Xenopus Paraxial Protocadherin (PAPC), which was initially identified in a screen for genes present in the Spemann organizer of Xenopus embryos, is required for gastrulation, somitogenesis and otic vesicle formation. In order to investigate its function in various developmental events, an antibody was prepared which could specifically recognize Xenopus PAPC. Glutathione S transferase (GST) expression system was used to express the fusion protein GST-PAPC. Rabbits were immunized with GST-PAPC Western blotting analysis of FL-PAPC transfected HEK 293T cells lysates, which could be specifically blocked by pre-adsorption of prokaryotic expressed GST-PAPC fusion protein. Furthermore, by using immunofluorescence analysis the polyclonal antibody recognized membrane-bound PAPC in FL-PAPC transfected 293T cells and Xenopus animal cap cells. By Western blotting analysis,the endogenous 150 ku PAPC protein was detected in Xenopus embryos using the anti-PAPC antibody. Take together it could be concluded that a polyclonal antibody specifically against Xenopus PAPC was developed.

BACKGROUND: The pathological change of femoral head was observed after treating necrosis with core decompression and autogenous iliac bone implantation, expected to obtain a better understanding of the prognosis of autogenous iliac bone implantation method.OBJECTIVE: To explore the curative effect of the ischemic necrosis of femoral head filling the hole of the core decompression with autogenous iliac bone implantation in animal models. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Animal trial observation. The experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of the Guilin Medical University from April 2006 to September 2007.MATERIALS: Nine hybrid adult dogs were prepared for necrosis of femoral head models.METHODS: The ischemic necrosis of femur head was made with the liquid nitrogen in dogs. The rod-shape autogenous cancellous bone that comes from the posterior superior iliac spine was driven into the full depth of the core r decompression tunnel to the subchondral bone. The dogs were divided into 3 groups, 3 dogs in each groups were sacrificed respectively at 3, 6, 12 weeks after operation. Radiograph and histological examination were used to evaluate the results.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histological changes of the femoral head necrosis and bone graft at the weeks 3, 6 and 12.RESULTS: No collapse of femoral head was observed at the 3 weeks after operation. The graft as well as perivascular tissues showed necrosis with empty lacune. Fiber granulation tissues could be seen ingrowth of capillaries and perivascular tissues into the bone graft. At 6 weeks after operation, basophilia blue area and new born osteoblast, cartilage, as well as chondroblasts zone could be found at the surface of bone trabecula. After 12 weeks of operation, new bone formation, representing typical process of "creeping substitution". And the cancellous bone of necrotic femoral head was rebuilt gradually. CONCLUSION: Core decompression combined with implantation of autogenous iliac bone implantation can accelerate femoral head repairing, delay or prevent femoral head from necrosis.

Objective To study the role of adiponectin (ADP)post-conditioning in alleviating myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) in 3-week old rats.Methods SD rats (3-week old) were randomly divided into 4 groups by random digits table (n =6):sham group was processed identically except that the left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) was not ligated;MIRI group was subjected to occlusion of the LAD followed by reperfusion,occlusion for 30 min and reperfusion for 120 min;ADP group was subjected to injection of ADP into femoral vein before reperfusion;LY294002 group (ADP post-conditioning and LY294002) was subjected to injection of ADP and LY294002 into femoral vein before reperfusion.The titer of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),cardiac troponin I(cTnl) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in plasma were observed.The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD)and MDA in myocardial tissue were observed.Results The levels of LDH,cTnI and MDA in plasma of MIRI group was (732.11 ± 111.29) IU/L,(38.05 ± 6.17) g/L and (4.49 ± 0.17) nmol/L,respectively,compared with sham group,the levels of LDH,cTnI and MDA in plasma of MIRI group increased obviously(all P ＜ 0.05);the levels of LDH,cTnI and MDA in plasma of ADP group were (581.72 ± 68.41) IU/L,(20.70 ± 5.43) g/L and (3.10 ± 0.20) nmol/L,respectively;compared with MIRI group,the levels of LDH,cTnⅠ and MDA in plasma of ADP group declined significantly (all P ＜0.05);the levels of LDH,cTnI and MDA in plasma of LY294002 group were (701.10 ±99.59) IU/L,(33.13 ± 4.32) g/L and (4.19 ± 0.46) nmol/L,compared with ADP group,the levels of LDH,cTnI and MDA in plasma of group LY294002 increased remarkably (t =2.477,1.804,2.961,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with sham group,the SOD level decreased and the MDA level increased in myocardial tissue of MIRI group(all P ＜ 0.05);compared with MIRI group,the SOD level increased and the MDA level decreased in myocardial tissue of ADP group (all P ＜ 0.05);compared with ADP group,the SOD level decreased and the MDA level increased in myocardial tissue of LY294002 group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions ADP postconditioning is perhaps a protective factor for alleviating myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in 3-week-old rats,the protective effect is perherps related to alleviating the damage of the lipid peroxidation by signaling pathway of adiponectin/phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B.

