The purpose of this study was to investigate STI changes resulting from static and dynamic exercises in boys, 9-10 years old, so as to reveal the effects of physical work of different types and loads on the heart function.Our research showed that the effects of static load and dynamic load on STI in children were different. After dynamic exercise all items of STI changed significantly and PEP/LVET decreased significantly. No PEP change was found after static exercises (50% and 80% max load). Static exercise of 50% max load resulted in no IVCT change, but static exercise of 80% max load resulted in very significant change of IVCT, and the longest recovery period was found afterwards. Thus, 80% static exercise would result in a heavy, transient heart load in children.Our research also showed that the changes of HR?systolic blood pressure?LVET after dynamic load and static load were significantly different indicating that oxygen consumption in heart muscles was higher during dynamic exercise and the effect of dynamic exercise on heart was stronger.

Objective To discuss the value of MR T2 mapping in the research of the biomechanics and function of cartilage of knee joint.Methods Knees of 20 healthy adults before and after jogging and 19 osteoarthritis patients were examined with sagittal 8-echo SE sequence.The T2 value of cartilage was selected and calculated.The T2 values in the superficial and deep cartilage of femoral and tibial joint before and after jogging were compared,so did between the osteoarthritis patients and healthy adults.The source images were sent to the workstation to get T2 mappings.The T2 value of cartilage between before and after jogging was compared with paired-samples t test.The T2 value between superficial and deep cartilage before jogging was compared with independent-samples t test,so did between the osteoarthritis patients and healthy adults.Results The T2 values in the superficial and the deep tibial cartilage were(48.8±6.3)ms,(44.3±5.7)ms before jogging and(43.4±5.0)ms,(40.3±6.1)ms after jogging.The T2 values were significantly different between before and after jogging(t=6.004 and t=5.037,P＜0.05).There was a significant difference between superficial and deep tibial cartilage before jogging(t=3.148,P＜0.01).The T2 Values in the superficial and deep femoral cartilage were(52.1±5.7)ms,(47.7±5.3)ms before jogging and(47.2±4.5)ms,(43.6±4.1)ms after jogging.The T2 values were significantly different between before and after jogging(t=6.169 and t=5.957,P＜0.05).There was a significant difference between superficial and deep femoral cartilage before jogging(t=3.384,P＜0.01).The T2 mapping showed those changes.The mean T2 value in the tibial cartilage of osteoarthritis patients was(56.0±9.1)ms and was higher than that of healthy adults.There was a significent difference between osteoarthritis patients and healthy adults(t=-3.446,P＜0.01).Conclusion T2 mapping can be used in the research of biomechanics and function of cartilage and has a prelimilary value in the diagnosis of cartilage degeneration.

Objective To explore the MRI features of pelvic endometriosis outside the ovary.Methods 13 patients with pelvic endometriosis outside the ovary were imaged.Their clinical and imaging data were reviewed retrospectively.All cases were con-firmed by pathology.An enhanced MR using T1 WI sequence both in sagittal and transverse position was performed after T2 WI fat-suppression sequence and T1 WI sequence.Our MRI study was focused on the distribution of lesions locating in the deep pelvic cavity and abdominal wall,and the features of MRI signals .Results 13 lesions were found,in which 4 lesions located in the rectouterine pouch of Douglas,2 cases the bladder wall,2 cases the unilateral cystic inlet of ureter,1 case the anal canal wall,and 4 cases the ab-dominal wall.10(10/13)lesions were shown as solid nodules while 3(3/13)lesions as cyst-solid ones.All lesions showed moderate-ly heterogeneous enhancement.Conclusion Pelvic endometriosis outside the ovary mainly shows solid or cyst-solid lesions that lo-cates in the urinary,uterus,rectal wall and spaces around them.MR images show a higher value for the detection of the lesions out-side the ovary.

Objective To research the effect of pure interbody fusion and interbody cage fusion under minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion treat to single segment of lumbar disc herniation,analysis clinical value the two methods.Methods A total of 61 cases single segment lumbar disc herniation were treated with MIS-TLIF surgery,were divided into pure interbody fusion group (group A) and interbody fusion Cage group (group B) according to different fusion methods.Operative time,blood loss and postoperative drainage were recorded in two groups,the clinical efficacy were tested by using of visual analogue score (VAS),Japanese Orthopedic Association scores (JOA),Oswestry disability index (ODI) score and Macnab standard,the interbody fusion ability were evaluated by power lumbar X-ray film and CT 3D reconstruction.Results The gender,age,disease duration and disease segments in two gracps were not found statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).Also,two groups of patients,blood loss,postoperative drainage has no significant difference (P＞0.05).After the operation,the VAS score,ODI score,JOA score and Macnab criteria,the last follow-up of intervertebral fusion rate in in tuo groups were not found statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).While the operative time,postoperative disc height changes were found significant difference between two groups (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion MIS-TLIF simple fusion for lumbar disc herniation will be available with equal clinical efficacy fusion rate compared with cage fusion.

