Objective To explore a kind of comfortable medical for ervical plexus anesthesia auxiliary anesthesia .Methods 80 thyroidectomy female patients were randomly divided into normal saline group (group A) ,droperidol-fentanyl group (group B) ,bu-torphanol group (group C) ,dex group (group D) ,20 cases in each group .The change of systolic blood pressure (SBP) ,diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ,heart rate (HR) ,blood oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) ,narcotrend index (NTI) were monitored .The above pa-rameters were recorded at 10 min before cervical plexus(T0 ) ,cervical plexus operation(T1 ) ,skin incision(T2 ) ,separation of thyroid upper extreme(T3 )and suture(T4 ) .Results There was no significant difference between the groups A and B at the same time point (P>0 .05) .In group C ,the SBP、DBP、HR at T3 and T4 were significant higher than at T0 ,and at the same point the A and B group decreased statistically significant (P<0 .05) .In group D ,the SBP、DBP、HR at T2 、T3 、T4 were significant lower than at T1 ,espe-cially at T4 compared to at T0 (P<0 .05) .Compared to group A ,B ,C ,the SBP、DBP、HR in group D were lower at T3 and T4(P<0 .05) .NTI in group D at T1 、T2 had significant difference compared with group A and B (P<0 .05) ,especially at T3 、T4 were sta-tistically significant than the other three groups(P<0 .05) ,sedation was better than the other groups .Conclusion Cervical plexus block supplemented by dex can reduce the patient′s stress response and reach moderate sedation analgesia to comfortable medical purposes .

Objective To observe the adhesion of MC3T3-EI osteoblastic progenitor cells to the three-dimensional chitosan-decellularised-derma scaffolds,and evaluate the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds.Method The threedimensional chitosan-decellularised-derma scaffolds were prepared by the freeze-dtying method,the porosity,density and water absorption of which were measured.The microscopic morphology of the composite scaffolds was analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The MC3T3-E1 cells cultivated in vitro were seeded onto the composite scaffolds,and then co-cultured for 2,3,4 and 5 hours.At each time point,three specimens from each matrix were taken to determine the cell-adhesion rate and the best time of the cell-adhesion.The cells were seeded onto the composite scaffolds,and then co-cultured for 1,3,5,7,9,11 and 13 days.The MC3T3-E1 cells inside were evaluated with MTS test.The cell morphology was observed by the histological staining.The compression tests were performed using a Universal Testing Machine,at room temperature,as compared with no-cell-scaffolds.Results The three-dimensional chitosan-decellularised-derma scaffolds have high interval poroslty with the porosity(92.8%),the density(0.09796 g/ml)and the water absorption(2169±100)%.The cytocompatibility test shows that the seeded MC3T3-E1 cells can adhere to the scaffolds and proliferate.Conclusions The three-dimensional chitosan-decellularised-derma scaffolds have high interval porosity with the welldistributed diameter.The MC3T3-E1 cells are easy to adhere the scaffolds and proliferate which shows that the scaffolds have a good cytocompatibility.

Objective To study the effects of early mechanical strain magnitude on formation and differentiation of osteoclasts. Methods RAW 264.7 cells induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factors and osteoclast differentiation factors were subjected to 0, 1 000, 1 500, 2 000, 2 500 and 5 000 με mechanical straining for three days. The morphological changes, number of osteoclasts and proliferation of precursor cells were determined at day 7. The activity of the tartrate-reaistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in the culture medium was detected at days 4 and 7. Results The number of osteoclasts was decreased in 2 500 με group, while it was increased in 5 000 με group. The proliferation of precursor cells was increased in 2 000 and 2 500 με group, while it was decreased significantly in 5 000 με group. There was no significant difference in the number of osteoclasts and proliferation of precursor cells among 1 000 με group, 1 500 με group and 0 με group. The activity of TRAP was decreased in 1 000, 1 500, 2 000, 2500 and 5 000 με groups at days 4 and 7 when compared with με group. Conclusions Early mechanical straining plays a direct role in formation and differentiation of osteoclasts. The high strain magnitude within physiological load inhibits osteoclast formation, while high strain magnitude beyond physiological load stimulates osteoclast formation. Low strain magnitude has nearly no impact on formation of osteoclasts. Early mechanical straining may inhibit differentiation of osteoclasts.

