Objective To evaluate the effect and feasibility of using estrogen cream for the prevention and treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in postmenopausal women Methods Forty five postmenopausal women with a history of recurrent UTI were divided into two groups (group premarin and group antibiotic) Participants were assigned to apply intravaginal premarin cream (group premarin, n =30) or oral antibiotic (group antibiotic, n =15) for 3 months respectively Urine routine test, midstream urine and vaginal cultures, vaginal health score (VHS), vaginal cell maturation value (MV), endometrial thickness and blood estrogen level were obtained before and after the study Results The incidence of UTI in the group premarin was significantly reduced as compared with that in the group antibiotic (2/27 vs 12/15, P

Objective To evaluate the effect and feasibility of using estrogen cream for the prevention and treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in postmenopausal women.Methods Forty-five postmenopausal women with a history of recurrent UTI were divided into two groups (group premarin and group antibiotic). Participants were assigned to apply intravaginal premarin cream (group premarin, n=30) or oral antibiotic (group antibiotic, n=15) for 3 months respectively. Urine routine test, midstream urine and vaginal cultures, vaginal health score (VHS), vaginal cell maturation value (MV), endometrial thickness and blood estrogen level were obtained before and after the study.Results The incidence of UTI in the group premarin was significantly reduced as compared with that in the group antibiotic (2/27 vs 12/15, P<0.001). In the group premarin Lactobacilli reappeared (from 0 to 59.3%) and MV (from 9.2±6.8 to 74.6±14.1) and VHS (from 5.2±0.4 to 13.4±2.5) were improved after 3 months. There was no significant change in the group antibiotic.Conclusion It seems that intravaginal use of estrogen cream would effectively prevent and reduce the UTI in postmenopausal women.

In order to further promote and achieve the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine,it is particularly important to establish a quality control system of traditional Chinese medicine which not only respects the theory of traditional Chinese medicine but also conforms to the development of the times.Since ancient times,the appearance character of traditional Chinese medicine,such as color,gas and taste,is one of the important criteria to distinguish its authenticity and quality.At present,the research on the appearance of traditional Chinese medicine has gradually shifted from subjective"evaluation of quality from appearance traits"to artificial intelligence sensory technology which can provide objective data support.According to the different simulated senses,intelligent sensory technology can be divided into electronic eyes,electronic nose,electronic tongue,electronic ear and electronic skin.This paper combs the principles of five kinds of artificial intelligence sensory technology and their application in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine,introduces the research status and future development trend of the quality control system of traditional Chinese medicine based on intelligent sense,in order to provide a reference for the upgrade and modern development of the quality control system of traditional Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of two different dosages of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) on preventing bone loss and relieving the symptoms of menopausal syndrome in women at an early stage of menopause.

METHODSA total of 236 postmenopausal women were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: Group A: 0.625 mg CEE + 2 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) + 1 tab Caltrate-D per day; Group B: 0.3 mg CEE + 2 mg MPA + 1 tab Caltrate-D per day; Group C: 1 tab Caltrate-D per day as the control group. The study was continued for 2 years.The following parameters were monitored: (1) L2-4 bone mineral density (BMD) (measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEX)), (2) menopausal syndrome improvement (assessed by comparing Kupperman scores), (3) vaginal bleeding rate, and the thickness of the endometrium and breast in each group.

RESULTSOverall, 213 cases (90%) completed the 1-year study and 176 cases (75%) completed the 2-year study. The percentage changes in L2-4 BMD at the 12th and 24th month in Group A were +2.3% and +3.7%, respectively, with the posttreatment values being significantly higher than pretreatment values (P < 0.001). The percentage changes were +2.7% at 12th month (P < 0.05) and +0.7% at 24th month (P > 0.05) in Group B. And that of Group C were -0.4% at 12th month and -1.6% at 24th month (P > 0.05). L2-4 BMD in both Group A and B was significantly higher than that in Group C at 12th and 24th month (A vs C, P < 0.001; B vs C, P < 0.05). Kupperman Scores were significantly reduced after 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months in all 3 groups when compared with baseline (P < 0.001). Scores in Group A and Group B were significantly lower than that in Group C (P < 0.001). However, the vaginal bleeding rates in Group A were significantly higher than that in Group B or in Group C. There was no atypical hyperplasia of endometrium in the 3 groups by the end of the study. One patient in Group A developed superficial thrombophlebitis by the end of 12th month.

CONCLUSIONContinuous combination of CEE and MPA is effective in preventing bone loss and relieving the symptoms of menopausal syndrome in women at an early stage of menopause. The vaginal bleeding rates in the Group treated with 0.625 mg/d CEE were significantly higher than those treated with 0.3 mg/d CEE.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Endometrium ; pathology ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Progestins ; administration & dosage ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; epidemiology

Objective To establish a level three class A hospital diabetes specialist nurse training modes and methods, in order to create specialist nurse training new model positioning in the different of national ( provincial) diabetes specialist nurses and diabetes care team contact nurses, and provide a new method and thought for college talent team construction. Methods Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology started diabetes specialist nurse training program in 2013, and 36 nurses was registered for these first program, then after the assessment, 21 people was participated in training. They carried out a 8 full-time comprehensive theory and clinical practice training, the training plan and assessment scheme formulated by the diabetes specialist nursing team. Results In the process of training, attendance rate was 98. 5%, and the theory and specialized operation achievement qualified rate was 90. 48% and 100. 00%. The non endocrine specialist carried out individualized diabetes education for more than 1100 times in 2014 after the training, organized medical lectures 23 times, compiled a diabetes specialist nursing guideline, organized 12 times special quality control of the ward, and carried out more than 60 lectures in diabetes patients; the process of diabetes care consultation between departments was improved and nursing consultation more than 70 person-time. It published 5 diabetes related papers in 2014, successful applied for 2 research subjects, organized 4 teaching activities for diabetes, applied and carried out report and extension services 11 projects. Conclusions This training cultivates many specialized nurses overall understanding of diabetes related knowledge, can implement nursing and health education for high blood glucose patients in the hospital, and improve the specialized nursing and scientific research ability.