Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precursor to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC),and molecular mechanisms of transformation from AK to SCC have been a research hotspot.This review focuses on four aspects of the molecular mechanisms,including chromosomal variation,gene mutations,signaling pathways and other factors,summarizes advances in selective mutations in chromosomes 3p,9p,9q,13q,17p and 17q,heterozygous deletion mutations in chromosome 18q,mutations of p53,p16 and Ras genes,abnormality of the transforming growth factor β1 signaling pathway and Fas/FasL signaling pathway,and aberrant expression of matrix metalloproteinases in the transformation from AK to SCC,which will provide a reference for further researches.

Objective To evaluate the impact of concurrent nursing intervention on the quality of life of gastric cancer patients undergoing radical gastrectomy and their family caregivers. Methods A total of 200 participants undergoing radical gastrectomy in Pancreatic Stomach Surgery Department of one hospital were divided observation group (n=100) and control group (n=100) by random number table method from October 2015 to April 2016. Patients in control group were treated with traditional overall nursing, whereas patients and their family caregivers of observation group received concurrent nursing intervention. Quality of life of patients and their family caregivers was investigated with QLQ-STO22 and QOL Scale-FAMILY respectively when the patients were admitted to hospital and one year after discharged. Results The total score and the score of each dimension of quality of life of patients and their caregivers of two groups had no difference when admitted (P> 0.05). The total score of QLQ-STO22 of observation group was higher than that of the control group [(48.72±13.92) vs. (25.37±5.96)] when one year after discharged with each dimension lower (P<0.05). The total score of QOL Scale-FAMILY of the caregivers of observation group was (255.93±27.79) and (229.17±30.14) for the control group. Scores of dimensions of physical health, mental health, social adaptation of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), but psychological health had no significant difference (P> 0.05). Conclusions Concurrent nursing intervention could improve the quality of life of patients undergoing radical gastrectomy and their family caregivers and should be applied in clinic.