Objective To evaluate the clinical value of epicardial echocardiographic examination in cardiac valve surgery.Methods Epicardial echocardiography were performed in 46 patients undergoing valvular plasty or valvular replacement surgery to estimate the function of valve and left ventricle and residual shunt during cardiac surgery.Results Twelve cases of 46(26.1％)showed abnormality during cardiac surgery.Two cases of 15 patients performed valvuloplasty were changed to valvular replacement because of remarkable regurgitation of native valves.There was 1 case of periprosthetic leakage,3 cases of left atrial appendage thrombus,1 case of patent foramen ovale and 5 cases of low ejection of left ventricle in all 31 cases of valvular replacement.Conclusions Epicardial echocardiograpyc examination is an effective examination in cardiac valve surgery with clearly image,simplicity operation and promptness.

This study is to investigate the effect of compound B2 on the damage of PC12 cells induced by serum deprivation and to explore its related mechanisms. The binding characteristics of B2 to rat striatum adenosine A2A receptor was studied by radioligand 3H-MSX-2 binding assay. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. ROS formation was measured after DCFDA fluorescent staining. B2 has affinity to rat adenosine A2A receptor (K1 = 0.37 micromol x L(-1)). B2 remarkably increased PC12 cell survival rate in serum deprivation-induced PC12 cells. The percentage of serum deprivation-induced death of PC12 was 49.6%, and the treatment of B2 (0.1-100 micromol x L(-1)) increased the cell viability to 63.3%, 74.9%, 86.3% and 88.1%, respectively. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist SCH 58261 could significantly block the protective effect of B2. The cell viability with 0.1 micromol x L(-1) SCH 58261 decreased by 16.1%, 24.0% and 19.8%, in the presence of B2 (0.1-10 micromol x L(-1)). Serum deprivation-induced ROS formation was 3.5 times more than that of control group, and treatment with B2 significantly and dose-dependently inhibited ROS over-formation. The protective effect of B2 may be related with adenosine A2A receptor. Decrease of serum-deprivation induced ROS formation may also be one of the mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the effects of signal pathway inhibitors PD98059 and LY294002 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, expressions of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulared kinase (p-ERK) and phosphorylated protein kinase B ( p-Akt) in endometrial carcinoma xenografts. Methods Human endometrial carcinoma Ishikawa cells were cultured in vitro. The effects of PD98059 and LY294002 on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution of endometrial cancer cells were detected by monotetrazolium ( MTT) assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique. The models of xenografted tumor were established by the subcutaneous inoculation in 24 nude mice, and then they were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 6) , normal saline group, PD98059 group (PD group) , LY294002 group ( LY group) or PD98059 + LY294002 group ( PD + LY group) by intraperitoneal injections, respectively. The anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated by measuring tumor volume and tumor growth status. The histopathological change of tumor specimens was observed using HE staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP-digoxigen in nick and labeling method (TUNEL) testing and the expression levels of p-ERK and p-Akt were detected by immunohistochemistry method. Results ( 1) The proliferation of Ishikawa cells were suppressed after treated by PD98059 and ( or) Y294002, in which A570 values of cells decreased showing both time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner ( LY294002: Fgroup = 9. 801, P = 0. 002; Ftime = 10. 398, P = 0. 001. PD98059: Fgroup= 8. 213, P = 0. 015; Ftime = 6. 839, P = 0. 036). Cell cycle distribution analysis revealed that percentage of Ishikawa cells at G0/G1 phase(Ftime =35.049, P= 0.004; Fgroup = 32. 024, P ＜0. 01) increased and percentage of S phase cells (Ftime = 7. 789, P = 0. 049; Fgroup = 30. 132, P ＜0. 01) decreased significantly. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased significantly among PD group, LY group and PD + LY group, in which there were significant difference [(63. 3 ±0.5)% vs (30. 7 ± 20. 1) % vs(40. 8 ± 1. 3) % ; F = 621. 059, P ＜ 0. 01]. (2) Compared with the control group, the increasing of transplanting tumor volume in the treated groups were obviously ( F = 23. 545 , P ＜ 0. 01) , and the inhibited rate of the tumor was higher in PD + LY group than that in PD group or LY group [(68 ± 9 ) % vs ( 32 ± 16 ) % or ( 38 ± 17 ) % ; F = 10. 283 , P ＜ 0. 05]. ( 3 ) HE staining shown that there were different degrees of necrosis for endometrial carcinoma cell in different groups. The apoptosis of tumor cells were significantly increased in treated groups by TUNEL testing [(13. 7 ± 1. 5)% , ( 14. 1 ± 1. 2)% , (29. 0 ± 1. 8 ) % ; F = 320. 344, P ＜ 0. 01]. