Objective To investigate the protective effects of propofol against lung injury following ischemia-reperfusion of hind limbs. Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were anesthetized with mtraperitoneal 3% pentobarbital 40 mg?kg-1. Bilateral femoral artery and vein were exposed for occlusion of the circulation of the hind limbs. Right internal jugular vein was cannulated for drug administration. The animals were randomly assigned into 3 groups ( n = 12 in each group) : (1) sham-operated group in which bilateral femoral artery and vein were exposed but not occluded; (2) I/R group in which the bilateral femoral artery and vein were occluded for 4h with the atraumatic microclips and the released for 6h reperfusion , and (3) I/R + propofol group received a bolus of 5 mg?kg-1 propofol 10 min before reperfusion followed by propofol infusion at 10 mg?kg-1?h-1. In group 1 and 2 the animals received same amount of normal saline instead of propofol. At the end of 6h reperfusion the animals were sacrificed by bloodletting. The lungs were immediately removed for determination of MDA content, SOD activity, the lung water, iNOS and ICAM-1 expression and microscopic examination. Results I/R significantly increased lung water and MDA content, and expression of iNOS and ICAM-1 and decreased SOD activity, while propofol significantly attenuated these changes induced by I/R of hind limbs. Light microscopic findings in I/R group included alveolar edema, localized pulmonary atelectasis and hemorrhage and large amount of polymorphonuclear infiltration. Electron microscopic examination showed a series of ultrastructural changes such as diffuse irregular thickening of basement membrene, alveolar type Ⅰ cell swelling, alveolar type Ⅱ cell injury associated with emptying of lamella bodies. These changes were significantly less prominent in the rats which received propofol. Conclusion Propofol has protective effects on the lungs against injury induced by I/R of the hind limbs.

BACKGROUND:There are various methods for the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head, but there is no satisfactory method to promote the repair of osteonecrosis of femoral head. In recent years, bone marrow
mesenchymal stem cel transplantation for the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head has achieved certain effect.
OBJECTIVE:To review the application progress and problems of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation for the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head.
METHODS:A computer-based online search was performed in PubMed database, Wanfang database and CNKI database for the related articles from 1999 to 2012. The articles on the isolation, culture, differentiation, labeling and in vivo tracing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were selected, as wel as the basic and clinical
researches on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation for the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head. A total of 39 articles were included for review.
RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION:At present, the method for the isolation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s includes adherence screening method, density gradient centrifugation, flow cytometry separation and magnetic activated cel sorting method;the commonly used method for cel labeling and tracing includes isotope tracing method, antigen labeling method, antigen labeling, fluorescent labeling and MRI contrast enhancer labeling
method. The method for the treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s includes pith dril ing decompression combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel injection and
transplantation, intervention plus bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation, gene transfection combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation and tissue engineering technology of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s. Although, the research on the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation for the treatment of
osteonecrosis of femoral head has achieved great progress, there are stil problems needed to be further solved.

Objective To investigate the role of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-310 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 12 each): sham operation group (group S); global cerebral I/R group (group I/R); normal saline group (group NS) and specific ASIC blocker amiloride group (group A). Global cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of 3 vessels ( 10 min occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries and basilar artery) followed by reperfusion. In group NS and A, NS 6 ml/kg and amiloride 0.6 mg/kg were injected through femoral vein immediately before reperfusion respectively. Six rats in each group were selected, the dialysate in CA1 area was collected before ischemia (baseline), immediately after ischemia and during 20 min reperfusion (once every 10 min) for determination of lactate concentrations. The left 6 rats in each group were elected at 8 h of reperfusion and the open field test and inclined plane test were peeformed to assess neurological behavior.The rats were then sacrificed and brain tissues taken for microscopic examination and brain water content was calculated. Results Compared with group S, the concentration of lactate in the dialysate and brain water content were significantly increased and neurological deficits developed in group I/R and NS (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, the concentration of lactate in the dialysate and brain water content were significantly decreased and neurological deficits were improved in group A ( P ＜ 0.05 ), but no significant change in the parameters mentioned above was found in group NS ( P ＞ 0.05). Microscopic examination showed that the damage to the brain tissues was attenuated in group A compared with group I/R. Conclusion ASICs are involved in the development of global cerebral I/R injury in rats.

