Objective To investigate the association of serum adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) with endothelial damages in metabolic syndrome (MS) patients. Methods One-hundred and five patients diagnosed as MS were recruited as cases and 37 subjects without characteristics of MS were recruited as controls. The cases were divided into two groups according to the level of serum von Willebrand factor (vWF) :normal endo-thelial functional MS group (57 patients) and abnormal endothelial functional MS group (48 patients). Serum adi-ponectin concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immanosorbont assay (ELISA). Serum TNF-α concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results The concentration of serum adiponectin in normal subjects (10.5 mg/L [SD:3.2]) was significantly higher than both that of normal endothelial functional MS group (7.9 mg/L [SD :2.2]) and abnormal endothelial functional MS group (6.5 μg/L [SD :2.5]) (P < 0.05). The concen-tration of serum TNF-α in normal subjects(0.17 μg/L [SD :0.04]) were significantly lower than that of normal en-dothelial functional MS group (0.19 μg/L [SD:0.05]) and abnormal endothelial functional MS group (0.23 ng/mi [SD: 0.06]) (P< 0.05). The level of serum adiponectin were negatively correlated with TNF-α(r=- 0.555, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis results showed that high level of TNF-α was a risk factor of endo-thelial damages (OR = 20.649, P = 0.035), whereas high level of serum adiponectin protected against endothelial damages (OR = 0.340,P=0.006). Conclusions Low level of serum adiponectin and high level of serum TNF-α may correlate with endothelial damages in MS patients.

[Objective]To study the biomechanics of the femoral neck on the treatment of ischemic of the femoral head in dogs using titanium alloy cage,single core decompression and normal.[Method]Twenty-one couples of fresh moist dogs ' femur specimens were divided randomly into 3 groups.In 2 groups,biomechanical test of the femoral neck was made on one of every couple in different conditions:core decompression,core decompression with titanium alloy cage implanting.The other of every couple was tested as normal control.In the third group,one of every couple was tested in condition of core decompression with titanium alloy cage implanting.The other of every couple was tested in condition of core decompression.[Result]The stiffness and the max load of the single core decompression were less than that of the normal control.The max load of femoral head after titanium alloy cage implanting were lager than that of the core decompression or the normal control.[Conclusion]The titanium alloy cage implanting could increase mechanical support for femoral neck significantly and prevent femoral neck broken after manipulation.

Objective To detect the mechanism of serum uric acid (UA) in different types of coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods 88 patients were divided into three groups：the control group，stable angina (SA) group and acute coronary syndrom (ACS) group.The levels of UA，alpha-granule membrane protein 140 (GMP-140)，von Willebrand factor(vWF)，plasminogen activator inhabitor typed (PAI-1)，Thromboxane B_2 (TXB_2) and C-reacting protein(CRP) were measured.Results ①UA and CRP in ACS group were higher than that in SA group and control group [(392.1±68.57) μmol/L and (42.2±39.4) mg/L vs (370.50±58.80) μmol/L and (18.9±17.1) mg/L vs (286.00±65.31) μmol/L and (2.5±0.7) mg/L，P＜0.05)].For UA，there was no difference between ACS and SA group(P＞0.05)；CRP was higher in ACS group than in SA group (P＜0.05).②vWF and TXB_2 were higher in ACS[(1.65±0.48)%，(19.73±18.66)ng/L]and SA group[(1.35±0.49)%，(11.18±10.71) ng/L]than in control group[(1.07±0.26)%，(6.46±5.41) ng/L，P＜0.05]，and those were higher in ACS group than in SA group (P＜0.05).③GMP-140 and PAI-1 were higher in ACS [(13.04±0.99) μg/L and (65.65±14.76) μg/L]and SA group[(12.55±0.74) μg/L and (62.69±12.24) μg/L]than in control group [(12.32±0.29) μg/L，(50.78±13.88) μg/L，P＜0.05].There were no differences between ACS and SA group (P＞0.05).④Comparing hyperuricemia group and non-hyperuricemia group in CHD patients：the CRP(71.3±18.9) mg/L，vWF(1.08±0.52) %，GMP-140(13.57±1.11) μg/L，TXB_2 (57.26±47.84)ng/L，PAI-1 (72.12±9.23) μg/L in ACS group possessing hyperuricemia were higher than non-hyperuricemia group [CRP (20.7±17.9) mg/L，vWF (0.84±0.54) %，GMP-140 (13.23±1.07) μg/L，TXB_2 (26.70 + 23.83) ng/L，PAI-1 (61.30±12.07) μg/L](t=7.394，0.008，0.227，7.605，0.421，P＜0.05)；CRP(31.1±18.9)mg/L and TXB2 (21.54±3.90) ng/L in SA group possessing hyperuricemia group were higher than non-hyperuricemia group[(10.9±10.1)mg/L and (5.02±4.93) ng/L，t=0.494，8.669，P＜0.05].Logistic stepwise regression analysis indicated that the related factors with ACS were UA(OR=1.046)，CRP(OR=7.615)，PAI-1(OR=1.301)，PT(OR=0.300)and TG(OR=2.243) (P＜0.05).Conclusions UA is an important risk factor in CHD patients.UA can induce different types of CHD by damaging blood vessel endothelium function，activating platelet，changing coagulation and causing inflammatory.