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that the expressions of p-ERK and p-Akt in treated groups were lower than that in control group, of which LY + PD group was the lowest one. Conclusion The signal pathway inhibitors PD98059 and LY294002 could inhibit the growth of human endometrial carcinoma in vivo and in vitro, in which may induce cell apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the method of primary culture for endometriotic cells and to find out the differences in morphological manifestations among endometriotic cells and eutopic endometrial cells sampled from patients with endometriosis and endometriosis-free women. METHODS: Endometriotic and eutopic endometrial cells were cultured by modified method of primary culture. The endometriotic cell types were observed and differentiated under optical and electron microscopes. RESULTS: The success rates for culture of eutopic endometrial cells from endometriosis-free women and patients with endometriosis were 91.67% and 93.75% respectively. The success rate for culture of endometriotic cells was 75.00%. The size of endometriotic glandular cells was similar to those of eutopic endometrial glandular cells from endometriosis-free women and patients with endometriosis. The chromatin was manifold and the nucleus was augmented in the endometriotic glandular cells. The endometriotic stromal cells were smaller than the eutopic endometrial stromal cells from endometriosis-free women and patients with endometriosis. Many tiny villi and protuberances on plasma membrane could be seen in the endometriotic stromal cells. CONCLUSION: The success rate for culture of endometriotic cells can be elevated through improving the method of primary culture. The ultrastructures of endometriotic glandular and stromal cells are obviously different from those of eutopic endometrial glandular and stromal cells from endometriosis-free women and patients with endometriosis.

Objective To investigate the impact of preload fasting and meal replacement in patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods A total of 92 subjects with metabolic syndrome were enrolled in the study.They were assigned into the preload fasting group (PFG),the meal replacement group (MRG),and the control group (CG) for 12-weeks intervention.Special dietary with 100 kcal was provided 30 min before each meal in the PFG,and while in the MRG the same dietary was taken just before each meal and the amount of meal was reduced appropriately.The subjects in CG took meals as usual.Body mass index,waist circumference,and insulin resistance were assessed.Satiety situation was investigated by the scale.Results After 12 weeks,improvement were found in fasting insulin(-3.29 mU/L) and waist circumference (-4.04 cm) in the PFG and significant difference was shown compared to the CG (P＜0.05).Satiety index in the PFG was the most significant among the three group.Conclusion Preload fasting is helpful in improving insulin resistance,reducing waist circumference,and enhancing satiety.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3) in the early-stage cervical cancer. Methods Seventy-one patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 92 patients with early-stage cervical cancer who underwent surgery in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from March to October 2010 were enrolled. In the same period, 30 normal cervical specimens from hysterectomy due to uterine fibroids were collected as normal controls. The expression of MEKK3 in all specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry and its clinical significance was analyzed. Theχ2 test was performed on the comparison of count data. Results The positive expression rate of MEKK3 was 13.33％ (4/30) in the normal control group, 28.57％(6/21) in the CINⅠgroup, 38.89％(7/18) in the CINⅡgroup, 56.25％(18/32) in the CIN Ⅲgroup and 70.65％(65/92) in the early-stage cervical cancer group. The differences of positive expression rates of MEKK3 in the normal control group, CIN group and early-stage cervical cancer group had statistical significance (χ2=36.870, P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the positive rates of MEKK3 in the CINⅢ group and early-stage cervical cancer group increased significantly (χ2 values were 12.458 and 30.251, both P<0.005). The positive rate of MEKK3 in the early-stage cervical cancer group was higher than that in the CIN Ⅰ group (χ2=12.964, P<0.005). The expression of MEKK3 in early-stage cervical cancer were related to histopathological differentiation and lymphatic metastasis (χ2 values were 6.832 and 4.404, both P< 0.05) rather than age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histopathological type, tumor diameter and infiltration depth (all P>0.05). Conclusion MEKK3 plays a role in the occurrence, development and prognosis of early-stage cervical cancer, and the detection of MEKK3 may help to assess the degree of early-stage cervical cancer.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of pulmonary inflammation induced by influenza virus , and provide reference for the development of effective drugs for viral pneumonia .Methods An influenza PR8 infection mouse model was established .The levels of inflammatory cytokines and complement molecules were determined using RT -PCR and ELISA.The pathological changes were examined using biopsy .The complement inhibitor cobra venom factor ( CVF) was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 μg/( kg· 24 h) , and then body mass .The survival rate and inflammatory factors were examined .Results Compared with the control group , the expressions of complement regulatory molecule Crry and CD59 were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while those of complement C9 and complement receptor C3aR and C5aR were significantly increased in the lungs of influenza model mice (P<0.01).Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γwere highly expressed , but anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-2 was lowly expressed in serum .Treatment with CVF caused a sight body mass loss, a survival rate increase and a lung index decrease (P <0.05).Moreover, an IL-2 expression increase and a decrease of IL-6, TNF -αand INF-γexpression were observed in CVF treatment mice ( P< 0.05).Conclusion Inhibition of complement activation can increase the survival rate of mice with influenza pneumonia and decrease pulmonary indexes .thus delaying the pathogenesis of PR 8.

