Objective To establish a new processing method for gait data on Matlab to evaluate the hindlimbs behavior of non-human primates. Methods Gait analysis was tested on three rhesus monkeys 6 weeks after spinal cord injury, and kinematics data of hindlimbs were obtained using the VICON system. The raw data of kinematics were filtered and extracted, which were achieved through VICON 3D motion capture system with the Excel link combining Matlab with Microsoft Excel, and calculated in the Matlab environment. Results The kinematic parameters such as step length, step height, knee joint angle, and malleolus joint angle were gained by calculating. The mean values of step length (F=2.869, P=0.088) and step height (F=1.148, P=0.344) showed no significant difference at three speeds, which implied a higher repeatability of the data model. Angle-time curve reflected the joint function and movement. This system initially described the foot gait trajectory which could be used in gait repetitive analysis, and also generated the gait 2D/3D trajectories of hindlimbs. Conclusion The implement of these functions makes the post-processing of data more flexible and open whitout VICON system, and the calculated parameters and space tracing of gait trajectory basically meet the need of hindlimb behavior evaluation for nonhuman primate.

Objective To establish an acute yunaconitine poisoning rat model with a single oral administration and to determine the contents of yunaconitine in rat tissues by UPLC-MS/MS method, then investigate the distribution of yunaconitine in rats. Method The rats were randomly divided into three groups and were intragastrically administered a single dose of 2.2mg/kg,1.1mg/kg,0.7mg/kg yunaconitine, respectively.. The rats were killed 2h later, the stomach tissue, intestine tissue, liver tissue, pancreas tissue, kidney tissue, lung tissue, spleen tissue, heart tissue, bladder tissue, testis tissue, brain tissue and heart blood samples were collected. The contents of yunaconitine in the biological materials were determined by UPLC-MS/MS method after the biological samples extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. Result A rat model of the yunaconitine poisoning was made with a single dose of 1.1mg/kg, the concentrations of yunaconitine displayed in the organs with the following order:stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, lung, spleen, heart, bladder, testis, heart blood and brain. Conclusion Yunaconitine was widely distributed in rats, especially the levels in the stomach, small intestine and liver were the highest. The conclusion provides a basis for the selection of test materials for the poisoning of Aconitum vilmorinianum Kom.

Objective To develop a portable,modular and multifunctional surgical instrument kit with intelligent recognition for disaster relief.Methods The surgical instrument kit had three variations for thorax and abdomen,limbs and cranium and brain,which was composed of a lip,partitions and drawers.A traceability code was pasted on each surgical instrument kit,and each instrument in the kit was equipped with a RF chip.Results The surgical instrument kit made the average time for operating table preparation and instrument arrangement and that for instrument counting both shortened effectively,and thus the efficiency of medical staffs were enhanced greatly.Conclusion The surgical instrument kit gains advantages in rational configuration and easy operation,and can be used for surgical operation in disaster conditions.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(2):113-117]

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the major causes of death and risk factors among male steelworkers in Beijing.

METHODSThe study included 5137 men from the cohort of Beijing Capital Steel and Iron Company. The baseline survey was performed in 1974, 1979 and 1980 and the final follow-up evaluation was made in 2001 with a mean follow-up of 20.8 years. Causes of death were coded according to the Ninth Revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). The mortality was calculated by person-years of follow-up and age-standardized according to the 2000 census data in China. Cox proportional-hazards models adjusting for risk factors were used to estimate the relative risk of death.

RESULTSThere is 760 deaths during follow-up. Age-standardized mortality from all causes was 643.0 per 100,000 person-years. The three leading causes of death were malignant neoplasms (mortality, 231.3 per 100,000 person-years), cerebrovascular diseases (mortality, 139.3 per 100,000 person-years) and heart diseases (mortality, 96.4 per 100,000 person-years). The multivariate-adjusted relative risk of death and the population attributable risk proportion for risk factors were as follow: cigarette smoking (95% CI, 1.174 to 1.765); hypertension (95% CI, 1.370 to 1.904) and hypercholesterolemia (95% CI, 1.057 to 1.537).

CONCLUSIONSOur study indicates that malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases and heart diseases were major causes of death among male steelworkers. Furthermore, cigarette smoking, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are leading preventable risk factors for death.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; mortality ; Cause of Death ; China ; epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Metallurgy ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; mortality ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; mortality

BACKGROUNDThe long term prognosis of unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenting is controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the immediate and long term outcomes of LMCA stenting in Chinese patients and to determine which factors affect the outcomes.

METHODSFrom May 1997 to March 2003, 224 patients in 23 hospitals underwent elective unprotected LMCA stenting with bare metal stents. Their clinical records were analysed to ascertain immediate and long term outcomes of LMCA stenting as well as factors influencing the prognosis.

RESULTSStents were implanted into LMCA successfully in 223 cases (99.6 %). One death (0.5%) and one case of non-Q wave nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) occurred in hospital. The mean follow-up time was (15.6 +/- 12.3) months. Cardiac death developed in 10 cases (4.5%), noncardiac death in 2 cases (0.9%), nonfatal MI in 4 cases (1.8%), target lesion revascularization (TLR) of LMCA in 26 cases (11.7%) and TLR of nonLMCA in 37 cases (16.5%). Univariate analysis showed that cardiac death correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF < 40%), female gender and LMCA combined with multivessel disease; that major adverse cardiac events (MACE) correlated with LVEF < 40%, bifurcation lesion and incomplete revascularization. Logistic regression analysis revealed that LVEF < 40% and female gender were independent predictors of cardiac death and MACE. Follow-up angiography was performed in 102 cases (45.7%). The restenosis rate was 31.4%.

CONCLUSIONSLong-term outcomes of stenting for selected patients with unprotected LMCA stenosis is acceptable. It should be performed in inoperable or low risk patients with LVEF > or = 40% and isolated LMCA disease or LMCA combined with multivessel diseases in whom complete revascularization can be obtained.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease ; therapy ; Coronary Restenosis ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; virology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDSeveral platelet function tests are currently used to measure responsiveness to antiplatelet therapy. This study was to compare two tests, light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) and modified thrombelastography (mTEG), for predicting clinical outcomes in Chinese patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODSProspective, observational, single-center study of 789 Chinese patients undergoing PCI was enrolled. This study was investigated the correlations between the two tests and performed receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) at 1-year follow-up.

RESULTSMACEs occurred in 32 patients (4.1%). Correlations were well between the two tests in the adenosine diphosphate induced platelet reactivity (Spearman r = 0.733, P < 0.001). ROC-curve analysis demonstrated that LTA (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.677; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.643-0.710; P = 0.0009), and mTEG (AUC: 0.684; 95% CI: 0.650-0.716; P = 0.0001) had moderate ability to discriminate between patients with and without MACE. MACE occurred more frequently in patients with high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) when assessed by LTA (7.4% vs. 2.7%; P < 0.001), and by TEG (6.7% vs. 2.6%; P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that HPR based on the LTA and mTEG was associated with almost 3-fold increased risk of MACE at 1-year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSThe correlation between LTA and mTEG is relatively high in Chinese patients. HPR measured by LTA and mTEG were significantly associated with MACE in Chinese patients undergoing PCI.

Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; methods ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Ticlopidine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUNDThe CYP2C19 G681A single polymorphism has been proven to affect clopidogrel responsiveness. However, the effect of coexisting polymorphisms of other genes has not yet been reported in the Chinese population. This study investigated the effect of coexisting polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and P2Y12 on clopidogrel responsiveness and adverse clinical events in Chinese patients.

METHODSIn 577 Han Chinese patients undergoing stent placement because of acute coronary syndrome had platelet reactivity assessed by thromboelastography, and the CYP2C19 G681A and P2Y12 C34T polymorphisms were detected by the ligase detection reaction. Primary clinical endpoints included cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and stent thrombosis. The secondary clinical endpoints were thrombolysis in myocardial infarction bleeding. The follow-up period was 12 months.

RESULTSGenotyping revealed 194 carriers of the wild type GG genotype of CYP2C19 and the wild type CC genotype of P2Y12 (group 1), 102 carriers of the wild type GG genotype of CYP2C19 and the mutational T allele of P2Y12 (group 2), 163 carriers of the mutational A allele of CYP2C19 and the wild type CC genotype of P2Y12 (group 3), and 118 carriers of the mutational A allele of CYP2C19 and the mutational T allele of P2Y12 (group 4). Group 4 had the lowest ADP-inhibition (49.74 ± 32.61) and the highest prevalence of clopidogrel low response (29.7%) of the four groups. The rate of the composite of primary clinical endpoints increased more in group 4 (8.5%) than in the other three groups; the rate of composite primary endpoints in group 2 (2.9%) and group 3 (3.7%) were not significantly different than that of group 1 (1.5%).

CONCLUSIONCoexisting polymorphisms of different genes affected clopidogrel responsiveness and clinical outcome more than single polymorphism in Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Aged ; Alleles ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 ; Genotype ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 ; genetics ; Ticlopidine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVEThis study was sought to compare the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of (1) dual isotope simultaneous acquisition single-photon emission computed tomography (DISA SPECT) myocardial image with (99m)Tc-sestamibi/(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((99m)Tc-MIBI/(18)FDG); (2) low dose dobutamine alone and combined with Isosorbide Dinitrate (ISDN: Isoket) stress two dimensional echocardiography (2DE) to predict regional movement recovery after revascularization (CRV) in patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI) and severe left ventricular dysfunction.

