The parts of system automatically detecting the standard 12-synchronous-lead ECG (electrocardiograms) signal based on personal computer is introduced in this paper. The object-oriented programming method is adopted based on Windows System. We put forward methods to analyze QRS complex wave, P wave, T wave and ST fragment. In this paper the techniques such as ECG signal preprocessing, cardio wave parameters detecting and wave pattern cognizing are discussed too. Furthermore we use wavelet transform technique to analyze the wave pattern and get sound effect.
Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software

PEG-modified magnetic Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-PEG) nanoparticles were sythesized using a solvothermal reaction and characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The photothermal effect and photothermal destruction of cancer cells were evaluated. Then the doxorubicin loaded Fe3O4-PEG (DOX-Fe3O4-PEG) nanoparticles were prepared. The cytotoxicity and combined chemotherapy/photothermal therapy (PTT) effect were investigated. Uniform PEG coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles with particle size of 155 nm were obtained in the experiment. The loading and release of doxorubicin on Fe3O4-PEG were pH-dependent. The drug loading capacity in water was 21%. The results of MTT indicated a good biocompatiblity of Fe3O4-PEG nanoparticles and high cytotoxicity of DOX-Fe3O4-PEG. In combined therapy experiment, photothermal therapy demonstrated unambiguously enhanced chemotherapy efficacy. In conclusion, the obtained Fe3O4-PEG nanoparticles which exhibit good photothermal effect and drug loading capacity can be used for chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. The synergetic anti-tumor activity indicates the potential for the combined application of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy in cancer treatment.
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Drug Carriers ; Ferrosoferric Oxide ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; MCF-7 Cells ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the management for blunt abdominal trauma victims with probable positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) findings.

METHODSData of 76 patients with probable positive DPL findings accepted to ICU in previous 10 years were reviewed. After admission, the patients were evaluated in a settled time according to the protocols of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS). Vital signs were continuously monitored and DPL, ultrasound and/or CT scan were repeated when necessary.

RESULTSEighteen (24%) of 76 patients presented positive DPL findings after repeated DPL. Surgical findings confirmed 7 cases of spleen rupture, 3 hepatorrhexis (infra-Glisson capsule), 4 intestinal perforation, 2 gastric perforation, 1 colon perforation and 1 injured mesentery.

CONCLUSIONSPatients with probable positive DPL findings were admitted to ICU with vital signs continuously monitored. Repeated DPL with supplemental ultrasound and/or CT scan can work together to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the diagnosis, reduce the rate of exploratory laparotomy, ensure patients' safety and provide a reliable basis for therapeutic operations.

Abdominal Injuries ; diagnosis ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Lavage ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical outcome between the two different approaches of improved lateral incision and the traditional L-shaped extension incision to treat intra-articular calcaneal fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to January 2008, 36 cases of intra-articular calcaneal fractures were treated by improved lateral incision or the traditional L-shaped extension incision. In improved lateral incision group, there were 19 cases including 12 males and 7 females with an average age of (38.1 +/- 9.1) years; According to Sanders classification: 8 cases were type II, 9 were type III, 2 were type IV; The time from injury to the operation was (10.5 +/- 1.7) days. In the traditional L-shaped extension incision group,there were 17 cases including 11 males and 6 females with an average age of (38.4 +/- 7.3) years; according to Sanders classification of fractures: 7 cases were type II, 9 were type III, 1 was type IV; The time from injury to the operation was (10.6 +/- 1.8) days. Observing and comparing some items of the two groups including (1) operation time, blood loss, incision length, number of graft cases, (2) VAS pain scores after the first day, (3) wound healing, (4) Maryland foot scoring, (5) postoperative imaging results were comparative analyzed.