Objective:To establish a hypergravity loading model with a high-acceleration centrifugal loading device and to investigate the effects of different hypergravity loading and icariin on osteoblast adhesion and cytoskeleton.Methods:MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded in the dishes of cell culture at a density of 2×10 5/cm 2. And the experiment was divided into 6 groups: control group (without icariin and loading); simple administration group (only icariin); 10 G loading group (only loading); 10 G administration group (with icariin and loading); 40 G loading group (only loading); 40 G administration group (with icariin and loading). The experimental loading group was loaded with MC3T3-E1 cells using a high-acceleration centrifugal loader. And continuous loading for 3 d, 30 min per d. The control group and the simple administration group were exposed to normal gravity, and the remaining conditions were not different from the experimental group. Icariin was used at a concentration of 10 -7 mol/L in all administration groups, and the experiments were carried out according to the method of preventive administration. At the same time, the related molecular biological techniques such as alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement, CCK-8 cell proliferation experiment, cytoskeleton phalloidin staining, qPCR and Western Blot were used to detect the effects of icariin on osteoblasts adhesion protein integrin α5 and integrin β1 and cytoskeleton protein F-actin under hypergravity extreme mechanical environment. Results:All models were successfully prepared. The alizarin red staining: The icariin could significantly promote the formation of osteoblastic calcified nodules. And the 10 G loading could also promote the mineralization of osteoblasts and increase the number of mineralized nodules, while the mineralization and the number of mineralized nodules of osteoblasts are significantly reduced in 40 G loading. ALP activity test: The OD values of simple administration group, 10 G loading group and 40 G loading group were 0.246, 0.331 and 0.163, respectively. Compared with 0.207 in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The 10 G administration group and the 40 G administration group were 0.373 and 0.180, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of CCK-8 proliferation experiments: The OD value of simple administration group were 0.650, which was statistically significant compared with 0.551 of control group ( P=0.031). The 10 G loading group and 40 G loading group were 1.193 and 0.245, and their differences with the control group were both statistically significant ( P<0.05). The OD value of 10G administration group and the 40 G administration group were 1.300 and 0.310, which were significantly different from the respective loading groups ( P<0.05). Phalloidin staining: 10 G loading significantly increased the number of cells, but the changes in cells morphology and skeleton were not obvious. 40 G loading significantly inhibited the increase of the number of cells, meanwhile, made the pseudopods of cells more shorter and even disappeared. 40 G loading made the seriously damage of the cytoskeleton and even cause the cells to death. Icariin had no effect on the cells morphology, but it did has a certain repair effect after the cells loading. The results of qPCR and Western Blot experiments all confirmed that the expressions of integrin α5, integrin β1 and F-actin were up-regulated after icariin treatment. 10 G loading could promote the expression of integrin α5, integrin β1 and F-actin, and 40 G loading significantly inhibited the expression of the mRNA and proteins. Conclusion:Both 10 G condition and icariin can promote the development, cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton's stability of osteoblasts, while 40 G has a significant inhibitory effect.

OBJECTIVE：To improve the quality standard of Xiangsha hezhong pills. METHODS ：Based on previous quality standard of Xiangsha hezhong pills ，the items of property observation and microscopic identification were revised. TLC identification methods were established for ginger-processed Magnolia officinalis ，Pogostemon cablin and Atractylodes Lancea （stir-fried with earth ）. HPLC methods were adopted for contents determination of hesperidin ，magnolol and honokiol. RESULTS ： The description of the appearance of Xiangsha hezhong pills should be modified to “yellow brown or brown water pill ”. The description of microscopical identification was adjusted slightly. TLC chromatogram of ginger-processed M. officinalis ，P. cablin and Atractylodes Lancea （stir-fried with earth ）all showed the same color spots in the same position as the corresponding substance control or reference medicinal material ，and the negative samples had no interference. The contents determination were performed on Phenomenex Luna C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water （40 ∶ 60，V/V，hesperidin）or acetonitrile- 1％ glacial acetic acid （52∶48，V/V，magnolol and honokiol ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The detection wavelengths were set at 284 nm（hesperidin）or 294 nm（magnolol and honokiol ）. The linear ranges of hesperidin ， magnolol and honokiol were 0.201 8-2.018 μg，0.035 7-0.357 4 μg and 0.028 2-0.282 4 μg（all r＝0.999 9）. The detection limits were 2.0，0.72，0.45 ng；the limits of quantitation were 7.0，2.45，1.61 ng. RSDs of precision ，reproducibility，stability and durability tests were all lower than 3％. The average recoveries were 99.92％，100.49％ and 102.08％（all RSD ＜3％）. CONCLUSIONS ：The study verifies the description of character observation and microscopical identification ，adds TLC identification methods for ginger-processed M. officinalis ，P. cablin and Atractylodes Lancea （stir-fried with earth ）based on previous quality standard of Xiangsha hezhong pills. HPLC methods were adopted to determine the contents of hesperidin ，magnolol and honokiol ，and can effectively improve the quality control standard of the preparation.