OBJECTIVE: To describe tne regional different factors which impact on early cochlear implantation in prelingual deaf children between eastern and western regions of China. METHOD: The charts of 113 children who received the cochlear implantation after 24 months old were reviewed and analyzed. Forty-five of them came from the eastern region (Jiangsu, Zhejiang or Shanghai) while 68 of them came from the western region (Ningxia or Guizhou). Parental interviews were conducted to collect information regarding the factors that impact on early cochlear implantation. Result:Based on the univariate logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) value of universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) was 5. 481, which indicated the correlation of UNHS with early cochlear implantation is significant. There was statistical difference between the 2 groups (P<0. 01). For the financial burden, the OR value was 3. 521(strong correlation) and there was statistical difference between the 2 groups (P<0. 01). For the communication barriers and community location, the OR value was 0. 566 and 1. 128 respectively, and there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups (P>0. 05). The multivariate analysis indicated that the UNHS and financial burden are statistically different between the eastern and western regions (P=0. 00 and 0. 040 respectively). CONCLUSION The UNHS and financial burden are statistically different between the eastern reinforced in the western region. In addition, the government and society should provide powerful policy and more financial support in the western region of China. The innovation of management system is also helpful to the early cochlear implantation.
Child ; China ; Cochlear Implantation ; statistics & numerical data ; Geography ; Hearing Tests ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening

To identify the regulatory region that are responsible for the expression of mPC-1, we have isolated and characterized the mPC-1 gene promoter. Sequence analysis of the mPC-1 5' -flanking region and a series of truncated constructs were performed, which were transiently transfected into the prostate cancer cell lines and non-prostate cancer cell lines and analyzed through Dual-luciferase reporter assay system. The relative activity of mPC-1 gene promoter was by far higher than pGL3-control containing SV40 promoter and enhancer and p61-PSA containing hPSA 6 kb promoter in AR (androgen receptor, AR ) -positive prostate cancer cell lines. The region from 599 bp to 449 bp of mPC-1 promoter might contain a negative regulatory element. The expression of mPC-1 1.1 kb fragment is mainly restricted into prostate cancer cell lines. The relative activity of mPC-1 1.1 kb 5'-flanking region was regulated by androgen. The results demonstrated that the 1.1 kb fragment of mPC-1 5' -flanking region was relatively strong and prostate cancer cell specific promoter region.The 1.1 kb promoter of mPC-1 gene might be well suited to prostate cancer gene therapy if the promoter was properly modified.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of detection of protein SP70 in differentiating benign and malignant pleural effusion.Methods A case-control study was conducted from July 2011 to February 2012.108 cases of pleural effusion from patients with clinically proven lung cancers and 122 cases of benign pleural effusion were collected.SP70 was detected by Sandwich ELISA,while CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for comparison.Meanwhile,protein SP70 on exfoliated cells in pleural effusion was detected by direct immunofluorescence,and was compared with the results of HE staining.The differences between the groups were evaluated by the chisquare test Fisher' s exact test.Results Positive rates of SP70,CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE were 72.2％,58.3％,52.8％ and 30.6％ in malignant pleural effusion,obviously higher than benign pleural effusio (9.8％,13.1％,23.0％ and 19.7％).The specificity of SP70,CEA,CYFRA21-1,NSE were 90.2％,86.9％,77.0％ and 80.3％,NSCLC had significantly higher positive rate than SCLC(74.3％ ＞0.0％,P =0.02 ＜ 0.05),detection of protein SP70 in malignant pleural effusion had significantly higher coincidence rate than HE staining(72.2％ vs 47.2％,x2 =14.03,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Determination of the protein SP70 in pleural effusion and in exfoliated cells,can improve the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion.