Objective To observe the clinical value of indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICGR15) in the evaluation of hepatic functional reserve. Methods A total of 185 patients with liver disease, including 45 cases of liver failure, 90 cases of cirrhosis (child A, B and C, respectively), 20 cases of acute hepatitis, 30 cases of chronic hepatitis (mild, moderate). Expression levels of ICGR15 were compared between groups. Values of ICGR15, total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), blood coagulation time (PT) were compared before treatment and one month after treatment in hepatic failure group. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), TBIL and ICGR15 were compared before treatment and 1 month after treatment in acute hepatitis group. Results Levels of ICGR15 (%) were 56.3±14.7, 28.9±9.6, 22.4±6.8 and 13.7±2.3 in liver failure group, liver cirrhosis group, acute hepatitis group and chronic hepatitis group, which showed a gradual downward trend (F=125.317, P<0.05). Among them, the levels of ICGR15 (%) were 17.3±5.4, 25.7±7.5 and 34.5±7.3 in Child A, B and C groups of liver cirrhosis group, which showed a gradual upward trend (P<0.05). After one month treatment, levels of TBIL, PT and ICGR15 were significantly lower than T helper 17 cells; intima-media thickness before the treatment in liver failure group. The levels of ALT, AST, TBIL and ICGR15 were significantly lower after treatment than those before treatment in acute hepatitis group (P<0.05). Conclusion ICGR15 can reflect hepatic reserved function, which is not affected by the application of albumin and fresh plasma, and makes up the deficiency of PT and ALB detection.

Objective To evaluate the value of quantitative 3T dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in the diagnosis of breast lesions. Methods One-hundred and eighteen patients suspected of breast lesions underwent MRI examination. A 3.0 T MR scanner was used to obtain the quantitative MR pharmacokinetic parameters: Ktrans( volume transfer constant), Kep (exchange rate constant) and Ve (extravascular extracellular volume fraction). The mean Ktrans, Kep and Ve of malignant, benign and normal glandular tissues were calculated and compared each other using LSD method. Independent sample t test was used between invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ (microinvasion included). Finally, the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of Ktrans, Kep and Ve between malignant and benign lesions were compared. Results The mean Ktrans, Kep and Ve of malignant lesions (n=87) were (1.010±0.580) min-1, (1.634 ± 1.481) min-1 and (0.735 ±0.273); the mean Ktrans, Kep and Ve of benign lesions (n=23) were (0.331±0.192) min - 1, (0.417±0.324) min - 1 and (0.847±0.291); and the mean Ktrans, Kep and Ve of normal glandular tissues (n =83) were (0.051 ±0.028) min-1, (0.133±0.125) min-1 and (0.597±0.354), respectively. There were significant differences between normal glandular tissues and benign lesions, normal glandular tissues and malignant lesions, benign and malignant lesions in Ktrans (t=9.681, 11.189, 5. 590, respectively, P ＜ 0. 01 ), normal glandular tissues and malignant lesions, benign and malignant lesions in Kep(t =5. 287, 3. 874, P＜0. 05). There were a statistic differences between normal glandular tissues and benign lesions, normal glandular tissues and malignant lesions in Ve(t =2. 932, 2. 562 ,P ＜0. 05). There were no significant differences between normal glandular tissues and benign lesions in Kep, benign and malignant lesions in Ve ( t = 0. 760, 0. 832, P ＞ 0.05 ),invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ (microinvasion included) in Ktrans, Kep and Ve(t =0.834,0.075,0.454,P＞0.05). The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of Ktrans, Kep and Ve between malignant and benign lesions were 0. 934, 0. 941 and 0. 659. The sensitivity of Ktrans, Kep and Ve were 77.01% ,91.95% ,56. 32% and the specificity of Ktrans, Kep and Ve were 95. 65%, 86. 96%, 78.26% for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions if taken the maximum Youden's index as cut-off. Conclusion The differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions by Ktrans, Kep is applicable.

