OBJECTIVE:To analysis the distribution and antibiotic resistance of common isolated pathogenic bacteria in urinary-tract infection cases in our hospital so as to provide scientific basis for the rational clinical use of antibacterials.MET-HODS:625 urine samples were collected from urinary-tract infection cases in our hospital in 2006,from which,344 strains of bacteria were isolated,which were cultured and subjected to drug sensitivity test.RESULTS:Of the 344 strains of bacteria,Gram-negative bacilli took the lead,accounting for 60.2% of the total,followed by Gram-positive cocci(33.4%) and fungi(6.4%).The detection rates of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli.and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 49.2% and 27.3%,respectively.The bacteria had different resistant rate to different antibiotics and were multidrug resistant.CONCLUSION:Bacterial culture of urine and drug-sensitivity test should be performed promptly and drugs should be used with prudence for urinary infection cases to reduce drug-resistance bacteria.

Background It is imperative for the microbial monitor after opening the bottle of eyedrops in order to ensure the safety during use of ophthalmic solutions with multi-dose packaging.Objective This study was to research the microbiological properties and sterile duration of methylcellulose (MC) eye drops in three common environmental conditions,including room temperature condition of community,refrigeration condition of community and room temperature condition of hospital.Methods MC eye drops were assigned to the community room temperature group,community refrigeration group and hospital room temperature group,and 200 bottles of MC eye drops with or without ethylparaben were collected in each group,including sealed or unsealed drugs at average.The containers of all the eye drops were opened and the opening times were record.The drugs was admistered 1 drop for 3 times per day,with the opening period for 5-10 seconds.Then the drugs were preserved in different environments based on grouping.Microbial isolation and purification were performed by the same lab technician at 8:00 from 1 through 10 days after opening of drugs with automatic microbial analyzer.Results In the unsealed MC eye drops without ethylparaben,the bacterial positive rates were about 30％ in the community room temperature group,community refrigeration group and hospital room temperature group,but no microbial colony was seen in the sealed eye drops.Ten days after opening of containers,the bacterial cultured rates were 30％,32％ and 36％ in the eye drops without ethylparaben in the community room temperature group,community refrigeration group and hospital room temperature group,and those in the eye drops with ethylparaben were 15％,19％ and 23％,respectively,showing significant differences between the eye drops with and without ethylparaben (x2 =6.452,4.448,4.063,all at P＜0.05).The 95％ confidence interval (CI) of difference values of intergroup bacterial rates were-0.166-0.126,-0.110-0.190 and-0.088-0.208 between the community room temperature group and the community refrigeration group,between the hospital room temperature group and the community refrigeration group,between the hospital room temperature group and the community room temperature group respectively in the unsealed eye drops without ethylparaben,and those in the unsealed eye drops with ethylparaben were-0.159-0.079,-0.089-0.169 and-0.043-0.203 respectively,indicating insignificant differences among the groups.Cultured bacteria were identified as Micrococcus luteus,Acinetobacter lwoffii,Bacillus subtilis,Acinetobacter radioresistens,Myroides and Staptococcus xylosus.Conclusions Ethylparaben can reduce the contamination rate of microorganisms after opening of MC eye drops.Three environmental conditions do not play an influence on microbial contamination of MC eye drops after opening.The bacteria of contaminated eye drops appear to be common microorganisms in atmosphere and soil,rather than eye common pathogens.

Objective: To compare the hepatobiliary injury difference of newborn BALB/c mice infected by different titers of rhesus rotavirus(RRV). Methods: Neonatal mice(n=80) were randomly separated into 4 groups and were intraperitoneally inoculated with different titers of rotavirus: High titer group(1×10⁷ PFU/ml); Medium titer group(1×10⁶ PFU/ml); Low titer group(2.5×10⁵ PFU/ml); Control group (only culture medium) within the first 24 hours after birth. All mice were sacrificed at day 12 after RRV inoculation then the liver and blood samples were collected. Meanwhile, mice were observed daily for at least 12 days, including their weight, skin color and survival situation. Liver functions were examined by serum biochemical test and morphologic changes in the biliary tract were observed. Tissue sections underwent H&E staining and immunohistochemically analysis for the presence of CK19. Results: Compared with the normal mice, the mice in the experimental group had different degrees of skin jaundice, weight lost, survival rate decreased, liver function damage. In the experimental group, the symptom of low titer group was light, and could be restored to normal, however, when compared with the low titer group, the mice in the high titer group were serious, their skin jaundice was more obvious, weight was significantly reduced and irreversible, survival rate was lower(50%), liver function of TBIL, DBIL, TBA, ALT, ALP were significantly increased.Further analysis showed that the high titer group had high bile duct obstruction rate (80%), with no case of obstruction in the low titer group. Histologic analysis also showed intrahepatic bile duct atresia in the high titer group, a large number of inflammatory cell infiltrated around the portal area, while the morphology of intrahepatic bile duct was almost normal and just a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltrated around the portal area in the low titer group. Conclusions Different titers of rotavirus had different effects on the newborn mice hepatobiliary system: high titer was easy to cause biliary atresia, and low titer caused hepatitis.

