AIM:To establish a HPLC method for determining simultaneously gentiopicroside and geniposide in Longdan Xiegan Pill(Radix et rhizoma Gentianae,Fructus Gardeniae,Radix Scutellariae,etc.).METHODS:C_ 18 column(5 ?m,4.6 mm?250 mm)was used.The mobile phase was methanol-water(23∶77).The detecting wavelength and the temperature of column were at 238 nm and at 40 ℃ respectively.RESULTS:The linear detection range of gentiopicroside was 3.03-30.30 ?g/mL(r=1.000 0),and the average recovery was 98.43%(RSD=1.08%).The linear detection range of geniposide was 9.76-97.60 ?g/mL(r=0.999 9),and the average recovery was 99.95%(RSD=0.91%).CONCLUSION:Two ingredients in Longdan Xiegan Pill could be determined simultaneously by this method which is convenient,rapid and accurate.It can be used for quality control in the production of Longdan Xiegan Pill.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the equivalence of preparations of traditional Chinese medicines with decoction and pill as the representative dosage forms so as to lay a foundation for the evaluation of equivalence.METHODS:Taking the contents of gentiopicroside and geniposide and water soluble extractive as indexes to investigate the equivalence between decoction for Longdan xiegan tang and Longdan xiegan pills.RESULTS:Evaluated by the indexes of contents of gentiopicroside and geniposide,the current daily oral dosage of the decoction was 6.39 times superior to the pill;taking water soluble extractive as index,the decoction was 4.02 times superior to the pill.CONCLUSION:To be equivalent to the decoction,the current daily oral dosage of the pill should be increased appropriately.The degree of increase should be based on the final results of pharmacological and clinical studies.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for research & development and application of pill preparation. METHODS: Our understanding on the statement "Pill, Is Sluggish" was come up with, and the pertinetn literature and research results were analyzed and summarized. RESULTS: The statement "Pill, Is Sluggish" is not only the description of the traditional pill's dosage-form characteristic, but also contains the requirement on administration method. It is a relative description. There is also difference in speed of taking effect between different kinds of pills. Its origin contains the factor of dosage as well as the factor of dosage-form; It does not apply to some new type pills. CONCLUSION: The connotation of "Pill, Is Sluggish" is extremely rich, which should be viewed relatively, comprehensively and developmentally so as to continuously enrich and develop the dosage form theory of Chinese materia medica and make pills serve better for the clinic.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between MRI and X-Ray discography findings and pain response at provocative discography in patients with discogenic back pain. Methods Two hundred and fifty-six lumbar intervertebral discs in 93 patients who underwent MRI and X-Ray discography were included in this study. MR images were retrospectively evaluated regarding disc degeneration, endplate abnormalities and high intensity zone. Disc degeneration was graded according to the modified criteria of Pearce, et el. Evaluation of disc morphology was performed with X-Ray discography by using the classification of Adams, et al. Endplates and adjacent bone marrow abnormalities were classified according to Modic,et al. During discography concordant pain was regarded as positive, whereas discordant pain and no pain were regarded as negative. The data were analyzed using the Chi-squnre test. Results There were 116 discs with concordant pain and 140 discs with discordant pain or no pain. Of 256 discs on discography, 17 discs were type Ⅰ17(6.6%),type Ⅱ were 25(9.8%),type Ⅲ were 91(35.5%), type Ⅳ were 77(30.1%) and type Ⅴ were 46(18.0% ). On MR images, discs of grade Ⅰ were 23 (9.0%) ,grade Ⅱ were 34(13.3%), grade Ⅲ were 84(32.8%), grade Ⅳ were 85 (33.2%) and grade Ⅴ were 30(11.7%). There was positive correlation between Pearce graded of MRI and classification of Adams of discography (r=0.62, X2 =160.87,P <0.01).In 123 discs of type Ⅳ to type Ⅴ on discography, 104 discs were with concordant pain. There was positive correlation between type Ⅳ-Ⅴ and concordant pain( r=0.60, X2 = 144.08, P < 0.01). In 115 discs of Ⅳ-Ⅴ grade degeneration, 99 discs presented with concordant pain. There was positive correlation between Ⅳ-Ⅴ grade disc degeneration and concordant作者单位:510120 广州,中山大学附属第二医院放射科 pain(r = 0.59, X2 = 137.11, P <0.01 ). In 60 discs with high intensity zone(HIZ), 52 discs presented with concordant pain. There was positive correlation between HIZ and concordant pain ( r=0.41, X2= 51.93, P <0.01 ). In 58 discs with endplate degeneration, 51 presented with concordant pain. There was positive correlation between Modic degeneration and concordant pain ( r = 0.41, X2= 52.76, P < 0.01 ). Conclusion In patients with chronic low back pain, MR imaging may present moderate to severe disc degeneration, high intensity zone, endplates and adjacent bone marrow abnormalities. MR findings with concordant pain can raise the diagnostic possibility of discogenic lumbar pain. Typical discography findings, fissured or ruptured disc, with concordant pain are important diagnostic evidence for discogenic lumbar pain.