Objective To explore the neuroprotective role of Genistein (GEN) on hippocampal CA1 neurons and the possible mechanism following global cerebral ischemia ( GCI) in rats.Methods Seventy five rats were subjected to global cerebral ischemia ( GCI ) by four-vessel occlusion and randomly divided into five groups , sham, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), GEN, ICI 182,780 and vehicle groups.Fluoro-Jade B and neuron-specific nuclear-binding protein ( NeuN) staining was used to observe CA 1 neuronal survival .TUNEL was used to detect apoptotic neurons .Spatial learning and memory function of the rats were evaluated by Morris water maze .Results The best dose of neuroprotective role of GEN was 1.0mg/kg body weight.Compared with sham, TUNEL-positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region increased significantly in I/R and vehicle groups (P<0.01), while post-treatment with GEN (1.0mg/kg) at 5min after ischemia by tail vein injection decreased markedly (P<0.01).Treatment of 1.0mg/kg GEN markedly attenuated spatial learning and memory deficits of the rats after ischemic insult compared to I /R group.Furthermore, ICI 182,780 significantly abolished the neuroprotective role of GEN (P <0.01).Conclusion The low-dose (1.0mg/kg) GEN significantly attenuates neuronal damage and cognitive deficits following GCI in rats , and the mechanism may be involved in estrogen receptor activity.

Background and purpose:Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. The new technology of mammography is helpful in breast cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with conventional imaging methods in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods:During the period from Mar. 2015 to Dec. 2015, 227 patients with suspected lesions (by palpation or sonography) underwent further imaging exam in our hospital. The sonography, full-field digital mammography (FFDM), DBT and breast MRI were performed on all the patients. A double-blind assessment was carried out according to BI-RADS (version 2013) by experienced radiologists. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of all methods, referring to the pathological data as the golden standard; the difference in the efficiency of DBT from the other methods was determined byZ-test.Results:Thirty patients were excluded for the unsatisfactory images, and 205 lesions (132 malignant and 73 benign lesions) were detected in the remaining 197 patients. Area under the curve (AUC) of sonography, FFDM, DBT, DBT+FFDM and MRI based on the BI-RADS were 0.8308, 0.8592, 0.9167, 0.9198, and 0.9354, respectively. The AUC of DBT was significantly higher than those of sonography (Z=7.36,P=0.0067) and FFDM (Z=4.89,P=0.0271), while there was no significantly difference between DBT and MRI (Z=0.02,P=0.9002) or FFDM+DBT (Z=0.69,P=0.4048).Conclusion:DBT could significantly improve the diagnostic performance for breast lesions compared with sonography and FFDM, providing a comparable efficiency to MRI. As a new mammography technology, DBT has good clinical application prospect.

Objective:To design Keap1-tat peptide and explore its neuroprotective role on hipocampal CA1 neuron,as well as the effect on spacial learning and memory function following global cerebral ische-mia.Methods:Adult male Sprague Dawley (SD)rats were subjected to global cerebral ischemia (GCI) by four-vessel occlusion for 1 5 min and randomly divided into five groups:sham,sham+Keap1-tat,is-chemia/reperfusion (I/R),Keap1-tat peptide-and vehicle-administrated groups.For Keap1-tat or vehi-cle groups,the rats were treated with Keap1-tat (30,50,1 00 μg in 5 μL 0.9%saline)or the same vo-lume vehicle by intracerebroventricular injection (icv)30 min prior to ischemia.Cresyl violet staining was used to observe the surviving neurons and 4-hydroxy-2-noneal (4-HNE ) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deox-yguanosine (8-OHdG)immunostaining were used to detect the change of markers response to oxidative stress in hippocampal CA1 region.The spatial learning and memory function of the rats was evaluated using Morris water maze.Results:Compared with sham group,the number of surviving neurons in ische-mia-reperfusion and vehicle groups significantly decreased in the hippocampal CA1 region (P<0.05 ), while administration of Keap1-tat significantly decreased the damage following GCI (P<0.05),and the dose of 50 μg existed the most effective neuroprotective role.Furthermore,immunostaining intensity of 4-HNE and 8-OHdG,markers of oxidative stress damage attenuated by Keap1-tat peptide as compared with vehicle group in CA1 region.Of significant interest,the time of finding underwater platform in Keap1-tat group animals was significantly short,and after removing the platform,the probe time of Keap1-tat group animals in the original quadrant where the platform was significantly increased compared with that of vehi-cle and I/R group animals (P<0.05).Conclusion:Keap1-tat peptide can effectively attenuate neuro-nal damage in hippocampal CA1 region and improve learning and memory function,which might bedue to the attenuation of oxidative stress caused by GCI.