Objective To construct a two-dimensional (2D) composite membrane and a three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic scaffold by silk fibroin (SF), type I collagen (Col-I) and hydroxyapatite (HA) blends in vitro, so as to study its physicochemical properties, as well as biocompatibility and explore the feasibility of its application in tissue engineering scaffold materials. Methods 2D composite membranes and 3D scaffolds were prepared by blending SF/Col-I/HA at the bottom of cell culture chamber and low temperature 3D printing combined with vacuum freeze drying. The biocompatibility was evaluated by mechanical property testing, scanning electron microscope and Micro-CT to examine the physicochemical properties of the material, and cell proliferation was detected to evaluate its biocompatibility. Results Stable 2D composite membrane and 3D porous structural scaffolds were obtained by blending and low temperature 3D printing. The mechanical properties were consistent. The pore size, water absorption, porosity and elastic modulus were all in accordance with the requirements of constructing tissue engineering bone. The scaffold was a grid-like white cube with good internal pore connectivity; HA was evenly distributed in the composite membrane, and the cells were attached to the composite membrane in a flat shape; the cells were distributed around pore walls of the scaffold. The shape of the shuttle was fusiform, and the growth and proliferation were good. Conclusions The composite membrane and 3D scaffold prepared by SF/Col-I/HA blending system had better pore connectivity and pore structure, which was beneficial to cell and tissue growth and nutrient transport. Its physicochemical properties and biocompatibility could meet the requirements of bone tissue engineering biomaterials.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of serological indicators and evaluate the diagnostic value of a new established combined serological model on identifying the minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in patients with compensated cirrhosis.Methods:This prospective multicenter study enrolled 263 compensated cirrhotic patients from 23 hospitals in 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China between October 2021 and August 2022. Clinical data and laboratory test results were collected, and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was calculated. Ammonia level was corrected to the upper limit of normal (AMM-ULN) by the baseline blood ammonia measurements/upper limit of the normal reference value. MHE was diagnosed by combined abnormal number connection test-A and abnormal digit symbol test as suggested by Guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. The patients were randomly divided (7∶3) into training set ( n=185) and validation set ( n=78) based on caret package of R language. Logistic regression was used to establish a combined model of MHE diagnosis. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve. The internal verification was carried out by the Bootstrap method ( n=200). AUC comparisons were achieved using the Delong test. Results:In the training set, prevalence of MHE was 37.8% (70/185). There were statistically significant differences in AMM-ULN, albumin, platelet, alkaline phosphatase, international normalized ratio, MELD score and education between non-MHE group and MHE group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that AMM-ULN [odds ratio ( OR)=1.78, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.05-3.14, P=0.038] and MELD score ( OR=1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.20, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for MHE, and the AUC for predicting MHE were 0.663, 0.625, respectively. Compared with the use of blood AMM-ULN and MELD score alone, the AUC of the combined model of AMM-ULN, MELD score and education exhibited better predictive performance in determining the presence of MHE was 0.755, the specificity and sensitivity was 85.2% and 55.7%, respectively. Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve showed that the model had good calibration ( P=0.733). The AUC for internal validation of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.752. In the validation set, the AUC of the combined model for diagnosing MHE was 0.794, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good calibration ( P=0.841). Conclusion:Use of the combined model including AMM-ULN, MELD score and education could improve the predictive efficiency of MHE among patients with compensated cirrhosis.

Objective To study stress relaxation behaviors of cartilage scaffolds under different degradation cycles by using finite element analysis combined with theoretical models. Methods Based on the established degradation theoretical model, the elastic modulus of the scaffold was calculated under different degradation cycles. The finite element model of cartilage scaffolds was established and stress relaxation simulation was performed to analyze the variation of scaffold relaxation stress with time. The stress relaxation constitutive model was established to predict mechanical properties of the scaffold. Results The elastic modulus of cartilage scaffolds at 14 th, 28th, 42nd, 56th day after degradation was 32. 35, 31. 12, 29. 91, 28. 74 kPa, respectively. The upper layer for cartilage scaffolds was the largest. The overall relaxation stress of the scaffold decreased rapidly with time and then tended to be stable. At 8th week after degradation, the stress which the scaffold couldwithstand was still within the physiological load range of the cartilage. The predicted results of the stress relaxation constitutive model were in good agreement with the finite element simulation results. Conclusions The elastic modulus of the scaffold gradually decreases with the increase of degradation time. The longer the degradation period is, the less stress the scaffold can withstand. At the same degradation period, the larger the applied compressive strain, the larger the stress on the scaffold. Both the finite element simulation and stress relaxation constitutive model can effectively predict stress variations of cartilage scaffolds under degradation