The parts of system automatically detecting the standard 12-synchronous-lead ECG (electrocardiograms) signal based on personal computer is introduced in this paper. The object-oriented programming method is adopted based on Windows System. We put forward methods to analyze QRS complex wave, P wave, T wave and ST fragment. In this paper the techniques such as ECG signal preprocessing, cardio wave parameters detecting and wave pattern cognizing are discussed too. Furthermore we use wavelet transform technique to analyze the wave pattern and get sound effect.
Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software

Objective: The construct a pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS) for changing configuration of intravenous drugs from decentralized configuration to centralized allocation supply so as to guarantee the safety of clinical drugs of hospital. Methods: Through constructed PIVAS, adopted purified air-condition system and established fluid-layers room of different grade to achieve sterile environment for configuration of intravenous drugs. And the centralized allocation should be implemented as the characteristics of different drugs. Results: The PIVAS could reduce the waste of drugs and decrease their cost. At the same time, it guaranteed the safety of clinical medication of hospital on the bases of enhancing work efficiency of clinical nurse and reasonably resolving allocation of human resources. Conclusion: The PIVAS that changes the configuration of intravenous drugs from decentralized configuration to centralized allocation supply can positively and effectively promote the safety of clinical medication and increase work efficiency of nursing and care.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of post-discharge formula (PDF) for preterm infants, breast milk (BM) and term infant formula (TF) on increase rates of body weight, length and head circumference in preterm and low-birth-weight infants (PLBWIs) from discharge to 3 months after birth, and to provide a reference for the choice of feeding pattern for PLBWIs.

METHODSA total of 407 PLBWIs discharged from the newborn departments of ten hospitals in Guangzhou City and Foshan City in Guangdong Province, China were chosen for this study. According to feeding pattern, they were assigned to three groups: PDF-fed (n=258), BM-fed (n=58) and TF-fed (n=91). Their body weight, length and head circumference were measured at 3 months after birth, and the increase rates of growth indices relative to baseline values (at birth) were calculated and compared.

RESULTSAt 3 months after birth, the PDF-fed group had significantly greater body weight, length and head circumference than the BM-fed and TF-fed groups (P<0.05). The increase rates of body weight and length were significantly higher in the PDF-fed group than in the BM-fed and TF-fed groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCompared with those fed with BM and TF after discharge, the PDF-fed PLBWIs have higher increase rates of body weight and length and show greater body weight and length at 3 months after birth. However, further study is needed to investigate the long-term effects.

Body Height ; Body Weight ; Breast Feeding ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; growth & development ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; growth & development ; Male

Objeetive As to the high incidence of arteriovenous fistula(AVF) stenosis,surgical operation will result in the exhaustion of vascular resources in patients,while percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA) can maintain vascular resources for ostomy.However,there is still no clear definition between the choices of PTA and surgical resection.The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of PTA and surgical resection followed by reconstruction for the treatment of arteriovenous fistula stenosis in order to find appropriate treatment.Methods Retrospective analysis had been done on 46 hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula stenosis in Nanjing BenQ hospital from January 2015 to March 2017,which included 22 cases treated with PTA (PTA group) and 24 cases treated with surgical operation (operation group).Comparison was made in general clinical situation,patency rate at six months after surgery,over patency time and adverse reactions to surgery between the two groups.Results The number of stenoses in PTA group was bigger than that in operation group and the difference was of statistic significance (2.78±1.43 vs 1.67±0.71,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in patency rate between the two groups (P =0.828).There were 57 venous stenoses in PTA group,among which 12 stenoses were anastomotic (21.05％) with 79.3％ average stenosis degree and 43 stenoses were at venous outflow tract of fistula (75.44％) with 84.26 average stenosis degree.In PTA group,3 patients had hematoma brachial puncture position and recovered by self-absorption without special treatment.In operation group,1 patient had mild blood oozing and recovered after treatment;4 patients recovered gradually from mild swelling on the back of the hand of the operation side.No difference was found in adverse reactions between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion PTA treatment is preferred for multiple stenoses(n ≥ 3),which ensures better preservation of vascular resources at a comparable patency rate.