Liver fibrosis is a necessary stage in the development of chronic liver diseases to liver cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis is the end-stage change of various chronic liver diseases, and early diagnosis of liver fibrosis has an important value in timely treatment and prognosis. At present, liver biopsy, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are the main diagnostic methods for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, but its clinical application is limited by invasiveness and sample error. Conventional noninvasive methods cannot meet the requirements for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Therefore, searching for new serological markers for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis has become a research hotspot. Related studies have shown that serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) can be used as a serum marker for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and has high clinical value. This article reviews the commonly used methods for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and elaborates on the biological characteristics of GP73 and its value in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with unknown etiology of portal hypertension and investigate the efficacy of endoscopic management of gastroesophageal varices in these patients.Methods:Patients with unknown etiology of portal hypertension and gastroesophageal varices who received liver biopsy between January, 2017 and January, 2020 in Zhongshan Hospital were included. The characteristics of pathology, portal computed tomography (CT) angiography, and endoscopy were recorded and follow-up for the occurrence of bleeding after treatment.Results:A total of 31 patients were included and divided into cirrhosis with unknown etiology group ( n=10) and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension group ( n=21). Patients in the non-cirrhotic group were younger [28.0(29.5-49.5) vs 58.5(43.5-65.8), P=0.004] and mostly male (71.4%), and fewer comorbidities including diabetes (4.8% vs 40.0%, P=0.027). The features of pathology finding including vasculopathy, cholestasis, and hepatic sinusoidal dilatation as well as the Sarin classification and bleeding rate of gastroesophageal varices, proportion of patients receiving endoscopic treatment were shown similar between the two groups ( P>0.05). The hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) was significantly lower in the non-cirrhotic group [4.5(2.8-12.8)mmHg vs 12(8-18)mmHg, P=0.018]. Among them, 21 patients received endoscopic treatment, and the bleeding rate had no difference between these two groups after endoscopic treatment ( P=0.751). Conclusions:Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension in a predominantly young male population has similar clinicalpathological characteristics when compared to cirrhotic portal hypertension with unknown etiology. HVPG can not reflect the actual portal pressure in these patients. Endoscopic treatment is the effective treatment option for the prevention of variceal bleeding.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (D-loop) and keloids.Methods:A total of 216 patients with keloids were collected from Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from 2016 to 2019. Total DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of all the patients, as well as keloid tissues and perilesional normal skin tissues of 25 patients with keloids. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 299 health checkup examinees without keloids in Health Examination Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, who served as controls. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were performed on the mtDNA D-loop region, and mutation sites in each sample were analyzed by comparisons with the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) . Haplogroups were assigned in the 2 groups by using Phylotree-mtDNA tree Build 17. Mutations in the mtDNA D-loop region were compared among keloid tissues, perilesional normal skin tissues and peripheral blood samples. A median-joining network was constructed via network 5.0 software. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between haplogroup frequencies and the occurrence of keloids, and chi-square, t and t′ tests were used to analyze clinical data. Results:Among the 216 patients with keloids, variations in mtDNA D-loop region were classified into 10 haplogroups, including A, B, D, R9, G, M*, M7, M8, M9 and N9, with the haplogroups R9 and M9 showing the highest (21.3%, 46/216) and lowest (0.9%, 2/216) frequencies respectively. The frequencies of haplogroups M7 ( P=0.040, OR=0.248, 95% CI: 0.066 - 0.937) and N9 ( P=0.048, OR=0.191, 95% CI: 0.037-0.986) were significantly lower in the patients with keloids than in the controls. The median-joining network plot showed that the distribution pattern of the haplogroup M7 differed between the patients with keloids and controls. Significantly less number of lesional sites and younger age of onset were observed in the patients with haplogroup M7 compared with those with non-M7 haplogroups ( P=0.000 1, 0.045, respectively) . Conclusion:The haplogroup M7 is correlated with the occurrence of keloids, and may be a potential protective factor for keloid formation.

Objective To evaluate the effect of chronic low potassium on K+uptake rate in the my?ocardium and skeletal muscle of rabbits. Methods Thirty?two adult male rabbits, aged 12-14 weeks, weighing 2?0-2?7 kg, were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table:normal feeding group ( group N) , low potassium feeding group ( group L) , potassium supplementation con?trol group ( group SC ) and potassium supplementation experimental group ( group SE ) . N and SC groups were given a normal diet only, and L and SE groups were fed with a low potassium diet for 15 days. Potassi?um chloride ( KCl) 0?5 mol∕L was then infused intravenously at the initial rate of 60 μmol·kg-1 ·min-1 in SE and SC groups. Blood samples were obtained from the central artery of the left ear every 5 min for meas?urement of plasma K+ concentrations. The infusion rat of KCl was then adjusted until the plasma K+concen?tration reached 5?5 mmol∕L and maintained at this level for 1 h, and then infusion was stopped. The total volume of KCl infused was recorded. The hearts and soleus muscle of animals were excised for determination of K+content. K+uptake and uptake rate were calculated. Results Compared with N group, the plasma K+concentration, and K+content in the myocardium and soleus muscle were significantly decreased in group L ( P<0?05) . Compared with SC group, the total volume of KCl infused, and K+uptake and uptake rate in the myocardium and soleus muscle were significantly increased in group SE ( P<0?05) . Conclusion Chro?nic hypokalaemia can increase K+ uptake rate in the myocardium and skeletal muscle of rabbits.