RESULTSTwo groups of patients were followed up from 10 to 15 months with an average of 11 months. The operative time and number of graft cases were compared between two groups with no statistically significant differences. The blood loss were (94.0 +/- 9.5) ml in improved lateral incision group and (109.9 +/- 13.7) ml in L-shaped extension incision group, incision length were (6.8 +/- 1.1) cm in improved lateral incision group and (15.7 +/- 2.2) cm in L-shaped extension incision group with significant differences. Postoperative VAS pain score at the first day were (1.95 +/- 0.71) points in improved lateral incision group and (3.65 +/- 1.00) points in L-shaped incision group with significant difference. In improved lateral incision group there was 1 case of grade B wound healing, and in the traditional L-shaped extension incision group, there were 6 cases of grade B wound healing, these patients were healing by protensive time for change dress.

CONCLUSIONThese two incision of improved lateral incision and the traditional L-shaped extension incision for treating the intra-articular calcaneal fractures are therapeutic equivalence. However, improved lateral incision has advantage of small incision and operative wound, and fewer wound complications.

Adult ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Time Factors

BACKGROUNDLower fluence of 585-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser has been successfully used as a nonablative technique in the treatment of wrinkles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the pulsed dye laser (585 nm) on the production of collagen and the mRNA expression of collagen related gene in fibroblasts in vitro.

METHODSCultured fibroblasts were treated with a 585-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser (fluence 3 J/cm(2), 4 J/cm(2), spot size 7 mm, pulse duration 450 micros). The production of collagen and the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, SMAD7 and type I procollagen alpha1, alpha2 in fibroblasts were investigated by colorimetry or real time polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSThe production of collagen was significantly up-regulated after treatment with a 585-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser with a fluence of 3 J/cm(2) (P < 0.001). The mRNA expression of TGF-beta1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, SMAD7 and procollagen I was significantly up-regulated after treatment with a 585-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser with a fluence of 3 J/cm(2) (P < 0.001). No significant difference of mRNA expression of SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, SMAD7 and type I procollagen was found between controls and fibroblasts treated with pulsed dye laser with a fluence of 4 J/cm(2) (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSLower fluence (3 J/cm(2)) pulsed dye laser increased the collagen production in fibroblasts by up-regulating TGF-beta1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, SMAD7 and type I procollagen mRNA expression. These may be the reason it can be effectively used in the treatment of wrinkles.

Analysis of Variance ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Gene Expression ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Lasers ; Procollagen ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Smad2 Protein ; genetics ; Smad3 Protein ; genetics ; Smad4 Protein ; genetics ; Smad7 Protein ; genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of single-incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty (SILS-TEP) with self-made port for repairing of inguinal hernia.

METHODSSILS-TEP was performed in 7 inguinal hernia patients (9 sides) with conventional laparoscopic instruments and self-made port, which composed of a wound retractor, surgical gloves and 3 ordinary trocars. The clinical data and follow-up results of 7 cases were retrospectively collected and analyzed.

RESULTSThe self-made port was applied for SILS-TEP uneventfully without the need of additional ports in all 7 patients (9 inguinal hernias). The median operating time was 90. 0 (70-125) min, intraoperative blood loss was 10. 0 (5. 0-20. 0) mL and postoperative hospital stay was 2.0 (2. 0-4. 0) d. The median pain scores of visual analog scale (VAS) at 6 h,12 h, 24 h and 14 d were 3(2~4), 2(1~2), 1(0~2) and 0(0~1), respectively. There were no intraoperative complications reported, and all patients were satisfied with wound healing. No hernia recurrence was observed during the 3-months of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONOur initial experiences show that SILS-TEP with self-made port is a safe and feasible surgery, which can simplify the procedure with available equipments and reduce the cost, therefore can be applied in grass-root hospitals.

Hernia, Inguinal ; surgery ; Herniorrhaphy ; methods ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Length of Stay ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prognostic factors of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNEN).

