Objective:To understand the quality of life about rural elderly population and its influencing factors.Methods:Using WHOQOL-BREF scale and self-designed questionnaire,a survey about quality of life was conducted among 1074 rural elderly in Shandong Province selected by stratified,random method.T test,variaace analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors.Results:The score of environment field was the highest (13.83 ± 1.05),while social relations field was the lowest (8.63± 0.45).Single factor analysis showed that age,education level,economic situation,pension source,chronic disease,pension mode,physical exanination had significant effect on quality of life scores in each dimension (P ＜ 0.05).Marital status only had significant effect on psychological and social relations scores (P ＜ 0.05).Gender and the number of children were not statistically significant on the quality of life score in each dimension (P ＞ 0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of quality of life score in each dimension were chronic disease and economic situation.Physical examination only had significant effect on the physiology and psychological score.Pension mode had significant effect on psychological and social relations score.Age influenced physiology health score.Marital status influenced psychology health score.Conclusion:The government should pay attention to the health status of elderly and the psychological status of elderly without spouse;increase the support efforts to the poor rural elderly;strengthen the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases;improve the social support network and social security system.

PurposeTo observe the effects of blocking the renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system at different sites in experimental congestive heart failure (CHF)rats. Methods Six weeks after coronary ligation, rats( n = 66)were randomized to benalapril, losartan, spironolactone, placebo, and treated for 6 weeks. Sham-operated rats( n = 18) served as controls. Six weeks later left ventricular hemodynamics were measured. Results In the hemodynamic variables, HR was not significantly different between groups. Compared four treatment groups with sham-operated group, LVEDP increased, LVPSP and ± dp/dtmax decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with placebo group,all data in spironolactone group were not significantly different, LVEDP, mortality in benalapril group and in losartan group decreased, LVPSP and ± dp/dtmax in benalapril group and in losartan group increased(P ＜ 0.05). ConclusionsAdministration of ACEI and Ag Ⅱ-AT1 antagonist are effective in preventing from cardiac function deterioration, while spironolactone treatments are not. Spironolactone has tendency in decreasing LVEDP.

Objective To explore the influence of the health belief model education on the life quality of nurses.Methods 200 nurses were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 100 cases in each,the experimental group received health belief model education while the control group was given no intervention.The life quality of nurses before and after the education was compared.Results The life guality of nurses showed no significant difference between the two groups before the health belief model education,one month after health belief model education,life quality of nurses in the two groups showed significant difference.Conclusions Application of the health belief model education can improve the nurses'quality of life.

Objective To understand the biological characteristicsand drug resistance of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from neonatal clinic and the nose swabs of medical staff in the neonatal department.Methods Twenty-six strains of MRSA clinically isolated from the neonatal department and the nose swabs of medical staff in this department were collected and performed the multilocus sequence typing (MLST),spa typing, staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing.The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene was simultaneously detected.The antimicrobial susceptibility test of 14 antibacterial dugs was performed.Results Among 26 strains of MRSA,53.8% was isolated from sputum,2 strains were detected from the nase swab of medical staff.The MLST type had 5 types,ST59 accounted for 76.9%.The spa type had 8 types,t437 acoounted for 65.4%.the SCCmec type had only 2 types,20 strains were SCCmecⅣ(76.9%,20/26) and 4 strains(15.4%) were SCCmecV.In the PLV gene detection,the PVL positive rate was 15.4%.One strain of MRSA from the nose swabs of medical staff in the neonatal department was100% homologous with 1 strain from the patient by PFGE analysis.The drug susceptibility test results showed that all MRSA strains were 100% sensitive to antibacterial drugs of nitrofurantoin,quinupristin/dalfopristin,vancomycin and quinolone,while had higher resistance rates to tetracycline,erythromycin and clindamycin,which were above 50%.Conclusion In MRSA strains isolated from the neonatal department in this study,the most common clones were MRSA-ST59-SCCmecⅣ-t437.Erythromycin and clindamycin should not be preferred in the empiric treatment of newborn MRSA.

