Objective To investigate the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of lower extremity varicosis of great saphenous vein in patients with deep vein structure and hemodynamic status.Methods 79 patients with 96 deep lower extremity varicosis were detected deep venous wall and valve echo,lumen morphology,reflux time,reflux velocity and spectrum Doppler imaging by using color Doppler ultrasound,and the results were compared with intravenous X-line angiography,while the patients with normal deep vein were selected as the control group.Results Color Doppler ultrasonography compared with angiography,the completely normal diagnostic accuracy of deep vein was 98.3％,the diagnosis accuracy of simple deep venous valve insufficiency was 91.7％,the diagnostic accuracy of sequela of deep vein thrombosis was 100.0％,the diagnosis accuracy of arteriovenous fistula was 100.0％.The sonographic appearance of 60 deep veins was similar to those of the control group.In the stripping surgery of 60 great saphenous vein,there was no postoperative lower limb swelling,review of ultrasound had no deep venous reflux phenomenon.96 suffered limbs were measured in different parts,different levels of venous reflux.The reflux time of superficial femoral vein valve was the longest,which was (5.92 ± 1.83) s,the reflux rate was (50.28 ± 19.48) cm/s,and the lower leg traffic vein reflux time was the shortest,which was (2.37 ± 1.92) s,the reflux rate was (27.92 ± 17.28) cm/s.Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound has important clinical value for the evaluation of lower extremity varicosis of great saphenous vein in patients with deep vein structure and blood flow.

Objective:To systematically evaluate women's real experience of childbirth trauma.Methods:Qualitative research on women's views and emotional experience of childbirth trauma were retrieved in Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, ClinicalKey, China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP and Wanfang Data. The search time limit was from database building to July 1, 2021. Quality Evaluation Standard for Qualitative Research of Australia Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-based Health Care Center was used to evaluate the article. Meta synthesis was adopted to integrate the results.Results:A total of 12 articles were included. Besides, a total of 10 new categories were formed and 5 synthesis results were integrated, namely, the influencing factors of trauma, physical and psychological dual trauma, lack of control and participation in decision-making, interpersonal relationships and multiple ways to solve problems.Conclusions:Childbirth trauma causes a series of adverse effects on women's physiology and psychology. Hospitals, communities, and families should understand the emotional experience and needs of people with childbirth trauma, give adequate support and guidance, and provide reasonable medical interventions for people with childbirth trauma to protect their physical and psychological health.

Objective:To retrieve and evaluate the evidence on breastfeeding associated nipple pain and trauma management both domestically and internationally, so as to provide reference for clinical practice.Methods:According to the evidence pyramid "6S", all evidence on breastfeeding associated nipple pain and trauma management, including guidelines, evidence summary, best clinical practice manual, systematic review, expert consensus, and randomized controlled trial was retrieved by computer on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) in Australia, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO), medlive and other websites or databases. The retrieval period was from January 1, 2012 to June 1, 2022.Results:A total of 22 articles were included, including 5 guidelines, 3 evidence summaries, 6 systematic reviews, 1 expert consensus and 7 RCTs. 26 pieces of evidence were summarized from 6 aspects: pain assessment, education and training, non-pharmacological interventions, pharmacological interventions, self-management and precautions.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for managing breastfeeding associated nipple pain and trauma, providing evidence-based evidence for regulating breastfeeding associated nipple pain and trauma management. It is recommended that nurses comprehensively consider the clinical situation when applying evidence, selectively apply the best evidence, extend breastfeeding time, and promote maternal and infant health.

Objective To analyze the serum miRNA expression levels in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients and healthy sperm donors.Methods Serum miRNA levels in NOA patients and healthy sperm donors were analyzed by adopting the miRNA expression profiles chip.The data were processed and an alyzed by using the GenePix proV6.0 software to find out the differentially expressed miRNA,then the difference was verified by RQ-PCR,finally the bioinformatic software was utilized to predict the miRNA target gene.Results Compared to healthy sperm donors,71 cases of NOA had miRNAs expression difference,miRNA expression were increased in 47 cases and miRNAs expression was decreased in 24 cases.Moreover,Realtime PCR analysis verified the chip accuracy.The bioinformatic software target gene prediction showed that the potential target gene of these differential miRNA were involved in spermatogenesis.Conclusion The specific miRNA exists in serum miRNA of NOA,which helps to study the molecular mechanism of spermatogenesis.

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome, also known as cerebral retinal angiomatosis, is a kind of neuroendocrine tumor. The incidence rate is high, and the heredity is very high, which can involve the retina, central nervous system, various organs and various tissue parts. This paper reports a case of VHL syndrome with hypertension and diabetes as the main manifestations, in order to improve the understanding of the disease and reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

With the development of information technology, the massive growth of pharmaceutical electronic data and the significant increase in the reports of drug adverse event reports have brought great challenges to pharmacovigilance research. Data mining techniques can automatically extract the risk signals of adverse drug reaction from real-world data. Therefore, efficient data mining of massive adverse event reporting is a necessary measure to realize the automatic detection of adverse drug reactions. By introducing the current major large-scale adverse drug event reporting databases and related data mining methods, this study reviews the application and limitations of adverse drug reaction data mining technology in pharmacovigilance, which provides reference for pharmacovigilance-related institutions and researchers.