Objective To investigate the effect of Lactobacillus casei on depressive behavior and the expression of NR1, NR2A receptor in postpartum depression rats induced by maternal separation. Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into control group( CON group) (n=8),postpartum depression group(PPD group) (n=8),postpartum depression with lactobacillus casei group(PPD+ Lactobacillus casei group) (n=8). Rats of the control group were given no interventions. Rats in PPD group and PPD+Lactobacillus casei group were given maternal separation to establish depression model. And then the rats in PPD+Lactobacillus casei group were treated with Lactobacillus casei ( 8× 108CFU/(kg·d)) for 4 weeks after 14 days of maternal separation. The forced swimming test ( FST) was employed to detect the depressive behaviors. Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,Enterococcus faecalis and Esche-richia coli in cecum of rats and the expression of NR1 and NR2A mRNA in hippocampus of rats were detec-ted by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results Compared with CON group ((157. 50±8. 13) s), the immobility time of PPD group((200. 00±10. 35) s) was significantly longer (t=-3. 23,P<0. 05). Com-pared with PPD group,the immobility time of PPD+ Lactobacillus casei group ((153. 25±7. 41) s) was sig-nificantly shortened (t=3. 67,P<0. 05),and the depressive behavior was improved. Compared with CON group,the mRNA expression of Lactobacillus ((1. 47± 0. 08),t=-5. 87,P<0. 01),Enterococcus faecalis ((1. 23±0. 08),t=-2. 85,P<0. 05) and Escherichia coli( (1. 33±0. 07),t=-4. 96,P<0. 01) in caecum were significantly increased in PPD group, while that of Bifidobacterium decreased significantly (( 0. 65 ± 0. 07),t=5. 18,P<0. 01). Compared with PPD group,the mRNA expression of Lactobacillus ( ( 1. 05 ± 0. 05),t=3. 67,P<0. 01),Enterococcus faecalis ((0. 97±0. 05),t=2. 74,P<0. 05) and Escherichia coli ((1. 06±0. 05),t=3. 31,P<0. 01) were significantly decreased in PPD+ Lactobacillus casei group,while that of Bifidobacterium increased significantly ((0. 98± 0. 04),t=-4. 26,P<0. 01). Compared with CON group,the mRNA expression of NR1 receptor (( 0. 57 ± 0. 04), t=9. 65, P<0. 01) and NR2A receptor ((0. 60±0. 05),t=8. 64,P<0. 05) in hippocampus of rats in PPD group were significantly decreased. Com-pared with PPD group,the expression of NR1 receptor ((1. 01±0. 05),t=-5. 39,P<0. 01) and NR2A re-ceptor ((0. 98±0. 07),t=-3. 91,P<0. 05) in hippocampus were increased significantly in PPD+ Lactoba-cillus casei group. Conclusion Lactobacillus casei can improve the depressive behavior of postpartum depression in rats,and improve the intestinal flora,which affect the expression of NR1 and NR2A in hippocampus.

