BACKGROUND:Diabetes mel itus is a common complication after kidney transplantation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the risk factors for diabetes mel itus after kidney transplantation diabetes mel itus risk factors and clinical treatment based on integrative medicine. METHODS:Literatures concerning diabetes mel itus after kidney transplantation were retrieved in the database, and the articles that met the study criteria were analyzed. In this paper, we analyzed the risk factors for diabetes mel itus and concluded the therapies for diabetes mel itus after kidney transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Diabetes mel itus after kidney transplantation is an abnormal glucose metabolism caused by multiple factors, which is related to age, body mass index, lipid levels, immunosuppressant program, frequency of acute rejections, and cumulative dose of glucocorticoid. Periodic monitoring of blood glucose after kidney transplantation contributes to the earlier detection of the occurrence of diabetes mel itus. Integrative medicines that can lower blood glucose level and immunosuppressant adjustment can be effective for the treatment of diabetes mel itus after kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND:Epimedium has been used in the treatment of osteoporosis and repair of bone defects. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of epimedium on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
METHODS:A database search was performed to retrieve literatures addressing epimedium effects on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Then, the papers meeting the criteria were selected for in-depth analysis. During the osteogenic differentiation induced by epimedium, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteopontin, transforming growth factorβ, bone morphogenetic proteins, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein were detected in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to understand the underlying mechanism of epimedium in proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Epimedium effects on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are shown in a dose-dependent manner. During the early induction, icari n can increase cellphosphatase activity;in the late induction, icari n can increase calcified nodules, promote osteocalcin secretion, significantly improve the expressions of transforming growth factorβ1, bone morphogenetic protein 2, insulin-like growth factor-1, osteopontin and bone sialoprotein. Epimedium, which can be used as an excellent osteoinductive factor, improves the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

BACKGROUND:Animal and cel studies have shown that the Kidney Recipe can prevent and treat osteoporosis and improve bone metabolism, but this recipe is complicated. Recent studies on compound Chinese medicine mainly focused on serum drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, which has limitations, and the effective ingredient and pharmaceutical material basis are uncertain. OBJECTIVE:In the different concentrations and time, by using different compatibility proportion of active ingredients of Kidney Recipe, osteoblasts from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to culture intervention. The proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts were determined so as to identify time-effect and dose-effect relationship of Kidney Recipe on osteoblasts and to provide experimental evidences for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS:Primary neonatal 24-hour osteoblasts of Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in vitro. Herbs“tonic”and“cathartic”active chemical components of different proportion were used. The experiment contained three groups:Tonics Medicine (T)>Cathartic Medicine (C) group, TC group and TC group (P<0.05). At mass concentration of 20μg/L, no significant difference was detected in the T>C and TC group (P<0.05), and the proliferation became weak at 72 hours. At mass concentration of 10μg/L and 72 hours of culture, alkaline phosphatase secretion could be promoted in the T>C group. At mass concentration of 20μg/L and 24 hours of culture, the promoting effect on alkaline phosphatase secretion was most significant in the TC group (P<0.05). Results confirm that active ingredients of Kidney Recipe compatibility proportion can promote osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation most strongly in the T>C group in the time-effect and the dose-effect relationship.

BACKGROUND:Drug treatment is the main method for the treatment of diabetes currently, but the development of the disease and occurrence of related complications are the chal enges to the effect of drugs. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and feasibility of co-transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and islet cells for the treatment of diabetes. METHODS:The rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were separated and purified, and cultured in vitro to establish the diabetes models. The rat diabetes models were injected with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, co-cultured mixture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and islet cells, and normal saline or phosphate buffer (control). The effect of transplantation was evaluated through observing the blood glucose levels, insulin secretion, and pathological changes of pancreatic tissue in the rat diabetes models. RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION:In the diabetes rats treated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation, the C-peptide levels were significantly increased after transplantation, while the blood glucose levels were significantly decreased, but not lower than the normal level, and the blood glucose levels were increased again with the time prolonging. In the diabetes rats treated with co-transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and islet cells, the blood glucose levels were decreased significantly and lower than the normal level which was maintained in a certain time, and the decreasing degree was larger than that in the rats treated with simple bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation. Co-transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and islet cells is feasible for the treatment of diabetes with a certain effect.