AIM: To investigate the dynamic alteration of cardiac collagen metabolism in mice with acute,chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).METHODS: BALB/c mice infected with coxsackievirus B_3 were used to establish animal models of acute,chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy,while uninfected animals were also prepared and served as controls.After verification of models by histopathological methods and echocardiography,serum concentration of aminoterminal propeptide of type Ⅲ procollagen(PIIINP),aminoterminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen(PINP) and carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen(PICP) in each group of mice were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1(MMP1) and its tissue inhibitor(TIMP-1) were determined by Western blotting analysis.The MMP-1 activity was also detected.RESULTS: Marked myocardial fibrosis was observed in all groups of CVB_3-infected mice.Reparative fibrosis,promotion of synthesis and degradation of cardiac collagens were presented in heart tissue of acute myocarditis mice. Both reparative and reactive fibrosis,enhanced synthesis and lightened degradation of collagen were present in chronic myocarditis,while reactive fibrosis and excess collagen synthesis were confirmed in DCM.Expression and activity of(MMP-1) was progressively decreased.TIMP-1 showed unchanged.The ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1 was progressively descended.CONCLUSION: Collagen metabolism was special in different phase of viral heart diseases,which may play different roles in the progression and prognosis of these kinds of disease.

Objective To compare the disinfection efficacy of different disinfectants on dental unit waterlines (DUWLs). Methods 18 sets of DUWLs were randomly divided into 4 groups,and disinfected or treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )disinfectant,sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)disinfectant,hydrogen peroxide silver ion disinfectant(Sanosil),and distilled water (DW)respectively.Water specimens from triple syringes and high-speed handpieces were taken,bacterial count before and after disinfection were compared.Results Before disinfection,no significant differences in bacterial counts were found among four groups (all P >0.05),bacterial counts of DUWLs of all groups severely exceeded the standard(all>3 000 CFU/mL).After disinfection,except DW group,bacterial counts of DUWLs of the other groups declined dramat-ically (all <100 CFU/mL),bacterial count after disinfection were all obviously lower than before disinfection (all P <0.001 ).One week after disinfection,bacterial counts among three disinfectant groups in different time periods were statisti-cally different (triple syringes:Day1—Day5,all P <0.05;high-speed handpieces:Day2,Day3 and Day5,all P <0.05). Day3 after disinfection of triple syringes by H2 O2 and NaClO,Day4 after disinfection of high-speed handpieces by H2 O2 and NaClO,and Day5 of triple syringes and high-speed handpieces by Sanosil all exceeded the standard of Center for Disease Control and Prevention of America.One week after disinfection,bacterial counts of three disinfection groups all exceeded or approximated to that before disinfection.Conclusion Three types of disinfectants can all effectively reduce bacterial load in DUWLs.Compared with other disinfectants,Sanosil has advantage of inhibiting bacterial growth after disinfection.

