Objective:To analyze the expression of MUC15 and PI3K/Akt in gastric carcinoma and its association with clinicopathologi-cal characteristics and prognosis. Methods:The expression of MUC15 and Akt was detected in 144 cases of gastric carcinoma tissues and corresponding para-carcinoma tissues by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Results:The positive expression rate of MUC15 in gastric carcinoma was 79.8%, higher than that of para-carcinoma tissues (22.2%, P<0.01). The positive expression rate of Akt protein in gastric carcinoma was 80.6%, higher than that of para-carcinoma tissues (16.7%, P<0.01). The expression of MUC15 and Akt was statistically associated with the grades of differentiation, invasion depth, lymphatic metastasis, TNM stage of tumor tissues (P<0.05), and the positive correlation between the two protein expression that appear in the gastric tumor tissue (P=0.001). Univariate survival analysis showed that the over-expression of either MUC15 or Akt was inversely correlated with the survival time (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Cox multiple regression analysis indicated that patients with over-expression of both MUC15 and Akt had the worst prognoses (HR=3.115, P<0.05). Conclusion:MUC15 may be involved in the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of gastric cancer through the PI3K/Akt cell signaling pathway, and the expression of MUC15 combined with Akt is a powerful predictor for the prognosis of gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: A proper virus inactivation procedure of medical bio-derived tissue repair material is very important to reduce the risk of virus infection and ensure the safety in the therapeutic process. OBJECTIVE: To elaborate different virus inactivation methods of allogeneic and xenogeneic tissue repair materials. METHODS: PubMed, Elsevier, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched for relevant articles using the keywords of "allogeneic, xenogeneic, viral inactivation, disinfection, tissue repair biomaterial" in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Virus inactivation methods can damage the performance of biological materials to different extents. For example, heat inactivation may produce permanent damage to the performance of heat-sensitive materials; γ-ray irradiation may result in the loss of mechanical properties and biologically active substances; acid/alkali method may also destroy the properties and structure of some materials intolerant to acid and alkali corrosion; and some reagent residues such as ethylene oxide, peracetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide may produce irritation to the body and even cause carcinogenic and teratogenic substances. Therefore, in enterprises and research institutions, the virus-killing effect and severity of damage to the material performance should be considered when the virus inactivation process is selected, and the use of existing production processes to verify the virus inactivation is recommended as much as possible.