BACKGROUNDWhether final kissing balloon (FKB) dilatation after one-stent implantation at left-main (LM) bifurcation site remains unclear. Therefore, this large sample and long-term follow-up study comparatively assessed the impact of FKB in patients with unprotected LM disease treated with one-stent strategy.

METHODSTotal 1528 consecutive patients underwent LM percutaneous coronary intervention in one center from January 2004 to December 2010 were enrolled; among them, 790 patients treated with one drug-eluting stent crossover LM to left anterior descending (LAD) with FKB (n = 230) or no FKB (n = 560) were comparatively analyzed. Primary outcome was the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events, defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI) and target vessel revascularization (TVR).

RESULTSOverall, The prevalence of true bifurcation lesions, which included Medina classification (1,1,1), (1,0,1), or (0,1,1), was similar between-groups (non-FKB: 37.0% vs. FKB: 39.6%, P = 0.49). At mean 4 years follow-up, rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (non-FKB: 10.0% vs. FKB: 7.8%, P = 0.33), death, MI and TVR were not significantly different between-groups. In multivariate propensity-matched regression analysis, FKB was not an independent predictor of adverse outcomes.

CONCLUSIONSFor patients treated with one-stent crossover LM to LAD, clinical outcomes appear similar between FKB and non-FKB strategy.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDAmong patients with advanced multivessel coronary disease, left ventricular (LV) function is widely variable, and clinical and angiographic correlates of ventricular dysfunction remain to be defined.

METHODSAmong 73 339 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization at a single center in China, patients with left ventriculographic assessment were identified with three-vessel coronary disease with or without left main involvement. Clinical and angiographic characteristics were examined among patients with normal or varying extent of LV dysfunction, and predictors of LV impairment (ejection fraction (EF): < 25%, 25% - 40% or > 40%) were determined.

RESULTSAmong 11 950 patients identified with three-vessel coronary disease, the sample distribution of LVEF was > 40%, n = 10 776; 25% - 40%, n = 948; < 25%, n = 226. Patients with reduced LV function (< 40%) more commonly were male and had a history of myocardial infarction (MI), diabetes or unstable angina. Hypertension was more frequent in those with LVEF ≥ 40%. In a multivariate Logistic regression analysis, prior MI (odds ratio (OR), 3.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.96 - 3.84) was most predictive of LVEF < 40%, followed by male gender, diabetes, and presentation with unstable angina. For LVEF < 25%, only prior MI was identified as a significant correlate of severe LV dysfunction (OR 4.06, 95%CI 3.06 - 5.39). Following exclusion of patients with previous MI (n = 7416), male gender and diabetes were predictive of LVEF < 40%, yet presentation with unstable angina was the only factor significantly associated with LVEF < 25%.

CONCLUSIONAmong individuals identified with three-vessel coronary disease with or without left main involvement, previous MI was the most significant risk factor of LV dysfunction.

Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; pathology ; physiopathology

BACKGROUNDPatients with multivessel coronary artery disease and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) represent a high risk group of patients for coronary revascularization. There are limited data on percutaneous coronary intervention treatment in this population.

METHODSAmong a cohort of 4335 patients with three-vessel disease with or without left main disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, 191 patients had LVEF < 40% (low ejection fraction (EF)) and 4144 patients had LVEF ≥ 40%. In-hospital and long-term outcomes were examined according to LVEF.