Objective To analyze the change of healthcare quality after the Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)payment system reform and provide evidence for improving payment system reform in China.Methods It collected discharge records of hospitalized patients with employee basic medical insurance scheme in first DIP pilot hospitals of a city from July 2017 to June 2021.It included three death-related measures and two readmission-related mea-sures,which were all risk-adjusted considering the patient mix.It used t test to compare their differences before and after the DIP reform in July 2019.Results After the risk-adjustment,mortality rate of surgical patients,mortality rate of patients in low-risk DIP groups,all-cause readmission rate within 30 days after discharge and readmission rate with the same principal diagnosis within 30 days after discharge declined 0.06 percentage points(P=0.031),0.15 percentage points(P=0.001),0.47 percentage points(P＜0.001)and 0.72 percentage points(P＜0.001),respectively.Conclusion No current evidences indicated negative impacts of the DIP payment reform on the quality of healthcare in the city.Case-based payment pilot cities should closely monitor the change of healthcare quality after the reform.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term health-related quality of life (QOL) in pediatric patients with acute leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and to analyze potential influence factors.Methods:Patients with acute leukemia aging 8-18 years who received HSCT in the Hematology Oncology Center of Beijing Children′s Hospital from June 2009 to June 2012 with more than 80 months survival postoperatively were recruited.All of them were subjected to a short-term QOL survey in 2013.PedsQL? Transplantation Module 3.0 in Chinese mandarin version was completed.QOL data and influence factors were analyzed.Results:Forty-one patients completed the questionnaires, involving 32 males and 9 females with the mean age of(14.29±2.72) years.The mean scores of overall long-term QOL after HSCT were above 75 (total scores: 100), which was above the average.The age, disease status before transplantation, donor sources, post-transplant complications and the parental education level were the influential factors for the long-term QOL in pediatric patients with acute leukemia at post-HSCT, which could affect a certain dimension in QOL.Conclusions:The overall long-term QOL of pediatric patients with acute leukemia who survived for more than 80 months at post-HSCT is acceptable, which is significantly better than the short-term QOL after 4 months of HSCT.The age, disease status before transplantation, donor sources, post-transplant complications and the education level of parents could affect a certain dimension of QOL.

Objective:To develop a three-dimensional body image stimuli suitable for middle-aged people in China, and verify the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli.Method:According to China and World Health Organization body mass index classification standards of adults, a set of three-dimensional body image stimuli of Chinese middle-aged males and females with different body size was developed by using 3D Studio Max and Adobe Photoshop CC based on the literature and expert consultation method. Forty-two 45- and 59-year-old middle-aged people in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province were recruited to verify the three-dimensional body image stimuli. Through questionnaire survey and physical examination, the coincidence between the selected body type and the actual body type was tested; the body composition was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA), and the structure validity of the image was tested; the body size satisfaction was investigated by the body image stimuli and the standard questionnaire, and the empirical validity of the image was tested. The repeated survey was conducted 14 days after the initial survey, and three experts were invited to score the current somatotype of the subjects to test the test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability of the body image stimuli. Pearson, Spearman, Kendall correlation and Kappa consistency analysis were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli.Results:The average age of 42 subjects was 52.7 years old, including 13 males and 29 females. A group of three-dimensional body image stimuli of middle-aged men and women were developed, and each group included 8 images. 73.8% of the subjects chose the body size consistent with the actual body type, and the weighted Kappa coefficient was 0.755 ( P<0.01). The selected somatotype was positively correlated with body weight and body composition indexes such as fat content, and the Pearson correlation coefficient of construct validity was 0.623-0.717 ( P<0.05). The results of the two surveys were positively correlated, and the Spearman correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.784-0.821 ( P<0.05). The scores of the three experts on the current somatotype of the subjects were positively correlated, and the Kendall correlation coefficient of inter-rater reliability was 0.818-0.878 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The development of principle and reference basis of three-dimensional body image stimuli of middle-aged people is reliable, and the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli are good.

The present research work primarily investigated whether spinosin has the potential of improving the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) driven by β-amyloid (Aβ) overproduction through impacting the procession of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Wild type mouse Neuro-2a cells (N2a/WT) and N2a stably expressing human APP695 (N2a/APP695) cells were treated with spinosin for 24 h. The levels of APP protein and secreted enzymes closely related to APP procession were examined by western blot analysis. Oxidative stress related proteins, such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were detected by immunofluorescence assay and western blot analysis, respectively. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was analyzed by flow cytometry, the levels of Aβ1-42 were determined by ELISA kit, and Thioflavin T (ThT) assay was used to detect the effect of spinosin on Aβ1-42 aggregation. The results showed that ROS induced the expression of ADAM10 and reduced the expression of BACE1, while spinosin inhibited ROS production by activating Nrf2 and up-regulating the expression of HO-1. Additionally, spinosin reduced Aβ1-42 production by impacting the procession of APP. In addition, spinosin inhibited the aggregation of Aβ1-42. In conclusion, spinosin reduced Aβ1-42 production by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in N2a/WT and N2a/ APP695 cells. Therefore, spinosin is expected to be a promising treatment of AD.

