OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for determination of dextran70 in Compound dextran70 eye drop. METHODS:HPLC-RID was performed on the column of Phenomenex PolySep-GFC-P 4000 with the mobile phase of 0.7% Na2SO4 solution. The flow rate was 0.5 ml/min,column temperature was 35 ℃ and injection volume was 50 μl,and the inner temperature of refrac-tive index detector was 40 ℃. RESULTS:The linear range of dextran70 was 0.1-5.0 mg/ml(r=0.999 5);RSDs of precision,sta-bility and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;average recovery was 97.45%-101.76%(RSD=0.57%,n=9). CONCLU-SIONS:The method is simple,fast and reliable with high separation and short analysis time,and can be used for the content deter-mination of dextran70 in Compound dextran70 eye drop.

Obiective To study the regularity of three-dimensional displacement in respiration of lung cancer. Methods Af-ter CT scanning, the CT images were transferred into target planning system (TPS) to obtain three-dimensional reconstruc-tion images. Then target drawing and noting of target position, tumor volume, lung function, patient gender, age and weight were performed. The images during the course of inspiration and expiration in simulator were scanned and transferred into TPS by DICOM RT port. At last, the three-dimensional displacement curve of the interested points(X,Y and Z axis) could be obtained. Results The three-dimensional real time displacement curve of lung cancer interested points could be estab-fished by the way of collecting simulator images and drawing interested points. The maximum displacement range of the interested points were 4.2mm in Z-axis(head-foot direction), 3.8ram in X-axis(left-right direction), 2.9ram in Y-axis(ante-rior-posterior direction). Conclusion The three--dimensional real time displacement curve of lung cancer at any point of the target can be established by collecting the dynamic images in simulator and reconstructing of the corresponding images in target planning system through the DICOM RT.

Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor in urinary system. The life quality of patients reduces obviously after radical resection of bladder. Comprehensive treatment including radiotherapy and chem-otherapy after bladder preservation surgery plays an important role for the prevention of postoperative recur-rence,preservation the function of bladder,and improving the life quality of patients. Image-guided radiothera-py can reduce the setup error and inner boundary caused by the movement of organs,and can alleviate the side reaction of radiation,and it also can provide basis of expanding boundary of planning target volume for the blad-der cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE:To analysis the distribution and antibiotic resistance of common isolated pathogenic bacteria in urinary-tract infection cases in our hospital so as to provide scientific basis for the rational clinical use of antibacterials.MET-HODS:625 urine samples were collected from urinary-tract infection cases in our hospital in 2006,from which,344 strains of bacteria were isolated,which were cultured and subjected to drug sensitivity test.RESULTS:Of the 344 strains of bacteria,Gram-negative bacilli took the lead,accounting for 60.2% of the total,followed by Gram-positive cocci(33.4%) and fungi(6.4%).The detection rates of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli.and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 49.2% and 27.3%,respectively.The bacteria had different resistant rate to different antibiotics and were multidrug resistant.CONCLUSION:Bacterial culture of urine and drug-sensitivity test should be performed promptly and drugs should be used with prudence for urinary infection cases to reduce drug-resistance bacteria.