RESULTSThe estimated two-year rates of major adverse cardiac events, cardiac death, and myocardial infarction were significantly higher in the low EF group (19.64% vs. 8.73%, Log-rank test: P < 0.01; 10.30% vs. 1.33%, Log-rank test: P < 0.01, and 10.32% vs. 2.28%, Log-rank test: P < 0.01 respectively), but there was no difference in the rates of target vessel revascularization (6.18% vs. 6.11%, Log-rank test: P = 0.96). Using the Cox proportional hazard models, LVEF < 40% was a significant risk factor for cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and major adverse cardiac events (OR (95%CI): 4.779 (2.369 - 9.637), 2.673 (1.353 - 5.282), and 1.827 (1.187 - 2.813) respectively), but was not a statistically significant risk factor for target vessel revascularization (OR (95%CI): 1.094 (0.558 - 2.147)).

CONCLUSIONAmong patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for multivessel coronary artery disease, left ventricular dysfunction remains associated with further risk of cardiac death in-hospital and during long-term follow-up.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Disease ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Function, Left ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical and angiographic outcome in patients with total occlusion lesion treated with drug-eluting stent (DES) or bare-metal stent (BMS).

METHODSA total of 155 (138 males) consecutive patients with total occlusion lesion underwent successful revascularization with DES (n = 74) or BMS (n = 81) in our hospital were included in this study. All patients received aspirin 300 mg and clopidogrel 75 mg once daily for at least 3 months after the procedure. Clinical and angiographic follow-up were completed in all patients at 6 months post stenting.

RESULTSDemographic data between the two groups were similar except there was more diabetic patients in DES group (33.8% vs. 18.5%, P < 0.05). A total of 232 stents for 159 target lesions (77 treated with DES, 82 treated with BMS) were implanted. There were 85.4% C ACC/AHA type lesions and 17.0% lesions were treated with overlapping stents. Six months post stenting, the incidence of restenosis (15.6% vs. 41.5%, P < 0.001), the cumulative rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (1.4% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.032) and TLR (5.8% vs. 19.9%, P = 0.001) were significantly lower in DES group than that of BMS group. The incidence of local restenosis in DES group is higher in DES group than that in BMS group (58.3%, 17.6%, P < 0.001). Two DES treated patients developed late in-stent thrombosis.

CONCLUSIONFor patients with total occlusion lesion, the clinical and angiographic outcome 6 months post DES stenting is clearly superior to that of BMS stenting.

Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Stents

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease ; therapy ; Coronary Restenosis ; prevention & control ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Metals ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents

BACKGROUNDCoronary artery disease (CAD) is generally considered as a disease of middle-aged men. It is widely accepted that the risk for CAD of premenopausal women is low because of hormone protection. Based on our clinical experience, more and more premenopausal women suffer from angina and myocardial infarction without adequate concern. Even now, there are still limited detailed data to describe the characteristics, mechanism and prognosis of premenopausal CAD patients. This article aimed to analyze the clinical and angiographic characteristics of premenopausal women with CAD.

METHODSA total of 565 premenopausal women and 721 postmenopausal women (56 - 60 years old) who underwent coronary angiography for the first time from April 2004 to December 2007 were enrolled. The clinical data and coronary angiographic characteristics (presence, localization, length and severity) were compared between the premenopausal and postmenopausal CAD groups.

RESULTSPremenopausal CAD patients presented less frequently with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia compared with postmenopausal CAD patients (55.0% vs 66.0%, 15.0% vs 31.5%, 23.9% vs 37.4%, respectively; all P < 0.05). Although we found more frequent involvement of single vessel in premenopausal CAD (43.2% vs 26.9%, P = 0), and triple vessels in postmenopausal (56 - 60 years old) CAD patients (33.8% vs 20.4%, P = 0), much more severe lesions (> or = 90%) at left main (2.9% vs 1.1%, P = 0.048) and proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) (28.2% vs 16.6%, P = 0) in the premenopausal CAD group were found.

CONCLUSIONPremenopausal women with chest discomfort are always found to have obvious atherosclerosis, more inclined to be located at the left main and proximal LAD, which is a strong predictor of an adverse clinical outcome.

Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; pathology ; Dyslipidemias ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause ; Premenopause