Objective To discuss the clinical application of internal stent in tracheal stenosis.Methods 101 cases of large airway stenosis were treated with the self-expanding Ni-Ti alloy stents through oral cavity(41 cases)or nasal cavity(60 cases) under X-ray guided.Results The placement of Ni-Ti stents in all cases was successful one time.Of 64 cases,tracheal stents were introduced,bronchial stents,tracheal and bronchial stents were set up in 64,20 and 17 cases respectively.Shortness of breath was relieved obviously after process.Conclusion The placement of Ni-Ti stent is an effective and safe method for the treatment of large airway stenosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of computed tomography guided radiofrequency(RF) ablation of non-small cell lung carcinoma with a clustered electrode.Methods 71 patients were allocated to 2 group:the group A(36 patients) were undergone RF tissue ablation 38 times and analysed image data,tumor size before and after the procedure were compared,the group B(35 patients) were treated with the combined chemotherapy of "FAP" or "CAP".Results The group A thirty-six cases at 10 days,twenty at 30 days,fifteen at 60 days after the ablation,all patients were repeatedly examined by CT scans,respectively.The tumor size was decreased by 20% at 10 days in 69% patients,decreased by 30% at 30 days in 75% patients,decreased by 50% at 60 days in 53% patients and disappeared in 13%,no operative death was noted,the effective rates were 66% in group A and 22 9% in group B respectively(P

Objective Turner syndrome (TS) is characterized with reduced adult height and gonadal dysgenesis and associated with a number of complications including thyroid disease.The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid diseases and the association between thyroid autoantibodies (TAA) and thyroid dysfunction,age,and karyotype.Methods Fifty-five girls with TS were diagnosed by chromosome analyses and were divided into 2 groups according to whether there was TAA-positive or not:TAA-positive group and TAA-negative group.Thyroid autoantibodies (antithyroglobulin antibody,thyroperoxidase antibody),thyroid function (free T3,free T4,and TSH) were determined with immunochemiluminescent.Ultrasound was applied in TAA-positive group.Results Thyroid functions in 34 TAA-negative girls were normal.Of the 21 TAA-positive girls (21/55,38.2％),7 girls suffered from hypothyroidism and 3 girls had hyperthyroidism.All of 21 TAA-positive girls were diagnosed as cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.As compared with the girls in TAA-negative group,the age of girls in TAA-positive group was significantly higher [(12.16 ± 2.55 vs 9.95 ± 4.50) years,P＜0.05].6 cases under 5 years old were TAA-negative.31.3 ％ (5/16) of patients aged 5-10 years old,48.1％ (13/27) aged 10-15 years old and 50.0％ (3/6) above the age of 15 were TAA-positive.There were no significant differences in the numbers of TAApositive cases among different karyotypes (P ＞ 0.05).Thyroid ultrasound in girls with positive-TAA showed the abnormal echogenicity in bilateral lobus lateralis of thyroid.Conclusion Patients with TS are prone to suffer from Hashimoto's thyroiditis leading to thyroid dysfunction,when they are older than 5 years.Thyroid function should be evaluated yearly in girls with TS after 5 years old.There is no specific association between the incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease and certain karyotypes.

Objectives To investigate the causes of short stature in Turner syndrome (TS). Methods 86 patients were di-agnosed with TS by karyotypes from 2004 to 2013. According to the deletion types of the X chromosome short arm, growth hor-mone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and thyroid function, the TS patients were divided into different groups and com-parison was made among groups. Results Ht SDS in three groups with different extent of the deletion of the X chromosome short arm were (-4.39±1.08), (-3.26±1.25) and (-2.84±0.15) (P<0.05). The proportion of growth hormone deifciency (GHD) in the three groups were 62.5%, 38.9%and 0%(P<0.05). Ht SDS in groups with different degree of IGF-1 level were (-4.37±1.10), (-3.82±1.07) and (-3.25±0.91) (P<0.05). There was no signiifcant difference of Ht SDS between hypothyroidism patients with and without GHD (P>0.05). Conclusions The deletion of X chromosome short arm may cause the short stature in TS. The GH-IGF-1 axis in TS is impaired, but GHD is not related to short stature in TS.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristic s of an infant with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (CLAH),and to sequence the acute regulatory protein (steroid acute regulatory,StAR) gene of the infant patient and her pedigree.Methods Physical examination,laboratory tests,and imaging examination of the 11-month-old patient with CLAH were collected.DNA was extracted from blood samples of the patient and her parents.The 7 exons of StAR gene were amplified by PCR and then sequenced.Results Dark skin,girl vulva,and one each 1.0 cm×1.0 cm palpable lump in inguinal area bilaterally were observed.The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was 253 pg/ml,cortisol was 27.6 nmol/L at 8 am,17-hydroxyprogesterone was 3 nmol/L.Uhrasound showed that sign of testicular ultrasonography existed in bilateral inguinal regions.Karyotype analysis showed 46,XY.Sequencing of PCR amplified fragments showed that there were two heterozygous mutations c.229C ＞ T,p (Gln77X) and C.659A＞G,p (His220Arg) of StAR gene in this patient.By rectifying the disturbance of electrolyte,and treating with hydrocortisone and 9α fludrocortisone,etc,the patient has been stable so far.Conclusion The patient presents typical clinical manifestations.Two heterozygous mutations including c.229C ＞T,p (Gln77X) from maternal and C.659A＞G,p (His220Arg) from paternal of StAR gene were detected.Wherein the c.659A＞G,p.(His220Arg) as a novel point mutation of StAR gene,has not been reported so far.

Objective To improve the fixation method of indwelling needle inserted in the tail vein in rats to keep the inserted needle for a longer indwelling time .Methods One hundred healthy Wistar rats ( age 5~6 months, male:female=1:1) were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group .Rats in both groups received the same tail vein indwelling needle puncture and cannulation .The control group got the traditional fixation , namely fixed by sticking with 3M transparent dressing paste .The experimental group received in addition to the traditional fixation, a 0.1 mm-thick aluminum tube placed outside the needle fixation site .The indwelling time in the rats were recorded and analyzed .Results The indwelling time was (166.86 ±9.03) h and (20.24 ±5.04) h in the experimental and control groups, respectively (t =68.546, P<0.01).Conclusions Our improved method is safe and reliable.It can prolong the indwelling time of the punctured intravenous indwelling needle , and provides a useful rat model in studies on the complications of intravenous indwelling needle kept for a longer time .

Objective To investigate the level of MEF2C phosphorylation (activation) and protein expression, and to further clarify the possible mechanism following ischemia-reperfusion in hippocampal CA1 region of rat. MethodsBrain ischemia was induced by four-vessel occlusion in SD rats. Protein level was determined by Western blotting. Results MEF2C was significantly activated with a peak at 6 h of reperfusion, but its protein expression decreased in late phase of reperfusion (3～5 d). The elevation of activated (17 ku) and the inactivated forms (32 ku) of caspase-3 proteases were remarkable during 1～5 d of reperfusion. In addition, Ac-DEVD-CHO, a specific inhibitor of caspase-3, up-regulated MEF2C protein level of 3 d reperfusion. SB202190 (an inhibitor of P38), but not ERK5-antisense oligonucleotides, not only inhibited MEF2C activation of 6 h reperfusion but also apparently prevented the increase of caspase-3 activation caused by 3 d reperfusion. Conclusion P38/caspase-3 mediated MEF2C pathway may function in the injuries of hippocampal CA1 region of rats following ischemia/reperfusion.

AIM: To study the effect of shenmai injection (SMI), a Chinese medicine, on nitric oxide and the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA in myocardium of rats with experimental myocardial ischemia. METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, model (ischemia), SMI 1 and SMI 2 group. A rat model of acute myocardial ischemia was established by isoprenaline treatment and the lift of ST segment in ECG was used as the index of myocardial ischemia. The nitric oxide (NO) contents in serum and myocardium and the expression of eNOS mRNA in myocardium were measured. RESULTS: Compared with control group, ST segment of ECG was significantly elevated 20, 30, 40 min after myocardial ischemia in model group, the lift peak of ST segment occurred 20 min after myocardial ischemia, the concentration of NO in the serum and myocardium and the expression of eNOS mRNA in myocardium were significantly lowered in model group. Compared with the model group, in SMI 1 group and SMI 2 group, the concentration of NO in the serum and myocardium and the expression of eNOS mRNA in myocardium were significantly increased, the lift of ST segment were significantly reduced 20, 30, 40 min after myocardial ischemia. Compared with SMI 1 group, the concentration of NO in the serum and myocardium and the expression of eNOS mRNA in myocardium and the lift of ST segment were not statistically different in SMI 2 group. CONCLUSION: Shenmai injection can increase the expression of eNOS mRNA in myocardium and the content of NO, and protect against myocardial ischemia in rats.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum resistin,leptin and adiponectin with microangiopathy in the patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods One hundred and twenty patients with T2DM in our hospital were selected and divided into the non-microangiopathy group (NON-MAP,60 cases) and microangiopathy group (MAP,60 cases) according to whether complicating microangiopathy.Other 60 individuals undergoing healthy physical examination were selected as the normal control group(NC).Fasting serum resistin,adiponectin and leptin levels were detected in each group.Fasting blood glucose,insulin and blood lipid levels were also detected.The insulin resistance was evaluated by using insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR).Results The levels of serum resistin,leptin,free fat acid(FFA) and hs-CRP in the NON-MVP group and MVP group were signifi cantly higher than those in the NC group,while the adiponectin level was sigrnificantly lower than that in the NC group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The correlation analysis showed that serum resistin and leptin levels had positive correlation with hs-CRP,FFA,HOMA-IR and TG(P＜0.05),and had negative correlation with HDL-C(P＜0.05);the adiponectin level was negatively correlated with hs-CRP,FFA,HOMA-IR and TG,while positively correlated with HDL-C(P＜0.05);serum resistin and leptin levels had positive correlation,both had significantly negative correlation with adiponectin;with serum resistin,leptin and adiponectin as the dependent variables,the multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR and waist to hip ratio had maximal influence on them.Conclusion Serum resistin and leptin levels increase and adiponectin level decrease in T2DM patients suggests that serum resistin,leptin and adiponectin are correlated with T2DM occurrence as well as microangiopathy occurrence.

Objective To establish lentiviral expression vectors for Smurf1 silencing and assess the effects of Smurf1 silencing on cell migration.Methods HeLa and A549 cells were infected with lentiviral expression vectors for Smurf1 silencing respectively.After 7 days,the stable cell lines with Smurf1 silencing were obtained after puromycin-resistance screening,enrichment and expansion.The intracellular gene and protein levels of Smurf1 were detected by qPCR and western blot.Transwell assay was used to assess the effect of Smurf1 silencing on cell migration.Results The stable cell lines with Smurf1 silencing are constructed successfully.Silencing of Smurf1 down-regulated cell migration rate detected by Transwell assay.Conclusion Smurf1 promotes cell migration.