The present study employed UPLC-MS/MS to analyze and identify compounds in the raw powder of Tongluo Shenggu capsules. An HPLC method for the determination of vitexin content was established. The analysis of this drug was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Acquity UPLC® BEH C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm) column, with the mobile phase comprising 0.2% formic acid-methanol flowing at 0.3 mL /min in a gradient elution manner. Mass spectrometry was detected by ESI sources in both positive and negative ion modes for qualitative identification of chemical constituents. 12 flavonoid and 3 stilbenes compounds in the raw powder of Tongluo Shenggu capsules were successfully identified. Additionally, an HPLC method for the determination of vitexin content was established using a XBridge C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase of 0.05% glacial acetic acid in methanol for gradient elution, at a column temperature of 30 °C, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and an injection volume of 20 μL. The method demonstrated good linearity in the concentration range of 10 µg/mL to 40 µg/mL (R=1.000) with an average recovery rate of 96.7%. The establishment of these methods provides a scientific basis for the quality control and development of the raw powder of Tongluo Shenggu capsules.

Angle class Ⅱ malocclusion is often characterized by mandibular retraction and lip incompetence,which affects the patient's lateral appearance and may even lead to upper airway stenosis.It can be classified into dental and skeletal types.For skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion patients with mandibular retraction during the peak growth period,mandibular anterior guidance with a functional orthodontic appliance is generally considered as the optimal clinical treatment approach.At present,there remains a paucity of clinical reports on the clinical application of bracket-free clear aligners in mandibular anterior guidance,both domestically and internationally.This article presented a case of an adolescent patient with skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion accompanied with deep overbite treated with bracket-free clear aligner for mandibular anterior guidance in combination with intermaxillary class Ⅱ traction.During the treatment,vertical correction involved anterior intrusion of the anterior teeth to improve the deep overbite,while horizontal correction included maxillary and mandibular expansion to coordinate the width of the dental arches,and asymmetric anterior guidance was used to correct the midline deviation.After 35 months of treatment,the patient's convex facial profile and mandibular retrusion were significantly improved.The subspinale-nasion-supramentale angle(ANB)was decreased from 6.8° to 3.9°,the overbite and overjet were normalized,and the bilateral canine and molar reached a neutral relationship.The mentolabial sulcus depth(Si-LiPg′)and the soft tissue thickness of pogonion to pogonion(Pm-Pm′)were decreased,resulting in a shallower mentolabial sulcus and a more harmonized lateral facial soft tissue profile.The mandibular incisor to mandibular plane angle(IMPA)was decreased from 116.6° to 110.7°,indicating retraction of the lower incisors during mandibular anterior guidance.In conclusion,the orthodontic strategy of mandibular advancement with clear aligners in skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion patients can avoid excessive overcompensation of the upper and lower anterior teeth and shorten the orthodontic treatment cycle.

Methods: In this study, 267 matched pairs of AIS and controls were recruited. The participants underwent EMG measurements at their first presentation and did not receive any treatment for 6 months at which point they underwent EMG and radiographs. Early curve progression was defined as >5° in Cobb angle at 6 months. The root mean square of the EMG (rms-EMG) signal was recorded with the participants in sitting and back extension. The rms-EMG ratio at the upper end vertebrae, apical vertebrae (AV), and lower end vertebrae (LEV) of the major curve was calculated. Results: The rms-EMG ratio in the scoliosis cohort was high compared with that in the controls (sitting: 1.2±0.3 vs. 1.0±0.1, p<0.01; back extension: 1.1±0.2 vs. 1.0±0.1, p<0.01). An AV rms-EMG ratio in back extension, with a cutoff threshold of ≥1.5 in the major thoracic curve and ≥1.3 in the major lumbar curve, was a risk factor for early curve progression after 6 months without treatment (odds ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.8–5.9; p<0.01). Increases in side deviation (SD) (distance between the AV and the central sacral line) were related to a higher rms-EMG ratio in LEV of the major thoracic curve (baseline: rs=0.2, p=0.03; 6 months: rs=0.3, p<0.01). Conclusions An EMG discrepancy was detected in the scoliosis cohort, which was related to increases in SD in the major thoracic curve. The AV rms-EMG ratio in back extension was correlated with curve progression after 6 months of no treatment.

To develop a medication reminder based on Android platform, which can be used to set up personalized reminders quickly and record the patient' s medication time-stamp and related information. In addition, the effect of using the reminder on medication compliance was studied. 14 subjects participated in the evaluation of medica-tion compliance. The differences of dosage and medication rate between the group using and without using reminder were investigated. The dosage and medication rate were got by the pill counting. The Wilcoxon matched -pairs signed rank test showed that the dosage and the medication rate of the group using reminder were higher than that without using reminder significantly(Z= -2. 93, P =0. 003 ). The results demonstrated that the use of the re-minder can improve the medication dose and rate significantly,indicate that the reminder might be a new technical support for clinical research on medication compliance, and also might reduce the workload for medical staff and patients.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) keeps cell's shape, protects and nourishes cells; it plays a great role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, ECM is very important in cell and tissue engineering. In this study, after primary mouse osteoblasts and fibroblasts maintained at confluence in vitro were removed, their ECM coated on cell culture plate was prepared, and bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP-2) was detected in the osteoblasts ECM. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts cells were seeded on cell culture plates covered with fibroblasts ECM and osteoblasts ECM respectively. The proliferative activity of the cells cultured on fibroblasts ECM was higher than that on osteoblasts ECM and the control group. The alkaline phosphatase activity, relative protein levels of BMP-2 and osteopontin, secreted calcium of the cells cultured on osteoblasts ECM were all the highest. The results indicate that the two different ECMs produced in vitro had different bioactivities, the fibroblasts ECM coated on cell culture plates could accelerate MC3T3-E1 cells proliferation, and the osteoblasts ECM could promote cells osteogenic differentiation.
3T3 Cells ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; metabolism ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Extracellular Matrix ; metabolism ; physiology ; Mice ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Osteopontin ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Seed cell exerting its function is required to depend on the extracellular matrix in tissue engineering, so that biocompatible material is important to be selected. OBJECTIVE: To prepare a novel composite scaffolds of chitosan/collagen/nano-hydroxyapatite (HA-CS/Col/nHAP) and to optimize the technology of tissue engineered-stents according to the circumstances of cell adhesion.METHODS: Chitosan was modified by hyaluronate acid. The structure was observed by differential scanning calorimetry and the Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Three composites of HA-CS/Col/nHAP according to different ratio of chitosan and collagen solution (1: 2; 1: 1 and 2: 1) were prepared. The composite scaffolds were co-cultured with osteoblast MC3T3-E1, and the proliferation and cell growth curve were measured by CCK-8 method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hyaluronic acid and chitosan were crosslinked with amide linkage. Pore size was on the range from 50 μm to 250 μm. Porosity was increased with increased collagen level and elastic modulus, but density was reduced. Increased collagen content was beneficial for cell adhesion and proliferation on stent in the primary phase of cell co-culture. However, from day 10, no significant difference was determined among three samples. At the beginning of cell culture, cells adhered to the airspace insides the composite scaffolds. In the following days, cells grew in a colony manner, and cell-cell junction could be easily observed. These indicate that HA-CS/Col /nHAP composite scaffolds can improve the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast. The ratio of chitosan to collagen volume at 1: 1 was optimal.

Objective To prepare a novel bioactive and degradable scaffold with mineralized collagenpolyose based composite by biomimetic synthesis for bone tissue engineering and explore the compatibility of osteoblast culturing on the scaffold.Methods Using the cross-linking product of collagenⅠ and sodium hyaluronate as the template,the calcium phosphate was deposited on it to produce a mineralized composite.The 3-D porous scaffolds were prepared by liquid phase separation after the mineralized composite combining with polylactic acid (PLA) and NaCl.The materials and scaffolds were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and universal testing machine.In addition,inverted microscope,fluorescence microscope,SEM,Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay were introduced to analyze the growth,function and compatibility(morphology,proliferation and differentiation ) of osteoblast-like cell on the scaffolds.Results The degree of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals in the composite was low and the size was tiny,which were similar to that of nature bone.The SEM micrographs showed that the scaffolds possessed 82% of porosity and the pore size was about 200 μm to 650 μm.Cells on the scaffolds spread well and presented a high proliferation rate and differentiation level.Conclusion The novel scaffolds are simiar to nature cancellous (spongy) bone both on structure and in property and might be used as one of the optimal scaffolds material for bone tissue engineering.

Objective To prospectively evaluate the value of diffusion-weighted imaging with background signal suppression (DWIBS) in the detection and diagnoses of metastatic cervical lymph nodes. Methods Twenty patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas underwent conventional MRI and DWIBS. The ADC values were measured and compared between metastatic and benign lymph nodes. The abilities of DWIBS and conventional MRI in the evaluation of metastatic cervical lymph nodes were compared. Results Conventional MRI demonstrated 101 lymph nodes, in which 58 were diagnosed as metastatic nodes. When MRI criteria were used for discrimination between metastatic and benign nodes, the obtained sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value were 78% (47/60), 81%(44/54), 80% (91/114), 82% (47/57) and 77% (44/57), respectively. The mean ADC values of metastatic nodes (n =60) and benign nodes (n =54) were (0.945 ±0.122) × 10-3 mm2/s and (1. 210 ±0. 151 ) × 10-3 mm2/s ( t = - 10. 354 ,P ＜0. 01 ). When an ADC value of 1. 090 × 10 -3 mm2/s was used as the threshold for discrimination between metastatic and benign nodes, the obtained sensitivity, specificity,accuracy, positive and negative predictive value were 88% (53/60), 80% (43/54), 84% (96/114), 83%(53/64) and 86% (43/50), respectively. Conclusion DWIBS is helpful in diagnosing metastatic cervical lymph nodes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and is superior to conventional MRI in their detection.

Objective To analysis the effect of axial loading to ADC value, FA of lumbar intervetebral discs. Methods Forty five patients with low back pain (age range, 25 to 54 years) were evaluated with MR T2WI, MR T1WI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the lumbar spine. Following axial loading with 40% to 50% body weight for 10 minutes, a repeat DTI was performed. DTI were obtained by using an echo-planar imaging ( EPI ) sequence, TE 89 ms, TR 2500 ms, b value of 400 s/mm2,6 noncollinear diffusion directions. Scan time was approximately 4 min 10 s. An isotropic ADC map, FA map and bo map were calculated from DTI sequence. The mean ADC value, FA prior to and following axialloading were analyzed with t test and Rank Sum test. Results Forty five patients with 225 discs were evaluated and 223 discs were included in the study except for 2 calcified discs. The Pfirrmann grading results were as following: 100 Grade Ⅱ , 48 Grade Ⅲ, 59 Grade Ⅳ, and 16 Grade Ⅴ. No significant difference existed in the mean ADC value before [ ( 1666 ± 252 ) × 10-3 mm2/s ] and after [ ( 1662 ± 253 ) ×10 -3 mm2/s ] axial loading ( Z = - 1.363, P ＞ 0.05 ), but the mean FA [ ( 301 ± 104 ) × 10 -3, ( 316 ±112) × 10-3 ] value increased ( Z = - 2.794, P ＜ 0.05 ). The paired-samples t test show that the mean ADC value [ ( 1685 ± 190) × 10-3 mm2/s, ( 1624 ± 180) × 10-3mm2/s] of Grade Ⅲ discs decreased after axial loading, t=3.513, P＜0. 05, Grade Ⅲ, Ⅳdiscs mean FA value [(300±87) ×10-3, (326±87) ×10-3 for Grade Ⅲ and (348 ±67) × 10-3, (351 ± 71 ) × 10-3 for Grade Ⅳ ] increased, t = - 2. 210,- 2.006, P ＜ 0.05. No significant difference existed in Grade Ⅱ , Ⅳ and Ⅴ discs ADC value, all the P ＞0.05. No significant difference existed in Grade Ⅱ and Ⅴ discs FA value, both the P ＞ 0.05. Conclusions Short time axial loading mainly affect the mildly degenerated discs, the ADC value decreases and the disc diffusion ability decreases. No obvious change in ADC value or disc diffusion ability existed in the normal and severely degenerated discs.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of three dimensional dynamic contrast enhanced MRA(3D DCE MRA)on esophageal and gastric varices compared with endoscopy.Methods From April 2003 to June 2008,153 patients with portal hypertension who underwent both 3D DCE MRA and endoscopy were reviewed retrospectively.All the patients were divided into bleeding group and non-bleeding group according to the clinical symptoms.The location and degree of the esophagogastric varices on 3D DCE MRA were assessed with postprocessing images,including subtraction,MIP and thin-slab maximum intensity projection(thin-MIP),and were compared with the results of endoscopy.The maximum,minimum and mean diameters of esophagogastric varices inside and outside of the wall were measured on the reformed images.The correlation between the findings of 3D DCE MRA and endoscopy were analyzed with Spearman rank correlation coefficient test The rates of esophagogastric varices outside of the wall in bleeding and non-bleeding group were compared by means of Chi-square test Results In bleeding group,severe esophageal varices were documented in 59 patients,moderate in 6 patients,mild in 5 patients;in non-bleeding group,severe esophageal varices were documented in 32 patients,moderate in 4 patients,mild in 5 patients.Severe,moderate,and mild gastric varices were documented in 28,34 and 16 in bleeding group,while they were 7,12 and 9 in non-bleeding group.Esophageal and gastric varices can be wholly presented on MIP images after subtraction,while the esophagogastric varices inside and outside of the wall can be differentiated on thin-MIP images.The location and degree of esophagogastric varices on 3D DCE MRA were correlated with the findings of the endoscopy.The range of r was from 0.544 to 0.878(P＜0.01).In 91 patients with severe esophageal varices,27 patients presented outside esophageal varices in bleeding group(n=59)and 24 patients presented outside esophageal varices in non-bleeding group(n=32).There was a significant difference in ratio of outside esophageal varices between bleeding group and nonbleeding group(X~2=7.199,P＜0.01).In 35 patients with severe gastric varices,22 patients showed adventitial gastric varices in bleeding group(n=28)and 4 patients showed adventitial gastric varices in non-bleeding group(n=7).The ratio of adventitial gastric varices in bleeding group was not significantly different from that of non-bleeding group(P=0.340).Conclusions 3D DCE MRA can display and differentiate the esophagogastric varices both inside and outside of the wall by three dimensional reconstruction.The results of 3D DCE MRA and endoscopy have good correlation.It is of importance in evaluating the esophageal varices outside of the wall,because they may indicate decreased risk of haemorrhage in patients with severe degree of esophageal varices.