BACKGROUND:Peripheral nerve defect due to limb dysfunction has always been the difficulty faced by the medical profession. Ideal materials and processing technology for constructing a tissue engineering scaffold targeting peripheral nerve repair are stil in research stage. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress in peripheral nerve repair using col agen/silk fibroin nerve conduits. METHODS:In this paper, the first author retrieved the PubMed and CNKI from 2003 to 2016 to search articles regarding methods of constructing artificial nerve scaffolds and selection of raw materials. Data from these articles were col ected, summarized and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Forty-six articles were included for final analysis. Col agen and its degradation products trigger no inflammatory response in the host because of high biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, its use is largely limited by its rapid degradation and poor physical performance. Silk fibroin has a high flexibility and biocompatibility, and exhibits a slow degradation in vivo. As a rapid prototyping technique, three-dimensional printing can print various forms of scaffolds within a short time, characterized as high-quality pore structure and large-scale production. Given these, the col agen/silk fibroin nerve conduit prepared using the three-dimensional printing technology can maintain the biocompatibility and even improve the mechanical properties of the raw materials. Until now, more investigations on nerve repair using col agen or silk fibroin have been done, and we have never stopped improving the production process of these scaffolds. Therefore, the col agen/silk fibroin scaffold prepared using the three-dimensional printing technology is expected to become the main candidate for the repair of peripheral nerve defects.

The debitterizing effect of ternary complexes was appraised and characterization of ternary complexes was made by infrared spectrum (IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The ternary complexes (β-CD/BH/WPI90) of berberine hydrochloride (BH),β-cyclodextrin)β-CD (and whey protein isolate (WPI90) were prepared with adopting coprecipitation preparation. The results showed that the ternary complexesβ-CD/BH/WPI90 can sig-nificantly reduced the bitterness of BH. The content of BH in the ternary complexes was 3.20%. It was concluded that the ternary complexesβ-CD/BH/WPI90 had significant effect in reducing the bitterness of BH. IR and DSC of the ternary complexesβ-CD/BH/WPI90 were different from the simple physical mixture.