BACKGROUND:Posterior stabilized femoral knee prosthesis needs additional condyle osteotomy to accommodate the tibial post and femur fossa structures. Intercondylar fossa on both sides connected at the femoral body with concentrated stress is a place easily affecting fractures. Differences in bone mass between different models of different brands did not have specific data, which was not convenient to select prosthesis for clinicians.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference of intercondylar osteotomy data among clinical commonly used posterior stabilized knee prostheses (six imported and domestic brands), and to provide basis for the selection and application of the prostheses.
METHODS:The current commonly used posterior stabilized knee prostheses (six imported and domestic brands) were used, including Zimmer NexGen LPS, Stryker Scrorpio NRG Knee-Flexed, Depuy PFC Sigma, Smith & nephew Genesis-2 PS, United-U1 and Wego GKPS. According to the osteotomy template, the osteotomy-surfaces consisting of femoral condyle starting section and cross section, distal section of femoral condyle, and back-oblique section were identified. The corresponding femoral prosthesis diameter lines included condylar ambilateral and anteroposterior diameters, width and depth of femoral intercondylar fossa. The above data were compared and measured.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The six kinds of knee femoral prostheses were different in ratio of ambilateral diameter and anteroposterior diameter, bone resection of intercondylar fossa, and geometry. Imported prostheses carry shorter diameters in femoral starting and cross sections, so it can catch more posterior condylar osteotomy. With increasing prosthesis sizes, the ratio of bone loss causing by width of intercondylar osteotomy is decreased among six brands. In al sizes, Stryker Scrorpio NRG Knee-Flexed catches shorter width of intercondylar osteotomy. Knee prosthesis osteotomy among six brands is different. The result of this study is not sufficient to evaluate the pros and cons between different prostheses, but as reserving bone is concerned, the design of less intercondylar osteoomy catches more advantages.

To explore the prevalence and risk factors of depression in low-vision elder patients aged 60-85 years residing at Beizhuang Township,Miyun county.The activity of daily living scale (ADL) and geriatric depression scale (GDS) were used for diagnosis and grade the severity of depression.The prevalence rate of depression was higher in low-vision patients (36.2％) than in the control group (15.5％,P ＜0.05).The need for assistance in daily activities was higher in low-vision patients than in the control group(x2 =13.57,P ＜0.01).Patients with good economic conditions,being cared by relatives and living with their spouse had lower levels of ADL and GDS (all P ＜ 0.05).

ObjectiveTo study the curative effect and safety of low dose of urokinase (UK) combined with low molecular heparin calcium.MethodsSixty-four cases of sudden cardiac arrest patients were divided into treatment group and control group by random digits table with 32 cases each.Two groups were given cardiopulmonary resuscitation according to the 2005 international guide for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care.Early in the recovery,the patients in treatment group were pumped in vein with low dose of UK(200 000 U) and injected subcutaneous with low molecular heparin calcium (4100 U ) in 30 minutes.The rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC),survival rate longer than 24 hours and 30 days in two groups and patients dying of bleeding or bleeding conditions in treatment group were observed.ResultsThere were 11 cases (34.4％) of ROSC in control group,and compared with 20 cases (62.5％) in treatment group,there was significant difference (P＜0.05).There were 5 cases (15.6％) of survival longer than 24 hours in control group,and compared with 13 cases(40.6％) in treatment group,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).There were 2 cases (6.2％) of survival 30 days in control group,and compared with 8 cases (25.0％) in treatment group,there was significant difference (P＜ 0.01 ).Nobody had subcutaneous bleeding or other organ hemorrhage in control group.But there was I patient who had subcutaneous limited ecchymosis in the injection site in treatment group.The difference of fibrinogen before and after treatment in treatment group was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.01 ),but there was no significant difference in prothrombin time and platelet count before and after treatment in treatment group (P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsIt is safe and effective in cardiopulmonary resuscitation with low dose of UK combined with low molecular heparin calcium.