group. As far the local recurrence and distal metastasis rate were similar in both groups.

CONCLUSIONSLaparoscopic radical resection of colon cancer has minimal invasion and shorter recuperation than open procedure, the radicalness and either local recurrence or distal metastasis rate after surgery are similar when compared with open group.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Colectomy ; methods ; Colonic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome