Objective To investigate the protective effects of propofol against lung injury following ischemia-reperfusion of hind limbs. Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were anesthetized with mtraperitoneal 3% pentobarbital 40 mg?kg-1. Bilateral femoral artery and vein were exposed for occlusion of the circulation of the hind limbs. Right internal jugular vein was cannulated for drug administration. The animals were randomly assigned into 3 groups ( n = 12 in each group) : (1) sham-operated group in which bilateral femoral artery and vein were exposed but not occluded; (2) I/R group in which the bilateral femoral artery and vein were occluded for 4h with the atraumatic microclips and the released for 6h reperfusion , and (3) I/R + propofol group received a bolus of 5 mg?kg-1 propofol 10 min before reperfusion followed by propofol infusion at 10 mg?kg-1?h-1. In group 1 and 2 the animals received same amount of normal saline instead of propofol. At the end of 6h reperfusion the animals were sacrificed by bloodletting. The lungs were immediately removed for determination of MDA content, SOD activity, the lung water, iNOS and ICAM-1 expression and microscopic examination. Results I/R significantly increased lung water and MDA content, and expression of iNOS and ICAM-1 and decreased SOD activity, while propofol significantly attenuated these changes induced by I/R of hind limbs. Light microscopic findings in I/R group included alveolar edema, localized pulmonary atelectasis and hemorrhage and large amount of polymorphonuclear infiltration. Electron microscopic examination showed a series of ultrastructural changes such as diffuse irregular thickening of basement membrene, alveolar type Ⅰ cell swelling, alveolar type Ⅱ cell injury associated with emptying of lamella bodies. These changes were significantly less prominent in the rats which received propofol. Conclusion Propofol has protective effects on the lungs against injury induced by I/R of the hind limbs.

Objective To investigate the role of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-310 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 12 each): sham operation group (group S); global cerebral I/R group (group I/R); normal saline group (group NS) and specific ASIC blocker amiloride group (group A). Global cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of 3 vessels ( 10 min occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries and basilar artery) followed by reperfusion. In group NS and A, NS 6 ml/kg and amiloride 0.6 mg/kg were injected through femoral vein immediately before reperfusion respectively. Six rats in each group were selected, the dialysate in CA1 area was collected before ischemia (baseline), immediately after ischemia and during 20 min reperfusion (once every 10 min) for determination of lactate concentrations. The left 6 rats in each group were elected at 8 h of reperfusion and the open field test and inclined plane test were peeformed to assess neurological behavior.The rats were then sacrificed and brain tissues taken for microscopic examination and brain water content was calculated. Results Compared with group S, the concentration of lactate in the dialysate and brain water content were significantly increased and neurological deficits developed in group I/R and NS (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, the concentration of lactate in the dialysate and brain water content were significantly decreased and neurological deficits were improved in group A ( P ＜ 0.05 ), but no significant change in the parameters mentioned above was found in group NS ( P ＞ 0.05). Microscopic examination showed that the damage to the brain tissues was attenuated in group A compared with group I/R. Conclusion ASICs are involved in the development of global cerebral I/R injury in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of chronic low potassium on K+uptake rate in the my?ocardium and skeletal muscle of rabbits. Methods Thirty?two adult male rabbits, aged 12-14 weeks, weighing 2?0-2?7 kg, were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table:normal feeding group ( group N) , low potassium feeding group ( group L) , potassium supplementation con?trol group ( group SC ) and potassium supplementation experimental group ( group SE ) . N and SC groups were given a normal diet only, and L and SE groups were fed with a low potassium diet for 15 days. Potassi?um chloride ( KCl) 0?5 mol∕L was then infused intravenously at the initial rate of 60 μmol·kg-1 ·min-1 in SE and SC groups. Blood samples were obtained from the central artery of the left ear every 5 min for meas?urement of plasma K+ concentrations. The infusion rat of KCl was then adjusted until the plasma K+concen?tration reached 5?5 mmol∕L and maintained at this level for 1 h, and then infusion was stopped. The total volume of KCl infused was recorded. The hearts and soleus muscle of animals were excised for determination of K+content. K+uptake and uptake rate were calculated. Results Compared with N group, the plasma K+concentration, and K+content in the myocardium and soleus muscle were significantly decreased in group L ( P<0?05) . Compared with SC group, the total volume of KCl infused, and K+uptake and uptake rate in the myocardium and soleus muscle were significantly increased in group SE ( P<0?05) . Conclusion Chro?nic hypokalaemia can increase K+ uptake rate in the myocardium and skeletal muscle of rabbits.

To explore the prevalence and risk factors of depression in low-vision elder patients aged 60-85 years residing at Beizhuang Township,Miyun county.The activity of daily living scale (ADL) and geriatric depression scale (GDS) were used for diagnosis and grade the severity of depression.The prevalence rate of depression was higher in low-vision patients (36.2％) than in the control group (15.5％,P ＜0.05).The need for assistance in daily activities was higher in low-vision patients than in the control group(x2 =13.57,P ＜0.01).Patients with good economic conditions,being cared by relatives and living with their spouse had lower levels of ADL and GDS (all P ＜ 0.05).

Objective To observe the effect of the electroacupuncture ( EA) on the expression of cyclin-de-pendent kinase 5 ( Cdk5 ) in rats with muscle contusion and to explore its mechanism. Methods Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group of 4, a model group of 4, a natural recovery group ( NR) of 12 and an EA group of 12. All except those in the normal group had acute skeletal muscle contusion induced through a heavy blow. The EA group was treated with 15 minutes of EA daily beginning 48 h after the injury while the other rats received no EA. The model group was sacrificed 24 h after modeling, and rats from the NR and EA groups were sacrificed on the 7th, 14th and 21st day after the modeling to collect tissues. Hematoxylin eosin ( HE) staining, Western blotting and quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR were used to observe any histological changes, as well as Cdk5 protein and mRNA expression. Results The HE staining showed that the other 3 groups displayed larger a-mounts of muscle fiber fracture, dissolution and inflammatory cell invasion than was observed in the normal group. Compared with the NR group, quicker recovery was seen in the EA group as evidenced by faster muscle satellite cell proliferation and more new muscle fiber generation. The average Cdk5 protein expression in both the NR and EA groups was higher than in the normal group, and that of the EA group was significantly lower than that of the NR group. Conclusions Muscle contusion can increase Cdk5 expression in skeletal muscles, at least in rats. EA can promote the restoration of skeletal muscle function, probably by inhibiting CDK5 protein and mRNA expression.

OBJECTIVETo observe the pathological changes in rabbits with spinal cord injury induced by decompression sickness (DCS), and to investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in spinal cord injury induced by DCS.

METHODSRabbits were randomly divided into normal control group, DCS group, and safe decompression group. The rabbit model of DCS was established. Light microscopy, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical method were used to observe the pathomorphological changes in the thoracolumbar spinal cord and the mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α, respectively. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to observe the apoptosis in the spinal cord.

RESULTSIn the DCS group, cavities formed in the white matter of spinal cord and gliosis occurred around necrotic areas. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α was significantly higher in the DCS group than in the normal control group and the safe decompression group (P<0.01). The results of TUNEL showed that the number of positive apoptotic cells was significantly larger in the DCS group than in the normal control group and the safe decompression group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONApoptosis plays an important role in spinal cord injury induced by DCS. In the early stage of DCS, the massive release of TNF-α initiates apoptosis and contributes to the pathological changes in spinal cord injury induced by DCS.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Decompression Sickness ; metabolism ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; RNA, Messenger ; Rabbits ; Spinal Cord ; pathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of plasma exchange (PE) combined with intensive insulin glycemic control on related indexes of patients with HLP.METHODS:A total of 120 HLP patients were randomly divided into control group (60 cases) and observation group (60 cases).Based on routine treatment,2 groups were given PE treatment for 3 times+Low molecular weight heparin calcium for injection 5 000 U subcutaneously+Methylprednisolone sodium succinate for injection 40 mg intravenously+Calcium gluconate injection 2 g intravenously.Based on it,Insulin injection was pumped to random blood glucose ＜12 mmol/L with a micro-infusion pump in control group when random blood glucose concentration was equal to or more than 12 mmol/ L.When random blood glucose of patients in observation group were higher than 8.3 mmol/L,Insulin injection was pumped with a micro-infusion pump for a week and random blood glucose concentration was maintained at 6.1-8.3 mmol/L.Plasma levels of triglyceride,PCT,WBC count,APACHE Ⅱ score,Balthazar CT score,length of hospitalization stay in ICU and the occurrence of ADR were observed in 2 groups before and after treatment.RESULTS:After treatment,plasma levels of triglyceride,amylase and PCT,WBC count,APACHE Ⅱ score and Balthazar CT score in 2 groups were significantly lower than before treatment,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Length of hospitalization stay in ICU observation group was significantly shorter than control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSIONS:PE combined with intensive insulin glycemic control can effectively reduce the level of plasma triglyceride,relieve inflammatory reaction and improve prognosis without increasing the occurrence of ADR.

Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is one of the traditional herbal medicine used in China, study on the correlation between the cross-section color and HPLC fingerprints of them have important significance for promoting the development of traditional disciplines. Quantitative analysis of the color of sample cross section was carried out by color digital method, fingerprint analysis was carried out by HPLC, and the canonical correlation analysis was carried out between them. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the color of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma cross section and the information of HPLC fingerprinting. Results indicated that, The digitized indexes of color of cross section could reflect the result of fingerprint analysis to some extent.

Objective:To investigate the influence of childhood traumatic experience on internet addiction of adolescents and the mediating effect of self-concealment.Methods:Childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ), self-concealment scale(SCS) and adolescent pathological internet use scale(APIUS) were used to investigate 532 college students.SPSS 22.0 was used for descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis.Amos 24.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis, and the relevant assumptions were verified through structural equation model.Results:The total scores of childhood abuse, self-concealment and adolescent pathological internet use were (37.23±11.91), (26.09±9.26) and (82.15±28.09), respectively.Correlation analysis showed that childhood trauma was positively correlated with self-concealment ( r=0.27, P<0.01). Self-concealment was positively correlated with internet addiction ( r=0.47, P<0.01). Childhood trauma was positively correlated with internet addiction ( r=0.36, P<0.01). Mediating effect test showed that childhood trauma had a significant positive predictive effect on self-concealment ( β=0.34, P<0.01), self-concealment had a significant positive predictive effect on internet addiction ( β=0.34, P<0.01), and childhood trauma had a direct predictive effect on internet addiction ( β=0.31, P<0.01). Conclusion:Childhood trauma and self-concealment have significant influence on internet addiction, and self-concealment plays a partial mediating role between childhood trauma and internet addiction of adolescents.

Objective:To analyze the value and difference of the optic nerve sheath pulse dynamic deformation index (DI) in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and high-pressure primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect clinical data at the Eye Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital from June 2016 to March 2017, 32 patients with NTG and 35 patients with high-pressure POAG were sampled.For all subjects, their basic information, body mass index (BMI), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), 24 hours intraocular pressure, and ophthalmologic examinations required for diagnosis were recorded.All subjects underwent transorbital ultrasonography and for each 15 seconds of consecutive ultrasound images were taken.The dynamic post-processing technique was used to calculate the DI.The difference in DI between the two groups and the correlation of DI with other variables were analyzed.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital.Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects prior to their entering the study cohort and receiving the transorbital ultrasound examination.Results:The median level of DI in the NTG group was 0.51 (0.48, 0.54), which was higher than that in the high-pressure POAG group (0.23[0.20, 0.25]), exhibiting a significant difference ( Z=-7.01, P<0.01). The mean BMI in the NTG group was lower than that in the high-pressure POAG group([21.29±4.64]kg/m 2vs. [23.53±3.40]kg/m 2), the mean MAP in the NTG group was lower than that in the high-pressure POAG group([91.44±14.30]mmHg vs. [104.05±13.96] mmHg), the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( t=-2.30, P<0.05; t=-3.65, P<0.01). There was no statistical association between the two groups of DI and age, MAP, BMI, mean intraocular pressure and maximum intraocular pressure (all at P>0.05). Conclusions:The DI of the NTG patient is higher than that of the POAG patient, which indicates that the optic nerve sheath subarachnoid pressure and optic nerve sheath stiffness in NTG patients are lower than those in POAG patients.Therefore, the DI is a potential indicator of non-invasive intracranial pressure and translaminar cribrosa pressure difference detection in ophthalmology.