Objective To filter the traditional Chinese medicine with strong antibacterial activity and effects of reversing drug resistance of bacteria for providing new ideas for the treatment of multi-drug resistant bacteria infection.Methods Six kinds of antibacterial Chinese traditional medicines commonly used in clinic treatment as Radix Paeoniae Rubra,Indigo Naturalis,Galla Chinensis,Flos Chrysanthemi Indici,Herba Hout-tuyniae,and Berberine were used in this study.After preparation of the extract using decocting method,bacte-riostatic effects of these six kinds of Chinese medicine on multiple resistant bacteria were detected by double dilution method.To evaluate the effects of Chinese medicines on reversing drug resistance of multi-drug resist-ant bacteria,minimum inhibitory concentrations for multi-drug resistant bacteria and the original strain were detected by K-B method and calculated the difference of the bacterial inhibition rings.Results T he six kinds of traditional Chinese medicines had different degrees of inhibitory effects on MDR-AB and MDR-PA,and the bacteriostatic effect sequence were Galla Chinensis,Herba Houttuyniae,Flos Chrysanthemi Indici,Radix Pae-oniae Rubra,Indigo Naturalis,and Berberine.The bacteriostatic titer of Galla Chinensis on MDR-AB and MDR-PA was 512-1 024,whose antibacterial activity was the strongest in the six antibacterial Chinese tradi-tional medicines.Galla chinensis and Berberine had significant effects on reversing drug resistance of MDR-AB MDR-PA(P<0.05),but the difference value of inhibition zone diameters before and after reversing were less than 3 mm.Conclusion Radix Paeoniae Rubra,Indigo Naturalis,Galla Chinensis,Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, Herba Houttuyniae,and Berberine could inhibit MDR-AB and MDR-PA in different degrees,in which Galla Chinensis was the most effective antibacterial Chinese Medicine.Ggalla chinensis and Berberine could reverse drug resistance of MDR-AB and MDR-PA to some extent.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value and clinical significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) in children with bronchial asthma.Methods A total of 182cases newly diagnosed with asthma were divided into mild persistent group (68cases), moderate persistent group (63cases) and of severe persistent group (51cases), and 100ageand sex-matched pediatric healthy children at the same period were chosen as healthy control group.WBC, NEU, LYM, MON, EOS, PLT, IgE, NLR, PLR and LMR of all subjects enrolled in this research were retrospectively reviewed.Results There was no significant difference in age and sexuality between children with asthma and control group (P＞0.05), but WBC, EOS, NEU, MON, PLT and IgE were all significantly up-regulated, and LYM was down.NLR and PLR were significantly up-regulated in children with asthma, while LMR decreased significantly.The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curve was 0.88and the cutoff value were 2.619for NLR in diagnosing asthmatic children.The diagnostic value of PLR was similar to that of NLR, the AUC of ROC value was 0.87, and the cutoff value was 111.1.The diagnostic value of LMR was only0.79, and the cutoff value was 5.093.In addition, there was a significant correlation between NLR and IgE or lung function indexes.PLR was also correlated with IgE, but only negatively correlated with lung function indexes such as FVC, FEV1and FEV1/FVC％.There was no significant correlation between LMR and all indexes.NLR and PLR were significantly decreased in children with severe asthma after treatment with budesonide, while LMR was significantly up-regulated.Conclusion There are abnormal changes in NLR, PLR and LMR in children with bronchial asthma, which can be used as an index for auxiliary diagnosis, disease assessment and therapeutic effect monitoring in children with bronchial asthma.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathogenic role of changes of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the hippocampus in depression- and anxiety-like behaviors caused by prenatal stress (PS) in offspring rats. METHODS: Twelve female SpragueDawley rats weighing 240-260 g were randomly divided into control and restraint stress groups. The rats in the control group received no interventions, and those in restraint stress group were subjected to restraint stress (three times a day, 45 min each time) at the gestational age of 14-20 days. The 1-month-old offspring rats underwent open field test and forced swimming test to assess the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and the expressions of Wnt1, Gsk-3β and β-catenin in the hippocampus were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: In open field test, the offspring rats with PS showed significantly decreased crossings of the center ( < 0.01) with reduced time spent in the center ( < 0.05) compared with control offspring rats. In forced swimming test, the offspring rats in PS group exhibited a significantly longer immobility time than in the control rats, and showed obvious depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Compared with those in the control offspring rats, Gsk-3β expression increased significantly while the expressions of β-catenin and Wnt1 were significantly lowered in the hippocampus of the offspring rats in PS group ( < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS PS causes changes in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the hippocampus to contribute to the occurrence of depression-and anxiety-like behaviors in rats.
