Objective To investigate the association of serum adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) with endothelial damages in metabolic syndrome (MS) patients. Methods One-hundred and five patients diagnosed as MS were recruited as cases and 37 subjects without characteristics of MS were recruited as controls. The cases were divided into two groups according to the level of serum von Willebrand factor (vWF) :normal endo-thelial functional MS group (57 patients) and abnormal endothelial functional MS group (48 patients). Serum adi-ponectin concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immanosorbont assay (ELISA). Serum TNF-α concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results The concentration of serum adiponectin in normal subjects (10.5 mg/L [SD:3.2]) was significantly higher than both that of normal endothelial functional MS group (7.9 mg/L [SD :2.2]) and abnormal endothelial functional MS group (6.5 μg/L [SD :2.5]) (P < 0.05). The concen-tration of serum TNF-α in normal subjects(0.17 μg/L [SD :0.04]) were significantly lower than that of normal en-dothelial functional MS group (0.19 μg/L [SD:0.05]) and abnormal endothelial functional MS group (0.23 ng/mi [SD: 0.06]) (P< 0.05). The level of serum adiponectin were negatively correlated with TNF-α(r=- 0.555, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis results showed that high level of TNF-α was a risk factor of endo-thelial damages (OR = 20.649, P = 0.035), whereas high level of serum adiponectin protected against endothelial damages (OR = 0.340,P=0.006). Conclusions Low level of serum adiponectin and high level of serum TNF-α may correlate with endothelial damages in MS patients.

[Objective]To study the biomechanics of the femoral neck on the treatment of ischemic of the femoral head in dogs using titanium alloy cage,single core decompression and normal.[Method]Twenty-one couples of fresh moist dogs ' femur specimens were divided randomly into 3 groups.In 2 groups,biomechanical test of the femoral neck was made on one of every couple in different conditions:core decompression,core decompression with titanium alloy cage implanting.The other of every couple was tested as normal control.In the third group,one of every couple was tested in condition of core decompression with titanium alloy cage implanting.The other of every couple was tested in condition of core decompression.[Result]The stiffness and the max load of the single core decompression were less than that of the normal control.The max load of femoral head after titanium alloy cage implanting were lager than that of the core decompression or the normal control.[Conclusion]The titanium alloy cage implanting could increase mechanical support for femoral neck significantly and prevent femoral neck broken after manipulation.

Objective To detect the mechanism of serum uric acid (UA) in different types of coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods 88 patients were divided into three groups：the control group，stable angina (SA) group and acute coronary syndrom (ACS) group.The levels of UA，alpha-granule membrane protein 140 (GMP-140)，von Willebrand factor(vWF)，plasminogen activator inhabitor typed (PAI-1)，Thromboxane B_2 (TXB_2) and C-reacting protein(CRP) were measured.Results ①UA and CRP in ACS group were higher than that in SA group and control group [(392.1±68.57) μmol/L and (42.2±39.4) mg/L vs (370.50±58.80) μmol/L and (18.9±17.1) mg/L vs (286.00±65.31) μmol/L and (2.5±0.7) mg/L，P＜0.05)].For UA，there was no difference between ACS and SA group(P＞0.05)；CRP was higher in ACS group than in SA group (P＜0.05).②vWF and TXB_2 were higher in ACS[(1.65±0.48)%，(19.73±18.66)ng/L]and SA group[(1.35±0.49)%，(11.18±10.71) ng/L]than in control group[(1.07±0.26)%，(6.46±5.41) ng/L，P＜0.05]，and those were higher in ACS group than in SA group (P＜0.05).③GMP-140 and PAI-1 were higher in ACS [(13.04±0.99) μg/L and (65.65±14.76) μg/L]and SA group[(12.55±0.74) μg/L and (62.69±12.24) μg/L]than in control group [(12.32±0.29) μg/L，(50.78±13.88) μg/L，P＜0.05].There were no differences between ACS and SA group (P＞0.05).④Comparing hyperuricemia group and non-hyperuricemia group in CHD patients：the CRP(71.3±18.9) mg/L，vWF(1.08±0.52) %，GMP-140(13.57±1.11) μg/L，TXB_2 (57.26±47.84)ng/L，PAI-1 (72.12±9.23) μg/L in ACS group possessing hyperuricemia were higher than non-hyperuricemia group [CRP (20.7±17.9) mg/L，vWF (0.84±0.54) %，GMP-140 (13.23±1.07) μg/L，TXB_2 (26.70 + 23.83) ng/L，PAI-1 (61.30±12.07) μg/L](t=7.394，0.008，0.227，7.605，0.421，P＜0.05)；CRP(31.1±18.9)mg/L and TXB2 (21.54±3.90) ng/L in SA group possessing hyperuricemia group were higher than non-hyperuricemia group[(10.9±10.1)mg/L and (5.02±4.93) ng/L，t=0.494，8.669，P＜0.05].Logistic stepwise regression analysis indicated that the related factors with ACS were UA(OR=1.046)，CRP(OR=7.615)，PAI-1(OR=1.301)，PT(OR=0.300)and TG(OR=2.243) (P＜0.05).Conclusions UA is an important risk factor in CHD patients.UA can induce different types of CHD by damaging blood vessel endothelium function，activating platelet，changing coagulation and causing inflammatory.