BACKGROUND:Compound Chinese medicine is a kind of compound drugs with the combination of minerals, plants and animals, which play the multi-target integrated treatment effects in the treatment of bone metabolic disease through various methods.
OBJECTIVE:To research the effect of compound traditional Chinese medicine on the proliferation and bone mineral density of osteoblasts, and to explore the pharmacological effect of compound traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of osteoporosis.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed to analyze the effect of some compound traditional Chinese medicines on the proliferation and bone mineral density of osteoblasts that identified in the previous studies, in order to analyze the factors of compound traditional Chinese medicines that can promote the bone formation. The appropriate dose of the drugs that can promote cel proliferation and differentiation and improve the bone mineral density was screened out through the in vitro culture of osteoblasts, and then compared with the results of chemical medicines.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compound traditional Chinese medicines can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and improve the bone mineral density, and have the advantages of ful treatment and less side effect in the treatment of osteoporosis. But the effect of compound traditional Chinese medicines in improving the bone mineral density is less than the chemical drugs. The long-term and large-sample clinical studies should be performed to decrease the risk of osteoporotic fracture.

Objective:To determine the status of glucose intolerance in breast cancer patients without DM history after combined treatment with surgery and/or chemotherapy through an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods:All 121 breast cancer patients more than 3 months after combined treatments with surgery and/or chemotherapy and without the diagnosis of diabetes underwent OGTT and fasting. Then, 2 h glucose levels were measured to identify glucose tolerance and diabetes. Meanwhile, six patients with a history of diagnosed diabetes did not undergo OGTT. Results:The median ages of all breast cancer patients and the mean duration after combined treatments with surgery and/or chemotherapy were 50.4 years and 19 months, respectively. Among the 121 breast cancer pa-tients without the history of diabetes, the incidences of diabetes, prediabetes, and normal glucose intolerance were 19.8%(24 cases), 45.5%(55 cases) and 34.7%(42 cases), respectively. Among all breast cancer patients, the incidences of previously diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and prediabetes were 4.72%, 18.9%, and 43.3%, respectively. The ratio of previously undiagnosed diabetes was about 80%. About 80.0% of undiagnosed diabetes and 74.5% of prediabetes met the criteria for elevated 2 h plasma glucose levels through OGTT instead of elevated fasting glucose levels. Conclusion: Breast cancer patients during follow-up after combined treat-ments with surgery and/or chemotherapy highly suffer from glucose intolerance, with high incidences of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes. OGTT should be made for breast cancer patients after combined treatments for early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of di-abetes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the sublingual immunotherapy with dermatophagoides farinae drops on patients with allergic rhinitis. METHOD: One hundred and twelve cases were collected from adult patients with dust-mite allergic rhinitis of our hospital who could adhere to treatment and regular follow-up. These patients were randomly allocated to receive either sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT group, n = 56) or medical treatment (Control group, n = 56). To evaluate the clinical efficacy by side effects which were registered, symptom and medication scores which were assessed and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) which was completed in the baseline and two years after treatment. RESULT: Dropouts after the 2 years' treatment were 5 of SLIT group and 4 of Control group respectively. SLIT group induced the significant reductions on both the symptom scores (7.81 ± 3.14 to 3.89 ± 2.01, P < 0.0 1) and the medication scores (2.86 ± 0.75 to 0.44 ± 0.06, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, Control group induced the reductions on both the symptom scores (8.01 ± 3.32 to 5.20 ± 2.43) and the medication scores (2.95 ± 0.80 to 1.75 ± 0.40). There were significant differences (P< 0. 01) in symptom and medication scores between the two groups after 2-year treatment. The patients in SLIT group had fewer symptoms and lower intake of medication. There were statistically significant differences in RQLQ between SLIT group [19 (15,22)] and Control group [36 (26,47)] after two years treatment (Z = -5. 21, P < 0.01). SLIT group also had significant improvement in RQLQ (Z = -6.10, P < 0.01) between before and after the treatment. There were 4 patients who showed adverse reactions in SLIT group (3 occurred in increment period, and 1 occurred in the maintenance period). The incidence of adverse reactions was 7.14%. No severe systemic side effects were registered. CONCLUSION SLIT with standardized dermatophagoides farinae drops in China is safe and effective to patients with allergic rhinitis.
Administration, Sublingual ; Adult ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; immunology ; China ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; drug therapy ; Sublingual Immunotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: Bone tissue engineering plays a very important role in the repair of bone defects, which can deliver bioactive substances, promote bone tissue growth and repair bone defects. Bone scaffolds act as one of the three elements of bone tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology can achieve individualized bone tissue repair through customized artificial bone preparation.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biological characteristics of several commonly used bone tissue engineering scaffolds and to explore the application of 3D printing technique in the construction of bone tissue engineering scaffolds.METHODS: The literatures of PubMed and Wanfang database related to bone tissue engineering scaffold materials and 3D printing technology were retrieved from 2005 to 2016. The Keywords were tissue engineering scaffold, bone defects,polymer materials, bioceramics, metal materials, composite materials, 3D printing in English and Chinese, respectively,which would appear simultaneously in title and abstract. Repetitive articles were excluded and finally 65 articles were included in result analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The commonly used bone tissue engineering scaffold materials include polymer materials (natural and macromolecule polymeric materials), bioceramics, and metal materials. According to the characteristics of the materials, composite materials made of different materials can compensate for the shortcomings of a single material, and then developed into new tissue engineering scaffold materials. For the tissue engineering bone production, 3D printing technologies include melt deposition technology, selective laser sintering technology, low temperature deposition manufacturing technology, and etc. When the 3D printing technology is used to prepare a bone tissue engineering scaffold, the use of powder or adhesive must have limited conditions, such as flowability, stability and wettability. Powder materials used for 3D printing can be divided into synthetic polymers, natural macromolecules,bioceramics and their mixtures, with different advantages and disadvantages. Ultimately, the bone engineering scaffolds produced by 3D printing technology have unique advantages in mechanics, structure and individuality, and have wide application prospect in the manufacture of bone scaffolds.