Objective To investigate the synergistic effects of simulated microgravity and noise on the audito‐ry functions and corti organs in rats .Methods A total of 48 healthy rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12):control group (Group A) ,microgravity only group (Group B) ,noise only group (Group C) and microgravity+noise group (Group D) .The microgravity environment was simulated by suspending the posterior limb using Morey-Holton method .The noise exposure was the simulation of the noise environment in spaceship including steady -state noise (72 ± 2) dB SPL and impulse noise up to 160 dB SPL .The control group was kept in normal conditions without any exposure .Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) ,HE stainings ,immunofluorescence stainings and scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) were tested after 1week and 2 weeks exposure respectively (n=6) .Results The average of ABR threshold shifts of 2 weeks exposure were higher than those of 1 week in each group .Group D showed the highest ABRs (P<0 .01) .The HE stainings showed different degrees of injury in corti organs in all experimental groups ;which Group D being the most serious ,followed by Group C .The results of immunefluorescence in hair cells showed that swelling necrosis was the main damage of cochlear hair cell after 1 week's exposure .The swelling rate of Group D was the highest ,followed by Group C .Nucleus missing in hair cells was observed after 2 weeks'exposure . Group D had the highest missing rate and the main missing of Group B happened in the inner hair cells .SEM showed that the most serious damage of stereociliums in Group D ,followed by Group C ,then Group B .Conclusion The synergistic effects of simulated microgravity and noise lead to significant damage of the auditory function and cochlea Corti organs in rat .

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the upper- arm electronic sphygmomanometer for evaluating the blood pressure in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods Consecutive hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation for coronary angiography were selected, and the application of upper- arm electronic sphygmomanometer and mercury sphygmomanometer of blood pressure were applied and in the process of coronary angiography, the radial artery invasive blood pressure was recorded and the correlation was analyzed. Results Mercury sphygmomanometer and radial artery invasive blood pressure measurement had a good consistency on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure in atrial fibrillation patients, the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Upper- arm electronic sphygmomanometer and radial artery invasive blood pressure measurement had some consistency (pulse rate range, pulse rate of 70-90 beats / min) on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure in atrial fibrillation patients, the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Upper-arm electronic sphygmomanometer and mercury sphygmomanometer had some consistency (pulse rate range, pulse rate of 70-90 beats / min) on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure in atrial fibrillation patients, the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The correlation between mercury sphygmomanometer and radial artery invasive blood pressure measurement were found on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure in atrial fibrillation patients (r=0.71-0.78, P<0.05),which were better than those of upper- arm electronic sphygmomanometer and radial artery invasive blood pressure measurement (r=0.53-0.70, P <0.05). Conclusions The upper- arm electronic sphygmomanometer can be used for the assessment of blood pressure in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Objective]To study the feasibility of Cartilage engineering using fibrin gel and chondrocyte cell sheets.[Methods]rabbit auricular chondrocytes were isolated and cultured to form cell sheets in flasks. The cell sheets were harvested using cell scrapers,and cut into fragments. The two precursor solutions of Fibrin gel were used to suspend the cell sheet fragments and isolated chondrocytes,and then added into the wells of a 48-well plate to form Gelatinous chondroid disc constructs. After in vitro culture, the constructs were implanted into nude mice. After 8 weeks,the constructs were harvested,and the specimens were evaluated using grossly observing, histological and immunohistochemical observation. [Results]Mature cartilage discs were obtained. The histomorphology of the explanted discs appeared non-uniform cartilaginous tissue comprise of regenerated cartilage islands with different size and irregular shape. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that type II collagen highly expressed in the ECM of the cartilage islands. In 1 of the 8 discs,partial ossification was observed.[Conclusion]Fibrin gel is a favourable carrier. Artificial cartilage with stereochemical structure was constructed via combining the fibrin gel and chondrocyte cell sheets.