Objective To study the effect of Zusanli and Guanyuan electroacupuncture ( EA) on inflammatory reaction in patients with sepsis. Methods A prospective and randomized trial was carried out in 58 sepsis patients, and the patients were randomly divided into EA group and control group. Patients in both groups were given conventional western medicine treatment, and EA group received EA at acupoints of Zusanli and Guanyuan additionally. The hospitalization time in intensive care unit ( ICU) of the two groups was compared. The changes of serum lactic acid (LA) level and inflammatory indexes including white blood cell and neutrophil count, C- reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and procalcitonin (PCT) of the two groups were observed before and after treatment. Results The hospitalization time in ICU of EA group was less than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . On the seventh day after treatment, the serum LA level of EA group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05) . Inflammatory indexes of EA group were decreased after treatment compared with those before treatment ( P<0.05) , and on seventh day after treatment, the inflammatory indexes of EA group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion EA at acupoints of Zusanli and Guanyuan is effective for the treatment of sepsis through reducing the inflammatory reaction of sepsis patients.

A new urine analysis core module based on high performance 32-bit microprocessor and high precision color sensor was presented. A novel optical structure and a specific circuit were applied to improve measurement precision and temperature was used to compensate for results in this core module. The information of urine test peice, such as all original data and color RGB value, reflectivity, semi-quantitative level, etc. can be output. The results showed that the measuring precision was about 95% or above with ideal stability and reliability using this presented core module, which can be conveniently applied in various urine analyzers, and can greatly decrease the cost of urine analyzers in development and production.
Color ; Equipment Design ; Microcomputers ; Reproducibility of Results ; Temperature ; Urinalysis ; instrumentation ; methods

Objective To investigate the distribution of genotypes in chronic HBV infection (CHB) and acute HBV infection (AHB) patients in Shanghai. Methods Sixty-two patients with AHB and 73 patients with CHB admitted to ('hanghai Hospital of Shanghai between 2003 and 2007 were studied. Viral genotypes of all the patients were determined by direct gene sequencing.Meanwhile, epidemiological, clinical and biochemical parameters of all patients were collected. Mean values of different groups were compared by t test while frequency was compared by chi square test. Results The major prevalent genotypes in both AHB and CHB patients were genotype B and C (48.4% vs 51.6% in AHB patients and 26.0% vs 74.0% in CHB patients). The proportion of genotype B was higher in AHB patients compared to CHB patients (P= 0.02). Epidemiological factors and clinical outcomes were not statistically different among patients with different viral genotypes. The proportion of genotype C was much higher in CHB patients compared to AHB patients (P=0.006). The main transmission route of AHB was heterosexual interaction which was 18 out of 62 (29.0%), but in CHB patients, it was prenatal transmission which was 38 out of 73 (52.1%). Conclusions In shanghai, the main HBV genotypes in both AHB and CHB patients are genotype B and C. The proportion of genotype B is relatively high in AHB patients while proportion of genotype C is more common in CHB patients. There is no significant relationship between genotypes and the clinical outcomes of AI-IB patients.