Objective To investigate the etiological factors fc,r abnormal vaginal bleeding in girls.Methods Data of 65 female children aged from 3 months and 10 years old with abnormal vaginal bleeding,who were treated in Department of Endocrinology,Wnhan Children's Hospital from March 2009 to October 2013 were collected by using medical records and follow-ups.By means of pelvic ultrasound,bone age assessment,hysteroscope,hormone level and genetic testing,the causes of the disease were analyzed.Results Of 65 patients,37 cases had breast developed,21 ca-ses had nipple,areola and vulva pigmentation increased,16 cases with genital secretions increasing and odor,the height growth in 21 cases accelerated,abdominal pain was presented in 5 cases,and 6 cases had skin milk coffee spots.The leading etiological factors for vaginal hemorrhage in these girls were sexual precocity.The peripheral precocious puberty accounted for the first place (30/65 cases,46.2％),and followed by the central precocious puberty (20/65 cases,30.8 ％).Hyperphlogosis accounted for 12.3 ％ (8/65 cases),vaginal foreign body accounted for 6.2 ％ (6/65 cases),and genital tract tumors accounted for 4.6％ (3/65 cases).In the 30 peripheral precocious puberty cases,exogenous precocious puberty accounted for 16.9％ (11 cases),8 cases(12.3％) were of solitary ovarian cyst,8 cases(12.3％) of McCune-Albright syndrome,and 3 cases of ovarian tumors.In the 20 central precocious puberty cases,idiopathic central precocious puberty accounted for 18.5％ (12 cases),4 cases(6.2％) were of organic disease of central nervous system,and 4 cases (6.2％) of hypothyroidism.Of 65 children,12 cases lost follow-up and 1 case abandoned treatment.The rests received appropriate treatment according to different causes,and the vaginal bleeding were effectively controlled after 3 months to 2.5 years of follow-ups without recurrence of bleeding.But there were 2 cases of isolated ovarian cyst and 3 cases of McCune-Albright syndrome turned into central precocious puberty.Conclusions Endocrine diseases are the common factors for children's vaginal bleeding.Neoplasm is not rare in girl's abnormal vaginal hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the effect of universal salt iodization (USI) on the profile of in-patient thyroid diseases. Methods Informations on thyroid diseases were collected by retrospective approach in hospitalized patients. Results With USI for 1-4 years, the incidence of thyroid diseases in the total in-patient cases increased from 7.6‰ to 11.0‰, the female/male ratio increased from 3.6 to 4.1, patients aged

Objective To explore the clinical feature and gene mutation in steroid 5α-reductase 2 deficiency (SRD5A2). Method The clinical data of SRD5A2 in a child with vulva abnormality as the first manifestation was retrospectively analyzed. Results This was a 29-month-old child, whose social gender was female. The level of her basic luteinizing hormone (LH) was 0.07 mIU/mL, and follicle-stimulating hormone was (FSH) 0.39 mIU/mL. The baseline levels of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and androstendione (A2) were 0.06 ng/mL, 19.67 pg/mL, 1.20 ng/mL, and 0.07 ng/mL respectively. Those levels were 3.65 ng/mL, 68.25 pg/mL, 51.72 ng/mL, and 14.70 ng/mL respectively after Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation. The levels of her anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) was 22.97 ng/mL, and inhibin B (INH-B) was 274.4 pg/mL. The uterus and ovaries were not detected by Pelvic ultrasound and MRI. The chromosome showed 46, XY. Sex determination (SRY) gene detection showed normal. Androgen receptor (AR) gene detection showed negative. There was pathogenic mutation of 5α-reductase 2 (SRD5A2) gene in peripheral blood of the child and her parents. The penis grows 2 cm after 4 months of treatment with 2.5% DHT gel. Conclusion SRD5A2 is diagnosed mainly based on the increase of T/DHT after HCG stimulation experiment and it can be confirmed by detection of pathogenic SRD5A2 mutation.

Objective:To understand the quality of life of nurses and its influencing factors .Methods:Using WHOQOL-BREF scale and self-designed questionnaire , with the method of random , quota sampling , we chose 460 nurses in a county -level city of Shandong province to conduct the survey .Results:The environment field score was the highest (23.23 ±2.60), while the psychological score was the lowest (20.53 ±1.90).Nurses with higher ages scored lower in physiology and psychology .Male nurses ' physiology scores were higher than those of fe-males, but the psychological field scores of male nurses were lower .Those with higher education level scored lower in physiology .Physiological and psychological scores of administrative department nurses were higher .Scores of psychology , environment , and social relations were higher in permanent and high title nurses than those in contract and low (no) title nurses.Conclusion:It should establish the people -oriented nursing ethics culture , improve hu-man resource management .Through the standard post level management , flexible scheduling , we should improve the equal pay system , improve the sense of belonging , professional identity , to enhance quality of life .