Objective To investigate the synergistic effects of simulated microgravity and noise on the audito‐ry functions and corti organs in rats .Methods A total of 48 healthy rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12):control group (Group A) ,microgravity only group (Group B) ,noise only group (Group C) and microgravity+noise group (Group D) .The microgravity environment was simulated by suspending the posterior limb using Morey-Holton method .The noise exposure was the simulation of the noise environment in spaceship including steady -state noise (72 ± 2) dB SPL and impulse noise up to 160 dB SPL .The control group was kept in normal conditions without any exposure .Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) ,HE stainings ,immunofluorescence stainings and scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) were tested after 1week and 2 weeks exposure respectively (n=6) .Results The average of ABR threshold shifts of 2 weeks exposure were higher than those of 1 week in each group .Group D showed the highest ABRs (P<0 .01) .The HE stainings showed different degrees of injury in corti organs in all experimental groups ;which Group D being the most serious ,followed by Group C .The results of immunefluorescence in hair cells showed that swelling necrosis was the main damage of cochlear hair cell after 1 week's exposure .The swelling rate of Group D was the highest ,followed by Group C .Nucleus missing in hair cells was observed after 2 weeks'exposure . Group D had the highest missing rate and the main missing of Group B happened in the inner hair cells .SEM showed that the most serious damage of stereociliums in Group D ,followed by Group C ,then Group B .Conclusion The synergistic effects of simulated microgravity and noise lead to significant damage of the auditory function and cochlea Corti organs in rat .

Objective To describe the distributions of FCGR polymorphisms in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected patients with cryptococcosis,and to investigate the association of FCGR polymorphisms with the susceptibility to cryptococcosis.Methods The distributions of the four functional polymorphisms,including FCGR2A 131H/R,FCGR3A 158F/V,FCGR3B NA1/NA2,and FCGR2B 232I/T were compared between 198 cryptococcosis patients and 190 healthy controls.The polymorphisms distribution patterns were also compared between patients with central nervous system (CNS) infection and those without CNS infection.Genotyping of eight single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in FCGR were performed by multiplex SNaPshot technology using DNA extracted from blood samples.The comparison between patients and controls was performed by chi square test or Fisher exact test.Results Compared to healthy controls,the frequency of FCGR2B 232I/I increased (65％ vs 53％,x2 =4.27,P=0.039,OR=1.652,95％CI:1.02-2.67) and that of FCGR2B 232I/T decreased (27％ vs 40％,x2 =5.77,P=0.016.OR=0.542,95％CI:0.33-0.90) in patients with cryptococcal meningitis.Among immunocompetent patients,the frequency of FCGR2B 232I/I was also over-presented (69％ vs 53％,x2=4.53,P =0.033,OR=1.958,95％CI:1.05-3.66) and the FCGR2B 232I/T genotype was also less frequently observed (24％ vs 40％,x2=5.14,P=0.023,OR=0.467,95％CI:0.24-0.91) compared to healthy controls.There were 117 cases with CNS infection and 81 non-CNS infection cases.The genotype of FCGR2A 131R/Rwas over-presented (19％ vs 6％,x2 =6.48,P=0.011,OR=3.52,95％CI:1.27-9.73) and the FCGR2B 232I/T genotype was under-presented (27 ％ vs 46 ％,x2 =7.56,P =0.006,OR=0.431,95％CI:0.24-0.79) in patients with CNS infection compared with those without CNS infection.Furthermore,the frequency of FCGR2B 232I/I genotypes increased (69％ vs47％,x2 =5.47,P=0.019,OR=2.479,95％CI:1.15-5.34) and the frequency of FCGR2B 232I/T decreased (24％ vs 51％,x2 =8.66,P=0.003,OR=0.307,95％CI:0.14-0.68) in immunocompetent patients with CNS infection compared with those without CNS infection.Conclusions FCGR2A 131H/R and FCGR2B 232I/T are associated with the susceptibility to cryptococcal CNS infection,which suggests that FcγRⅡA and FcγRⅡB may contribute to the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis.