Objective:To develop a three-dimensional body image stimuli suitable for middle-aged people in China, and verify the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli.Method:According to China and World Health Organization body mass index classification standards of adults, a set of three-dimensional body image stimuli of Chinese middle-aged males and females with different body size was developed by using 3D Studio Max and Adobe Photoshop CC based on the literature and expert consultation method. Forty-two 45- and 59-year-old middle-aged people in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province were recruited to verify the three-dimensional body image stimuli. Through questionnaire survey and physical examination, the coincidence between the selected body type and the actual body type was tested; the body composition was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA), and the structure validity of the image was tested; the body size satisfaction was investigated by the body image stimuli and the standard questionnaire, and the empirical validity of the image was tested. The repeated survey was conducted 14 days after the initial survey, and three experts were invited to score the current somatotype of the subjects to test the test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability of the body image stimuli. Pearson, Spearman, Kendall correlation and Kappa consistency analysis were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli.Results:The average age of 42 subjects was 52.7 years old, including 13 males and 29 females. A group of three-dimensional body image stimuli of middle-aged men and women were developed, and each group included 8 images. 73.8% of the subjects chose the body size consistent with the actual body type, and the weighted Kappa coefficient was 0.755 ( P<0.01). The selected somatotype was positively correlated with body weight and body composition indexes such as fat content, and the Pearson correlation coefficient of construct validity was 0.623-0.717 ( P<0.05). The results of the two surveys were positively correlated, and the Spearman correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.784-0.821 ( P<0.05). The scores of the three experts on the current somatotype of the subjects were positively correlated, and the Kendall correlation coefficient of inter-rater reliability was 0.818-0.878 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The development of principle and reference basis of three-dimensional body image stimuli of middle-aged people is reliable, and the validity and reliability of the body image stimuli are good.

Objective To observe the value of anatomical characteristics of femoral intercondylar notch of knee joint for predicting non-contact anterior cruciate ligament tear(NC-ACLT).Methods MRI data of knee joint of 55 patients with NC-ACLT(NC-ACLT group)and 55 controls(control group)were retrospectively analyzed.The parameters of intercondylar notch,including depth,width,depth/width ratio,opening width,opening width index,area and width of the femoral condyle's outer edge at the same level were measured between groups,and the types of intercondylar notch(type A,U and W)were recorded.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to screen the independent impact factors of NC-ACLT.Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn,and the area under the curves(AUC)were calculated to evaluate the efficacy of each intercondylar notch parameter for predicting NC-ACLT.Results The depth and depth/width ratio of intercondylar notch in NC-ACLT group were both higher,while the opening width and opening width index of intercondylar notch in NC-ACLT group were both lower than those in control group(all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the depth of intercondylar notch was an independent impact factors of NC-ACLT(P＜0.05).Taken 29.55 mm in depth of intercondylar notch,1.45 in depth/width ratio of intercondylar notch,21.15 mm in opening width of intercondylar notch and 0.29 in opening width index as the optimal cut-off value,respectively,the sensitivity of the above parameters for predicting NC-ACLT was 74.55％,58.18％,67.27％and 67.27％,the specificity was 69.09％,80.00％,61.82％and 78.18％,and the AUC was 0.720,0.713,0.652 and 0.710,respectively.Conclusion The anatomical characteristics of femoral intercondylar notch of knee joint could be used to predict NC-ACLT.The depth,depth/width ratio,opening width and opening width index of intercondylar notch could be used as predictive indicators.

Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by remodeling periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and other periodontal tissues in response to mechanical loading. The periodontal ligament is the fibrous connective tissue connecting cementum and alveolar bone, which plays an important role in the transmission, absorption and dispersion of supporting teeth and biting force. When orthodontic forces are applied to the teeth, load transfer occurs from the tooth through the periodontal ligament to the alveolar bone. The remodeling of periodontal ligament interacts with the alveolar bone formation and absorption alternately. As the initial factor of orthodontic tooth movement, the stress/strain of periodontal ligament is involved in the process of alveolar bone remodeling and affects the direction and speed of tooth movement. Therefore, the biomechanical properties of the periodontal ligament have received extensive attention. In this paper, the related researches on the structural changes and biomechanical characteristics of the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement were reviewed as well as the researches on the mechanical constitutive model of the periodontal ligament. The mechanical response and biomechanical mechanism of the periodontal ligament were discussed in order to provide a theoretical basis for accurate numerical simulation of orthodontic tooth movement.