METHODSTwenty-six patients (mean age 51 +/- 8 years, male 25, female 1) with OMI and severe left ventricular dysfunction (mean left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF (38.6% +/- 4.9%) underwent low dose dobutamine 10 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) (Dob10 microg) and ISDN (286 +/- 31 microg/min) combined with Dob5 microg (ISDN-Dob 5 microg) 2DE and DISA SPECT within one week. In echocardiogram and DISA SPECT images: the left ventricle (LV) was divided into 16 segments. The semi-quantitative scoring system was used for both images. Myocardial viability was defined as an improvement of at least >or= 1 grade in at least two contiguous segments at rest 2DE after CRV. The viable segments detecting rate with stress 2DE and DISA SPECT were compared. Compared with the results of post-CRV, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of detecting viable segments of two methods were calculated.

RESULTSAmong 272 abnormal segments in 26 patients, 156 (57.4%) segments showed contractile improvement after CRV. The viable segments detecting rate with DISA SPECT was 72.4% (134/254), which was significantly higher than the contractile improved rate after CRV (P < 0.001). During Dob10 microg 2DE and ISDN-Dob5 microg 2DE, the detecting rates were 65.5% (163/249) and 65.7% (176/268), respectively, which were both comparable to the improved rate after CRV (both P > 0.05). With DISA SPECT, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 93.7%, 55% and 76.8%, respectively. Compared with DISA SPECT, Dob10 microg 2DE showed similar sensitivity (88.6%), specificity (64.2%) and the accuracy (77.9%). When ISDN combined with Dob5 microg, the sensitivity (91.4%), specificity (68.1%) and accuracy (81.4%)were comparable to those of Dob10 microg 2DE and DISA SPECT (all P > 0.05), while the specificity was even higher than DISA SPECT (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn identifying myocardial viability in patients with OMI and severe left ventricular dysfunction, DISA SPECT has higher sensitivity, lower specificity and better accuracy. Dob10 microg and ISDN-Dob5 microg 2DE are both equivalent to DISA SPECT in sensitivities, specificities and accuracies, and even higher in specificity in ISDN-Dob5 microg 2DE.

Adult ; Dobutamine ; Echocardiography ; methods ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Isosorbide Dinitrate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnostic imaging ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; diagnostic imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; methods

BACKGROUNDAlthough thrombolytic therapy with rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a common treatment strategy for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), scant data are available on its efficacy relative to primary PCI, and comparison was therefore the aim of this study.

METHODSThis multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel trial was conducted in 12 hospitals on patients (age < or = 70 years) with STEMI who presented within 12 hours of symptom onset (mean interval > 3 hours). Patients were randomized to three groups: primary PCI group (n = 101); recombinant staphylokinase (r-Sak) group (n = 104); and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) group (n = 106). For all patients allocated to the thrombolytic therapy arm, coronary angiography was performed at 90 minutes after drug therapy to confirm infarct-related artery (IRA) patency; rescue PCI was performed in cases with TIMI flow grade < or = 2. Bare-metal stent implantation was planned for all patients.

RESULTSAfter randomization it required an average of 113.4 minutes to start thrombolytic therapy (door-to-needle time) and 141.2 minutes to perform first balloon inflation in the IRA (door to balloon time). Rates of IRA patency (TIMI flow grade 2 or 3) and TIMI flow grade 3 were significantly lower in the thrombolysis group at 90 minutes after drug therapy than in the primary PCI group at the end of the procedure (70.5% vs. 98.0%, P < 0.0001, and 53.0% vs. 85.9%, P < 0.0001, respectively). Rescue PCI with stenting was performed in 117 patients (55.7%) in the thrombolytic therapy arm. Rates of patency and TIMI flow grade 3 were still significantly lower in the rescue PCI than in the primary PCI group (88.9% vs. 97.9%, P = 0.0222, and 68.4% vs. 85.0%, P = 0.0190, respectively). At 30 days post-therapy, mortality rate was significantly higher in the thrombolysis combined with rescue PCI group than in primary PCI group (7.1% vs. 0, P = 0.0034). Rates of death/MI and bleeding complications were significantly higher in the thrombolysis with rescue PCI group than in the primary PCI group (10.0% vs. 1.0%, P = 0.0380, and 28.10% vs. 8.91%, P = 0.0001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSThrombolytic therapy with rescue PCI was associated with significantly lower rates of coronary patency and TIMI flow grade 3, but with significantly higher rates of mortality, death/MI and hemorrhagic complications at 30 days, as compared with primary PCI in this group of Chinese STEMI patients with late presentation and delayed treatments.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Angiography ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Thrombolytic Therapy