Background It is imperative for the microbial monitor after opening the bottle of eyedrops in order to ensure the safety during use of ophthalmic solutions with multi-dose packaging.Objective This study was to research the microbiological properties and sterile duration of methylcellulose (MC) eye drops in three common environmental conditions,including room temperature condition of community,refrigeration condition of community and room temperature condition of hospital.Methods MC eye drops were assigned to the community room temperature group,community refrigeration group and hospital room temperature group,and 200 bottles of MC eye drops with or without ethylparaben were collected in each group,including sealed or unsealed drugs at average.The containers of all the eye drops were opened and the opening times were record.The drugs was admistered 1 drop for 3 times per day,with the opening period for 5-10 seconds.Then the drugs were preserved in different environments based on grouping.Microbial isolation and purification were performed by the same lab technician at 8:00 from 1 through 10 days after opening of drugs with automatic microbial analyzer.Results In the unsealed MC eye drops without ethylparaben,the bacterial positive rates were about 30％ in the community room temperature group,community refrigeration group and hospital room temperature group,but no microbial colony was seen in the sealed eye drops.Ten days after opening of containers,the bacterial cultured rates were 30％,32％ and 36％ in the eye drops without ethylparaben in the community room temperature group,community refrigeration group and hospital room temperature group,and those in the eye drops with ethylparaben were 15％,19％ and 23％,respectively,showing significant differences between the eye drops with and without ethylparaben (x2 =6.452,4.448,4.063,all at P＜0.05).The 95％ confidence interval (CI) of difference values of intergroup bacterial rates were-0.166-0.126,-0.110-0.190 and-0.088-0.208 between the community room temperature group and the community refrigeration group,between the hospital room temperature group and the community refrigeration group,between the hospital room temperature group and the community room temperature group respectively in the unsealed eye drops without ethylparaben,and those in the unsealed eye drops with ethylparaben were-0.159-0.079,-0.089-0.169 and-0.043-0.203 respectively,indicating insignificant differences among the groups.Cultured bacteria were identified as Micrococcus luteus,Acinetobacter lwoffii,Bacillus subtilis,Acinetobacter radioresistens,Myroides and Staptococcus xylosus.Conclusions Ethylparaben can reduce the contamination rate of microorganisms after opening of MC eye drops.Three environmental conditions do not play an influence on microbial contamination of MC eye drops after opening.The bacteria of contaminated eye drops appear to be common microorganisms in atmosphere and soil,rather than eye common pathogens.

Objective To compare the dosage characteristics between three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT)plan and simplified inverse dynamic intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)in patients with early-stage breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery.Methods 3DCRT and IMRT treament plans were designed for 14 female patients with early-stage breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery,4 of whom were left breast cancer cases.A dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions to the whole ipsilateral breast was delivered using 6 MV photons for 3DCRT or IMRT.For 3DCRT plans,tangential field irradiation was adopted.While for IMRT,reverse dynamic intensity modulated technology was done through two pairs of tangential-likely fields, and 10 Gy was boosted to the tumor bed concomitantly in 25 fractions.The conformity index (CI),heterogenei-ty index (HI),dose and volume of organs at risk were evaluated by dose volume histograms (DVH).Results Compared with 3DCRT plans for ipsilateral lung,the high dose volumes were reduced and the low dose volumes were increased in IMRT plans.The same phenomenon was also observed for the heart of the patient with left breast cancer.The crosspoint doses of 3DCRT DVH and IMRT DVH for lung or heart were (25.16 ±9.11) Gy,(28.63 ±10.41 )Gy respectively.There was no difference between the two plans in the V10 of contra-lateral breast [IMRT(4.13 ±5.17)%∶3DCRT(1.99 ±2.43)%,t=2.11,P>0.05],but the D30 and mean of IMRT plan were higher than that of 3DCRT [(2.23 ±1.77)Gy ∶(1.20 ±0.46)Gy,t=2.58,P<0.05;(2.35 ±1.59)Gy ∶(1.54 ±0.88)Gy,t=3.15,P<0.01].The difference in HI between the two plans was not observed [IMRT(1.25 ±0.10)∶3DCRT(1.23 ±0.11),t=1.25,P>0.05].While the CI of IMRT plans were improved compared with 3DCRT [(0.75 ±0.07)∶(0.62 ±0.09),t =5.68,P<0.000 1]. Conclusion Compared with 3DCRT plan in patients with early-stage breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery,the main advantages of four fields simplified inverse dynamic IMRT are concomitant tumor boosting, decreasing the high dose volumes of ipsilateral lung,and improving the CI of planning target volume at the same time,but the HI is not improved.The IMRT plan is a simple,rational and feasible design scheme.