Animals ; Anxiety ; etiology ; metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; Depression ; etiology ; metabolism ; Female ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Restraint, Physical ; psychology ; Stress, Psychological ; complications ; Swimming ; psychology ; Wnt Signaling Pathway

Objective:To observe the effects of applying ultrasound-guided balloon dilatation in the treatment of post-stroke cyclopthyroid achalasia.Methods:Thirty-eight stroke survivors with cyclopneaful achalasia were divided into a control group ( n=19) and an experimental group ( n=19). All had been diagnosed with cycloparyngeal achalasia using videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). The controls were treated with conventional oral balloon dilatation, while the experimental group underwent ultrasound-guided oral balloon dilatation. The treatment was performed once every 2 days. During the treatment period, the durations and the number of expansions were recorded, and the patient′s comfort and throat pain were evaluated. The Kubota drinking water test (KDWT), standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) scoring and VFSS scoring were compared before and after the 2 weeks of treatment. Results:The average daily duration of expansions in the experimental group was significantly less than in the control group and their number was significantly greater. Comfort and larynx pain were also significantly better in the experimental group. The effective rate in the KDWT was 78.95% in the treatment group, significantly higher than the control group′s 31.58%. Significant differences were also found in the average SSA scores, VFSS pharyngeal phase scores and in the incidence of achalasia between the experimental and control groups.Conclusions:Using ultrasound to guide balloon dilatation can shorten the operation, reduce the throat pain involved and allow for more expansions, greater comfort and thus more effective treatment.

To investigate the intestinal amino acids pathway in depression-like offspring rats induced by maternal separation. Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats were randomly divided into a control group (=8) and a maternal separation group (=8). After normal delivery, the maternal rats were separated from offsprings for 14 consecutive days and 3 h per day in maternal separation group; while rats in the control group was received no interventions in postpartum. Depression-like behaviors of offspring rats were evaluated using the sucrose preference test, novelty suppressed feeding test, and forced swimming test. Amino acid analyzer was used to detect the changes of amino acid contents in the small intestine, and the expressions of alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2), solute carrier superfamily 6 member 19 (BAT1) and L-type amino acid transporter 1(LAT1) were detected by Western blot. The weight of the offspring rats in the maternal separation group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 21 and 28 d (=4.925 and 5.766, all <0.01). Compared with the control group, the percentage of sucrose preference of the offspring rats in the maternal separation group was significantly reduced (=2.709, <0.05), and the feeding latency was significantly prolonged (=-13.431, <0.01). The immobility time in FST of maternal separation group was significantly longer (=-3.616, <0.01).Increased concentration of aspartic acid (=-6.672, <0.01) and down-regulation of glutamine (=3.107, <0.01) and glycine (=9.781, <0.01) were observed in maternal separation group. Western blot analysis revealed that the protein expressions of ASCT2 (=6.734, <0.01) and BAT1 (=9.015, <0.01) in maternal separation group were reduced, while the expression of LAT1 was increased (=-8.942, <0.01). Maternal separation can induce the depression-like behavior in offspring rats; the amino acid contents and the amino acid transporter expression in the small intestine are reduced, which may be related to depression-like behavior induced by maternal separation.
Amino Acids ; Animals ; Depression/etiology* ; Female ; Hippocampus ; Maternal Deprivation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective: To study the distribution and pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in rabbit eyes after intravenous administration. Methods: Thirty-five rabbits were randomly divided into 7 groups by random number table method, with 5 rabbits in each group.The rabbits in blank control group were feed without any treatment, the rest rabbits were injected with 40.63 mg/kg cefuroxime intravenously.The rabbits were sacrificed at 0.5 hour, 1.0 hour, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 hours after injection, and the eyeballs were immediately dissected.The concentration of drug in different ocular tissues was detected by high performance liquid chromatography, and the pharmacokinetic parameters in eyes were computed by the DAS software.This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Shanxi Provincial Eye Hospital (201802b). Results: The peak concentrations (Cmax) of cefuroxime were (11.63±0.20), (1.59±0.05), (1.51±0.08), (0.99±0.07), (1.55±0.08) and (8.57±0.17)μg/ml in aqueous humor, iris-ciliary body, vitreous body, retinal-choroid, cornea and sclera, respectively.The times to peak (Tmax) were 1.5 hours, 1.0, 1.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 0.5 hour in aqueous humor, iris-ciliary body, vitreous body, retinal-choroid, cornea and sclera, respectively.The areas under drug time curve (AUC_0-t) were (26.60±0.62), (6.22±0.84), (5.86±0.16), (3.75±0.45), (5.50±0.15) and (26.48±0.73)(μg·h)/ml in aqueous humor, iris-ciliary body, vitreous body, retinal-choroid, cornea and sclera, respectively.Cefuroxime was not detected in the lens at different time points after injection.The parameters of pharmacokinetics were fitted to two compartment model. Conclusions Cefuroxime shows good penetration in aqueous humor, iris-ciliary body, vitreous body, retinal-choroid, cornea and sclera when administrated by intravenous injection in rabbits and cefuroxime has no distribution in lens.Cefuroxime can reach an effective concentration in ocular tissues 0.5 to 1.5 hours after intravenous injection.