Objective To determine the influence of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor on the blood brain barrier (BBB) transport of amphotericin B (AmB)..Methods An in-vitro BBB model was established with brain capillary endothelia cells (BCEC). AmB was chosen as the test drug and verapamil was chosen as the inhibitor of P-gp.Cellular uptake of AmB at different time points and with series of verapamil concentrations were performed respectively after the determination of appropriate incubation time and drug dosage by the cytotoxicity assay. The AmB concentrations of series of samples were detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. One-way ANOVA analysis and Bonferroni test were used for data analysis.Results The cellular transport of AmB was accumulated as the time prolonged.The inhibitor group had a significant higher cellular uptake levelsof AmBat the time point of 90 min (t=6.753,P=0.001),120 min (t=3.574,P=0.016) and 150 min (t=4.759,P=0.005) as compared with the control group.The AmB cellular uptake level increased significantly when BCEC were incubated with verapamil of 2 μmol/L (P=0.000),5 μmol/L (P=0.014),10 μmol/L (P=0.000),50 μmol/L (P=0.014),75 μmol/L (P=0.000) and 100 tμmol/L (P=0.000),respectively,compared with the control group.Conclusion The P-gp inhibitor verapamil can enhance the cellular uptake of AmB which indicates that P-gp is involved in the BBP transport of AmB.

Objective: To observe the morphological changes on cochlear hair cells of rats in simulated weightlessness and inboard noise and to investigate the different changes in three turns of hair cells.Methods: Thirty-two healthy SD rats, all males, were randomly divided into four groups: control group, weightlessness group, noise group and weightlessness+noise groups (n=8).Then rats were exposed to-30° head down tilt as simulated weightlessness and inboard noise including steady-state noise which was (72±2) dB SPL and impulse noise up to 160 dB SPL in spaceship environment.The control group was kept in normal condition for 8 weeks.Bilateral auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds were tested before and after exposure respectively, and immunofluorescence staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEMs) of basilar membrane were applied after exposure.Results: ABR threshold shifts of each group were higher after exposure.There was difference between ABRs of the experiment groups before and after exposure (P<0.05).IF showed that the inner hair cells (IHCs) missing was the main damage in the basal turn of weightlessness group, the hair cells in the middle turn were swell and in the top turn, the hair cells were not clear.In noise group, the main loss happened in the outer hair cells (OHCs) of the outermost layer.In weightlessness+noise group, the nuclear missing in the basal turn was apparent, and mainly happened at the outermost layer.Meanwhile, the missing of hair cells in the middle turn and top turn was seen at the innermost layer.SEM showed that the cilia in the basal turn of weightlessness group were serious lodging, and occasional absence.Furthermore, the basal cilia in noise group became lodged and absent, and the other two turns were seriously missing.And in weightlessness+noise group, the cilia missing in the basal turn was apparently seen.The damage degree of the four groups: weightlessness+noise group>noise group>weightlessness group>control group and the damage degree of the four turns of hair cells: basal turn>mid turn>top turn.Conclusion: The rats exposed to the above environment for 2 weeks displayed obvious changes in cochlea morphology, and the weightlessness+noise group had the most obvious damage.

The Internet Public Opinion Monitoring and Early Warning System for medical and health industry was designed and implemented due to the frequent occurrence of Internet public opinion, which has all-directional data collecting and analyzing functions, including big data collection, near duplicate detection, spam filtration, key public opinion early warning, region identification and tendency analysis, and can thus provide evidence for relevant departments to take effective measures for the control of Internet public opinion.

BACKGROUND:To seek for ideal scaffold materials is still an important task for cartilage tissue engineering.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application of the AviteneTM microfibrillar collagen hemostat sponge in cartilage tissue engineering.METHODS:Rabbit auricular cartilage was harvested via surgical operation,and primary chondrocytes were isolated and amplified.Microfibrillar collagen hemostat sponge was cut into small bricks.The passage 2 chondrocytes were suspended and seeded onto the spongy bricks.After 1 week of in vitro culture,the constructs were then implanted into nude mice.After 8 weeks,the specimens were collected and evaluated using gross,histological and immunohistochamical observation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During the cell seeding,the scaffold maintained its dimensions.No shrinkage was observed when the cell suspension was added.There was no considerable change in dimensions during the 1-week in vitro culture and at 8 weeks after implantation in nude mice.At 8 weeks post-implantation,mature cartilage blocks were harvested,which were white,translucent,and flexible.Histologically,the constructs appeared to have typical mature cartilaginous tissues,with robust extracellular matrix secretion,in which the microfibrillar collagen was incompletely degraded.We conclude that the microfibrillar collagen is a favorable scaffold material for cartilage tissue engineering.

Objective:To study the surface structure and antibacterial property of Ag-containing coating(AgCC)on casting cobalt chromium alloy(Co-Cr).Methods:Plasma spraying technique was adopted to prepare AgCC on Co-Cr.Scanning electron microsco-py,energy dispersive analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to evaluate the surface properties.The antibacterial effects of AgCC against staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans were examined by film attachment method.Fluorescence microscope was a-dopted to evaluate the bacteria adhesion property.Results:AgCC surface was uniform and compact,combined perfectly with sub-strate material.The content of the surface was mainly Ag,Cr and a small amount of Ag2 O and Cr2 O3 .The results of antibacterial as-say showed that on AgCC the number of bacterial colony was fewer(P<0.05)and bacterial adhesion was less than those on Co-Cr(P<0.05).Conclusion:AgCC surface was stable and has antibacterial property.