Objective To investigate the role of epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (ErbB3) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in enhancing the resistance of Herceptin in human breast cancer.Methods HRG (Heregulin,the ligand of ErbB3) or IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor2,the ligand of IGF1R) was correspondingly added into breast cancer cells SKBR3 and BT474,and then 3-(4,5-dimenthylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and were performed in these cells to evaluate the sensitivity of these cells to Herceptin.Furthermore,we used HRG or IGF2 antibodies to inhibit their joint receptors in Herceptin-resistant breast cancer cells SKBR3/POOL2 and BT474/HR20.Finally,the sensitivity of these treated cells to Herceptin was detected via MTS assay.HRG or IGF2 was added into breast cancer cell BT474,and co-IP assay was used to detect the expressions of ErbB3 and IGF1R which combined with ErbB2.Results The treatment groups used HRG or IGF2 enhanced the resistance of Herceptin in Herceptin-sensitive breast cancer cells.On the other hand,we used antibodies of HRG and IGF2 to block their combining with their receptors in Herceptin-resistant breast cancer cells,the cells became more sensitive to Herceptin.BT474 cell was treated with HRG or IGF2.The expressions of ErbB3 and IGF1R which combined with ErbB2 were increased.Conclusions The formation of heterodimers ErbB2/ErbB3 and ErbB2/IGF1R might enhance the resistance of Herceptin in ErbB2-overexpression human breast cancers.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence and impact of coronary artery disease (CAD) in aged patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection(AD).Methods From January 2008 to December 2011,CAG was routinely performed before aortography and thoracic aortic repair(TEVAR) to determine the prevalence of concomitant CAD in 200 consecutive Stanford type B AD patients who were older than 50 years.All patients received 1 year follow-up.Adverse events were compared between patients with and without concomitant CAD.Data analysis by SPSS 17.0 statistical software,using Student t test,Chi-square test and Fisher exact test.Results CAG showed 53 patients (26.5％) had CAD.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender(OR =4.415,95％ CI:1.131-17.237,P =0.033) and age (OR =1.061,95％ CI:1.017-1.108,P =0.006) were independent predictors of Stanford type BAD coexisted with CAD.Age was also independent predictor of multi-vessel disease(MVD) and/or left main disease(LMD) (OR =1.096,95％ CI:1.009-1.191,P =0.023).At 30-day follow-up,there was no difference in the incidence of adverse events between patients with and without concomitant CAD.Patients with concomitant CAD showed higher incidence of myocardial infarction[3 (5.66％) vs.0(0),P =0.018] and stroke [4 (7.55 ％) vs.1 (0.68 ％),P =0.018].Conclusion The prevalence of CAD in aged patients with Stanford type BAD is relatively high.Concomitant CAD is associated with higher risk of cardio-cerebrovascular ischemic events while dose not increase the risk of adverse aorta related events.

Objective To provide an anatomic evidence for the double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction, the sizes and locations of the attachments of the PCL to the tibia and the femur were measured. Methods We studied 30 cadaveric knees. PCLs were divided into anterolateral and posteromedial bundles to the insertion footprint, and those locations were measured and described. Results The distances from the center of the femoral insertions of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles to the anterior margin of the medial femoral condyle were (8.52±1.81)mm and (11.63±1.81)mm. The vertical distances from the center of the femoral insertions of the double-bundle to the intercondylar roof were (4.67±0.55)mm and (10.32±1.23) mm. The vertical distances from the tibial insertion of the center of the double-bundle to the plane of the tibial articular surface were (8.43±1.21)mm and (14.52±2.31)mm. The distances from the medial margin of the articular cartilage of the tibial plateau to the center of the tibial insertions of double-bundle were (47.44±6.23)mm and (45.95±6.32)mm. The areas of the insertions of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles on the femur were (107.12±15.25)mm~2 and (65.35±10.27)mm~2. The areas of the insertions of the double-bundle on the tibia were (50.07±11.33)mm~2and (51.08±10.22)mm~2. Conclusion The anatomic characteristic of the attachment of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles was revealed, providing anatomical bases for surgery.

This study was ai med to observe the taste-masking effects of Neotame on bitter Chinese herbal ingredients. Five kinds of herbal ingredients, which include Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Cortex Phellodendri chinensis, Coptis chinensis Franch, Gentiana scabra Bunge, Andrographis paniculata, were selected to measure the bitterness degree of decoctions with berberine solution as the benchmark. The decreasing of bitterness degree was used as index. Healthy volunteers were recruited to taste and compare the changes of bitterness of decoctions with the taste-masking effects of Neotame. Different concentrations of Neotame were selected in the determination of the influence on changes of bitterness. The results showed that when the concentration of Neotame was at 0.012 5‰-0.4‰, taste-masking effects of Neotame on selected herbal decoctions were in a concentration-dependent fashion. When the concentration of Neotame was 0.4‰, the reduced bitterness of S. baicalensis Georgi and Cortex P. chinensis decoctions were 1.22 and 1.77, by 70.11% and 71.88%, respectively. Three highly-bitter herbal ingredients C. chinensis Franch, G. scabra Bunge and A . paniculata were also reduced in bitter taste by 49.12%, 50.87% and 38.39%, with the bitter reduced value (△I) of 1.78, 2.02 and 1.43, respectively. It was concluded that Neotame exerted taste masking potential on bitter herbal ingredients with different bitter degrees.