Objective:To study the surface structure and antibacterial property of Ag-containing coating(AgCC)on casting cobalt chromium alloy(Co-Cr).Methods:Plasma spraying technique was adopted to prepare AgCC on Co-Cr.Scanning electron microsco-py,energy dispersive analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to evaluate the surface properties.The antibacterial effects of AgCC against staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans were examined by film attachment method.Fluorescence microscope was a-dopted to evaluate the bacteria adhesion property.Results:AgCC surface was uniform and compact,combined perfectly with sub-strate material.The content of the surface was mainly Ag,Cr and a small amount of Ag2 O and Cr2 O3 .The results of antibacterial as-say showed that on AgCC the number of bacterial colony was fewer(P<0.05)and bacterial adhesion was less than those on Co-Cr(P<0.05).Conclusion:AgCC surface was stable and has antibacterial property.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among college freshmen in Chaoyang District of Beijing from 2013 to 2015, and to provide evidence for prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools. Methods: The latent tuberculosis infection was identified through a tuberculin purified-protein derivative (TB-PPD) skin test. TB-PPD test results of 65 233 college students in the Chaoyang District during 2013 to 2015 were collected and stored, by using descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Among the 65 233 freshmen, 63 135 were effective PPD test results, 11 754 were PPD positive, 2 720 were PPD strong positive, the LTBI status: the PPD positive rate was 18.62% and the PPD strong positive rate was 4.31%. The positive rate and the strong positive rate in male (19.56%, 4.76%) were higher than that in female(17.87%, 3.95%)(χ2=29.37, 24.29), in ethnic minorities were higher than that in Han Nationality (18.25%,4.16%) and in Tibetans (29.45%, 8.69%) were the highest(χ2=102.01, 70.04), among freshmen from the western region (21.88%, 5.11%)were the highest and from Beijing city (16.25%, 3.46%) were lower (χ2=220.63, 99.03, P<0.01), among those with BCG scar (18.94%, 4.34%) are slightly higher than those without BCG scar(16.96%, 4.08%) (χ2=48.46, 10.43, P<0.01). 19 cases of tuberculosis patients were found, the prevalence rate was 29.13/100 000 (19/65 233), of which 68.42% (13/19) were found through the strong positive for PPD. Among the strong positive students (2 707), there were 1 433(52.94%) who received preventive therapy, and during the follow-up two years, 7 were newly diagnosed with tuberculosis, the annual incidence rate was 129.29/100 000 (7/2 707). Conclusion Freshmen from high-risk areas of tuberculosis are the focus of tuberculosis screening, for which we should continue to carry out PPD screening. Those with latent tuberculosis infection are high-risk groups of tuberculosis, and should be paid more attention in the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools.

BACKGROUND:To seek for ideal scaffold materials is still an important task for cartilage tissue engineering.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application of the AviteneTM microfibrillar collagen hemostat sponge in cartilage tissue engineering.METHODS:Rabbit auricular cartilage was harvested via surgical operation,and primary chondrocytes were isolated and amplified.Microfibrillar collagen hemostat sponge was cut into small bricks.The passage 2 chondrocytes were suspended and seeded onto the spongy bricks.After 1 week of in vitro culture,the constructs were then implanted into nude mice.After 8 weeks,the specimens were collected and evaluated using gross,histological and immunohistochamical observation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During the cell seeding,the scaffold maintained its dimensions.No shrinkage was observed when the cell suspension was added.There was no considerable change in dimensions during the 1-week in vitro culture and at 8 weeks after implantation in nude mice.At 8 weeks post-implantation,mature cartilage blocks were harvested,which were white,translucent,and flexible.Histologically,the constructs appeared to have typical mature cartilaginous tissues,with robust extracellular matrix secretion,in which the microfibrillar collagen was incompletely degraded.We conclude that the microfibrillar collagen is a favorable scaffold material for cartilage tissue engineering.

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