Objective: To observe the morphological changes on cochlear hair cells of rats in simulated weightlessness and inboard noise and to investigate the different changes in three turns of hair cells.Methods: Thirty-two healthy SD rats, all males, were randomly divided into four groups: control group, weightlessness group, noise group and weightlessness+noise groups (n=8).Then rats were exposed to-30° head down tilt as simulated weightlessness and inboard noise including steady-state noise which was (72±2) dB SPL and impulse noise up to 160 dB SPL in spaceship environment.The control group was kept in normal condition for 8 weeks.Bilateral auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds were tested before and after exposure respectively, and immunofluorescence staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEMs) of basilar membrane were applied after exposure.Results: ABR threshold shifts of each group were higher after exposure.There was difference between ABRs of the experiment groups before and after exposure (P<0.05).IF showed that the inner hair cells (IHCs) missing was the main damage in the basal turn of weightlessness group, the hair cells in the middle turn were swell and in the top turn, the hair cells were not clear.In noise group, the main loss happened in the outer hair cells (OHCs) of the outermost layer.In weightlessness+noise group, the nuclear missing in the basal turn was apparent, and mainly happened at the outermost layer.Meanwhile, the missing of hair cells in the middle turn and top turn was seen at the innermost layer.SEM showed that the cilia in the basal turn of weightlessness group were serious lodging, and occasional absence.Furthermore, the basal cilia in noise group became lodged and absent, and the other two turns were seriously missing.And in weightlessness+noise group, the cilia missing in the basal turn was apparently seen.The damage degree of the four groups: weightlessness+noise group>noise group>weightlessness group>control group and the damage degree of the four turns of hair cells: basal turn>mid turn>top turn.Conclusion: The rats exposed to the above environment for 2 weeks displayed obvious changes in cochlea morphology, and the weightlessness+noise group had the most obvious damage.

Objective To evaluate the changes of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and vascular endo-thelial growth factor(VEGF) in infectious and autoimmunity diseaases. Methods The growth factors were measured by ELISA in 149 patients for seven times in different periods,and the levels and duration were compared. Results PDGF was (6.32±2.54) μg/ml and (2.57±1.65) μg/ml (P<0.05), and VEGF was (179.5±53.30) ng/ml and (221.4±70.04) ng/ml(P<0.05) in the two groups before treatment;There was statistical significance in dif-ferent time points between groups and within groups for PDGF(P<0.05) and significant difference for time chan-ging to the peak and changed duration between two groups for VEGF(P<0.05). For the two groups,the peak time of PDGF were (2.6±1.1) and (5.4±3.3) days;The peak time of VEGF were (2.4±0.7) and (7.2±3.3) days respectively(P<0.05 for each). However in the two groups, the change duration were (6.7±3.1) and (15.4±6.1) days for PDGF and (8.1±3.4) and (16.7±7.2) days for VEGF (P<0.05 for each). Conclu-sions There is significant difference for serum levels of PDGF and VEGF and the level change duration as well in the two groups, which maybe correlated with inflammatory nature and outcome.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the risk factors of adverse reaction in children induced by Azithromycin for injection. METHODS:Data and medication of 428 children used Azithromycin for injection were retrospectively collected,and logistic re-gression method was used to analyze the risk factors of adverse reactions that likely to occur. RESULTS:In the 428 children,98 re-ported adverse reactions with incidence of 22.9%,among which,53 showed gastrointestinal adverse reactions (12.4%),22 showed pain in injection site(5.1%),12 showed phlebitis(2.8%),4 showed pruritus(0.9%),2 showed rash(0.5%),3 showed liver function abnormalities(0.7%),1 showed thrombocytopenia(0.2%)and 1 showed drowsiness(0.2%). According to adverse reactions diagnostic criteria,24 were sure,23 were very likely and 51 were possible. Logistic regression analysis showed younger age [OR=0.811,95% CI(0.754,0.842),P=0.000] and long duration [OR=0.1.357,95% CI(1.212,1.519),P=0.000] might the rick factors that caused adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS:Younger age and long duration are the possible rick factors that caused adverse reactions in children after intravenous administration of azithromycin,close observation and controlling duration should be noticed to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in children medication.