Objective To collect the incidence and distribution of congenital malformations ,find monitor-ing and preventive measures,to provide a basis for reasonable allocation of health resources for clinical depart-ments. Methods According to The International Classification of Diseases(ICD-10)chapter 17 encoding table, we analyze our hospital′s cases from January 2003 to December 2010 in order to understand the incidence of con-genital malformations of every system. Results Top five diseases are:cleft palate deformity ,genital malforma-tion,congenital heart disease and digestive system malformation in equal third place,and facial deformity. The age ranged from 1d to 35 y,men more than women. Conclusions The key to effectively reduce the incidence of con-genital malformation is strictly implement the three-level intervention mechanism. Prevention ,early detection and early treatment will improve the patient′s quality of life.

Objective To analyze the protective effects ofbutylphthalide(NBP) on apoptosis factors (p-JNK,Fas and FasL) of death receptor pathway in JNK pathway of cell model of Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis model induced by MPP + was established in vitro.The cells were divided into four groups:normal control group,SHSYSY cells were treated with complete medium without drug intervention;MPP+ group,1 mmol·L-1 MPP+ was added into the cells;NBP+ MPP+ group,the cells were pretreated with 10 mol·L-1 NBP for 3 h and added with 1 mmol·L-1 MPP+;SP600125 + MPP+ group,the cells were cultured with 10 mol·L-1 JNK inhibitor SP600125 pretreatment for 3 h and 1 mmol·L-1 MPP+ was added.The proliferative potentiality of SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP+ was measured by MTT.The apoptotic rate was analyzed by Annexin-V/PI (FCM).The morphology of SH-SY5Y cells was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope.The expression of apoptotic protein p-JNK,Fas,FasL was detected by Western blotting.Results The cell proliferative potentiality in the MPP+ group (49.30 ± 2.07)％ was significantly lower than that of the normal control group (100.00 ±0.00)％ (P ＜ 0.05).The cell proliferative potentiality in NBP + MPP + group and SP600125 + MPP + group were (71.90 ±2.10) ％ and (76.40 ± 2.80) ％,which was significantly higher than that of the MPP + group (P ＜ 0.05).Apoptosis rate in the MPP + group (32.27 ± 2.26) ％ was significantly higher than that of the normal control group (10.63 ± 2.07) ％ (P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rate in the NBP + MPP + group and SP600125 + MPP+ group were (21.13 ± 3.63) ％ and (19.15 ± 2.63) ％,and the apoptosis rate was significantly lower than that in the MPP+ group(P ＜0.05).The protein expression levels of p-JNK,Fas and FasL were significandy lower in NBP + MPP+ group and SP600125 + MPP+ group than that in the MPP+ group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Butylphthalide can protect the injury of SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP+.The mechanism of butylphthalide inhibiting apoptosis may be achieved through regulating p-JNK,Fas and FasL protein expression of death receptor pathway in JNK pathway and inhibiting the cell apoptosis.