Objective To investigate the role of double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCUS) in the diagnosis of rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Methods In eleven patients with rectal GISTs before surgery, gastrointestinal ultrasound contrast agent were injected into rectal lumen and tumor’s two dimensional ultrasound features were analyzed. Microbubbles were injected into the vein to investigate the feature of lesion microcirculation perfusion. After the surgery, according to the tumor diameter and mitotic count, rectal GISTs were classified as very low-risk, low-risk, intermediated-risk and high-risk tumors. The very low-risk and low-risk tumors were grouped together as one group while the intermediated-risk and high-risk tumors were grouped together as another group. According to ultrasound performance and pathological type, ultrasonic features of rectal GISTs with different risk levels were estimated. Results Among all rectal GISTs cases, 63.6%(7/11) were low-risk. Under DCUS, the tumor diameter was less than 5 cm, with regular round, hypoechogenicity, uniform low enhancement and less internal liquefaction necrosis. For the 36.4%(4/11) high-risk cases, under DCUS, the tumor diameter was≥5 cm, with irregular round or lobulation, mixed hyperechogenicity and hypoechogenicity, nonuniform high enhancement, large blood vessel and common liquefied necrosis region. The biological behavior of rectal GISTs was relevant to lesion size, liquefaction necrosis and enhancement mode of ultrasound contrast and irrelevant to the bound and shape of lesion. The accuracy of DCUS and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography were 90.9%(10/11) and 72.7%(8/11) respectively. Conclusions DCUS is considered as an effective tool in diagnosingrectal GISTs and can get useful information of the biological characteristics. It has great value for the diagnosis and treatment of rectal GISTs.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as their correlations with the initial severity of TBI and prognosis.Methods A total of 229 patients with acute TBI admitted from September 2014 to June 2016 were retrospectively studied.Patients were further classified as mild TBI group (GCS 13-15 points),moderate TBI group (GCS 9-12 points) and severe TBI group (GCS 3-8 points) according to Glasgow coma score (GCS).The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects.The prognosis was evaluated by using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 6 months after TBI.The IGF-1 levels were further tested at days 1,3,5,7 and 14 and their correlations with the initial GCS and GOS at 6 months after injury were evaluated.Results (1) The serum IGF-1 levels of mild,moderate and severe TBI group at all time points were significantly lower than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the serum IGF-1 levels of severe and moderate TBI groups at all time points after injury were significantly lower than those of the mild TBI group (P ＜0.05);the serum IGF-1 levels of the severe group at days 1,3,5 and 7 d after injury were lower than those of the moderate TBI group (P＜0.05).(2) IGF-1 levels were significantly different between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05) at different time points during the follow-up of 6 months.(3)IGF-1 levels were positively correlated with both GCS and GOS at the acute stage of TBI and sub-acute stage following TBI (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The dynamic changes of serum IGF-1 levels in patients with acute TBI are related to both initial severity of TBI and the neurological outcomes and can be used as a reliable biomarker for early severity assessment and prognostic prediction of TBI.