METHODSClinical data of 61 patients with PNEN from March 1992 to December 2012 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 23 male and 38 female patients, with a median age of 52 years (ranged from 22 to 68 years). Forty-one patients were non-functional tumors, and 20 patients were functional tumors. Fifty-nine patients received operation, 13 (22.0%) patients underwent laparoscopic operation, 2 patients underwent puncture biopsy under CT guidance. Survival was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTSAmong these patients, 53 (86.9%) patients underwent curative resection. The cases of grade G1, G2, G3 were 41 (67.2%), 9 (14.8%), 11 (18.0%), respectively. The cases of stageI, II, III, IV were 47 (77.0%), 7 (11.5%), 2 (3.3%), 5 (8.2%), respectively. Liver metastasis, neural invasion were found in 5 cases (8.2%), 5 cases (8.2%), respectively. The median follow-up period was 40 months (ranged from 3 to 209 months). The overall 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 92.0%, 89.7%, 86.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed WHO classification (χ(2) = 18.503), TNM staging system (χ(2) = 23.401), liver metastasis (χ(2) = 18.606), neural invasion (χ(2) = 10.091), resection status (χ(2) = 25.514) were prognostic factors of PNEN (all P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSSurgical resection in PNEN results in long-term survival. WHO classification, TNM staging, resection status are effective in predicting the prognosis of PNEN. Liver metastasis, neural invasion predicted poor prognosis.

Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

Although methyltransferase has been recognized as a major element that governs the epigenetic regulation of the genome during temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients, its regulatory effect on glioblastoma chemoresistance has not been well defined. This study investigated whether DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) expression was associated with TMZ sensitivity in glioma cells and elucidated the underlying mechanism. DNMT expression was analyzed by western blotting. miR-20a promoter methylation was evaluated by methylation-specific PCR. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assays, respectively. The results showed that compared with parental U251 cells, DNMT1 expression was downregulated, miR-20a promoter methylation was attenuated and miR-20a levels were elevated in TMZ-resistant U251 cells. Methyltransferase inhibition by 5-aza-2\'-deoxycytidine treatment reduced TMZ sensitivity in U251 cells. In U251/TM cells, DNMT1 expression was negatively correlated with miR-20a expression and positively correlated with TMZ sensitivity and leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1 expression; these effects were reversed by changes in miR-20a expression. DNMT1 overexpression induced an increase in U251/TM cell apoptosis that was inhibited by the miR-20a mimic, whereas DNMT1 silencing attenuated U251/TM cell apoptosis in a manner that was abrogated by miR-20a inhibitor treatment. Tumor growth of the U251/TM xenograft was inhibited by pcDNA-DNMT1 pretreatment and boosted by DNMT1-small hairpin RNA pretreatment. In summary, DNMT1 mediated chemosensitivity by reducing methylation of the microRNA-20a promoter in glioma cells.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy/*genetics/pathology ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Dacarbazine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glioma/drug therapy/*genetics/pathology ; Humans ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect of laparoscopic radical resection of colon cancer.

METHODSPatients with colon cancer who underwent radical resection during January 2000 to January 2004 in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (Medical College of Zhejiang University) were divided into open and laparoscopic groups for a non-randomized case-control study. All the patients were followed up and their clinical and pathological results were compared.

RESULTSNo difference was seen between the two groups on the patients' age, gender, lymph node numbers and Dukes staging. The laparoscopic group had a longer mean operation time [(182 +/- 62) min vs (141 +/- 37) min] and shorter hospital stay [(5.3 +/- 1.9) d vs (8.2 +/- 1.2) d] than the open group. All surgical margins were pathological negative. Post-operation follow up was 12-18 months (mean 21 months). No incision recurrence was found in neither group. As far the local recurrence and distal metastasis rate were similar in both groups.

CONCLUSIONSLaparoscopic radical resection of colon cancer has minimal invasion and shorter recuperation than open procedure, the radicalness and either local recurrence or distal metastasis rate after surgery are similar when compared with open group.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Colectomy ; methods ; Colonic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

China ; Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; isolation & purification ; Quality Control ; Sputum ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; microbiology