Objective To investigate the effect of Lactobacillus casei on depressive behavior and the expression of NR1, NR2A receptor in postpartum depression rats induced by maternal separation. Methods Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into control group( CON group) (n=8),postpartum depression group(PPD group) (n=8),postpartum depression with lactobacillus casei group(PPD+ Lactobacillus casei group) (n=8). Rats of the control group were given no interventions. Rats in PPD group and PPD+Lactobacillus casei group were given maternal separation to establish depression model. And then the rats in PPD+Lactobacillus casei group were treated with Lactobacillus casei ( 8× 108CFU/(kg·d)) for 4 weeks after 14 days of maternal separation. The forced swimming test ( FST) was employed to detect the depressive behaviors. Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,Enterococcus faecalis and Esche-richia coli in cecum of rats and the expression of NR1 and NR2A mRNA in hippocampus of rats were detec-ted by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results Compared with CON group ((157. 50±8. 13) s), the immobility time of PPD group((200. 00±10. 35) s) was significantly longer (t=-3. 23,P<0. 05). Com-pared with PPD group,the immobility time of PPD+ Lactobacillus casei group ((153. 25±7. 41) s) was sig-nificantly shortened (t=3. 67,P<0. 05),and the depressive behavior was improved. Compared with CON group,the mRNA expression of Lactobacillus ((1. 47± 0. 08),t=-5. 87,P<0. 01),Enterococcus faecalis ((1. 23±0. 08),t=-2. 85,P<0. 05) and Escherichia coli( (1. 33±0. 07),t=-4. 96,P<0. 01) in caecum were significantly increased in PPD group, while that of Bifidobacterium decreased significantly (( 0. 65 ± 0. 07),t=5. 18,P<0. 01). Compared with PPD group,the mRNA expression of Lactobacillus ( ( 1. 05 ± 0. 05),t=3. 67,P<0. 01),Enterococcus faecalis ((0. 97±0. 05),t=2. 74,P<0. 05) and Escherichia coli ((1. 06±0. 05),t=3. 31,P<0. 01) were significantly decreased in PPD+ Lactobacillus casei group,while that of Bifidobacterium increased significantly ((0. 98± 0. 04),t=-4. 26,P<0. 01). Compared with CON group,the mRNA expression of NR1 receptor (( 0. 57 ± 0. 04), t=9. 65, P<0. 01) and NR2A receptor ((0. 60±0. 05),t=8. 64,P<0. 05) in hippocampus of rats in PPD group were significantly decreased. Com-pared with PPD group,the expression of NR1 receptor ((1. 01±0. 05),t=-5. 39,P<0. 01) and NR2A re-ceptor ((0. 98±0. 07),t=-3. 91,P<0. 05) in hippocampus were increased significantly in PPD+ Lactoba-cillus casei group. Conclusion Lactobacillus casei can improve the depressive behavior of postpartum depression in rats,and improve the intestinal flora,which affect the expression of NR1 and NR2A in hippocampus.

Objective To filter the traditional Chinese medicine with strong antibacterial activity and effects of reversing drug resistance of bacteria for providing new ideas for the treatment of multi-drug resistant bacteria infection.Methods Six kinds of antibacterial Chinese traditional medicines commonly used in clinic treatment as Radix Paeoniae Rubra,Indigo Naturalis,Galla Chinensis,Flos Chrysanthemi Indici,Herba Hout-tuyniae,and Berberine were used in this study.After preparation of the extract using decocting method,bacte-riostatic effects of these six kinds of Chinese medicine on multiple resistant bacteria were detected by double dilution method.To evaluate the effects of Chinese medicines on reversing drug resistance of multi-drug resist-ant bacteria,minimum inhibitory concentrations for multi-drug resistant bacteria and the original strain were detected by K-B method and calculated the difference of the bacterial inhibition rings.Results T he six kinds of traditional Chinese medicines had different degrees of inhibitory effects on MDR-AB and MDR-PA,and the bacteriostatic effect sequence were Galla Chinensis,Herba Houttuyniae,Flos Chrysanthemi Indici,Radix Pae-oniae Rubra,Indigo Naturalis,and Berberine.The bacteriostatic titer of Galla Chinensis on MDR-AB and MDR-PA was 512-1 024,whose antibacterial activity was the strongest in the six antibacterial Chinese tradi-tional medicines.Galla chinensis and Berberine had significant effects on reversing drug resistance of MDR-AB MDR-PA(P<0.05),but the difference value of inhibition zone diameters before and after reversing were less than 3 mm.Conclusion Radix Paeoniae Rubra,Indigo Naturalis,Galla Chinensis,Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, Herba Houttuyniae,and Berberine could inhibit MDR-AB and MDR-PA in different degrees,in which Galla Chinensis was the most effective antibacterial Chinese Medicine.Ggalla chinensis and Berberine could reverse drug resistance of MDR-AB and MDR-PA to some extent.