Objective To evaluate and recognize the dynamic and morphological MRI charactristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast and provide imaging information for the early detection and treatment planning Methods All MRI data in 71 patients with histollogically proved DCIS were analyzed retrospectively. The 71 patients were divided into two groups, NI ( pure DCIS, 44 patients) and N2 ( DCIS with microinvasion, 27 patients). According to the BI-RADS descriptors, all lesions were defined as a focus (smaller than 5 mm in diameter), mass and no-mass-like three enhancement types. The morphological features (M1 = focus, M2 = linear or linear-branched, M3 = branching-ductal, M4 = segmental, M5 = focal,M6 = regional, M7 = diffuse, M8 = mass) and the time-intensity curve (TIC) pattern [type l ( persistent enhancement curves), type Ⅱ( plateau), type Ⅲ(washout) and type Ⅳ (the same enhancement as glandular tissue)] were described. Chi-square test was used for the morphological characteristics of lesions.Results The 73 DCIS lesions were found in 71 patients, and 5.5% (n =4) were stippled lesions, 87.7%( n =64) were no-mass-like lesions, 6.8%(n=5) were mass-like lesions. In no-mass-like lesions (n=64), M3 was found in 15 cases, M4 in 34 cases, M5 in 9 cases and M6 in 6 cases, respectively, M3 and M4 were the most common distribution patterns. In N1 group(n =45) and N2 group (n =28), M3, M4,M5, M6 were found in 7 and 8, 21 and 13, 7 and 2, 3 and 3 cases, respectively. There were no statistic differences between two groups (P＞0.05). In 31 showed heterogeneous enhancement, both M3 and M4 were observed in 35.5% (11/31). In 26 clustered ring enhancement lesions, M4 was observed in 88.5% (23/26). Four lesions showed reticular enhancement,2 lesions showed a clumped enhancement and 1 lesion showed homogeneous enhancement. In 5 mass-like lesions, N1 group had 3 cases, N2 group had 2 cases.Four lesions showed lobulated margin, 4 lesions showed speculated margin, 1 mass showed smooth margin.Five mass showed heterogeneous enhancement. Type Ⅰ , type Ⅱ , type Ⅲ and type Ⅳ TIC ( n = 25) were demonstrated in 8, 11, 3 and 3 lesions, respectively. Conclusions M3, M4, especially segmental clustered ring enhancement, are the most common morphological characteristics of DCIS. Type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ TIC are the most common types.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic values of the breast imaging reporting and data system-MRI (BI-RADS-MRI)description about non-masslike enhancement by data mining. Methods Fifty-five patients with non-masslike enhancement lesions showed on breast contrast-enhanced MRI were evaluated using two data mining algorithms (Logistic regression and decision tree) and 10-fold cross-validation methods. Results There were 28 malignant and 27 benign lesions. The most frequent findings of the malignant lesions were clustered ring enhancement and clumped enhancement [ 12 and 4 lesions, respectively; 84. 2% (16/19) in decision trees, partial regression coefficients in Logistic model were 2. 128 and 1.723, respectively], whereas homogenous, stippled, reticular internal and linear ductal enhancement were the most frequent findings in benign lesions [ 4、9、1 and 7 lesions, respectively; 72. 4% (21/29) in decision tree, partial regression coefficients in Logistic model were 0.357 (homogenous), 1. 861 (stippled) and 18. 870( reticular), respectively]. 10-fold cross-validation indicated that decision tree (C5.0) achieved an accuracy of 69.3% with a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 71.7% in comparison to the Logistic regression model with an accuracy of 57. 0%, a sensitivity of 43.3% and a specificity of 71.7%. Conclusions The diagnosis efficacy of non-masslike enhancement interpretation according to BI-RADS-MRI is not high. It is very important to find more potential features of non-masslike enhancement to improve the diagnosis accuracy.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Shenz-hen city in 2014 and to analyze the evolutional characteristics of the epidemic dengue virus(DENV)strains in order to provide scientific guidelines for the prevention and control of dengue fever. Methods Descrip-tive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the prevalence of dengue fever in Shenzhen city in 2014. Immunochromatography and real-time PCR were performed to detect the specific antibodies(IgM and IgG) and DENV nucleic acids in serum samples collected from suspected cases of dengue fever. Serum samples collected from the patients at early stage of dengue fever were used to infect the C6 / 36 cell line for further isolation of DENV strains. The types of isolated DENV strains were determined by using real-time PCR. E genes of the isolated DENV strains were amplified by RT-PCR and then sequenced. DNAStar and Clustslx (1. 83)softwares were used to analyze the homology between DENV strains isolated in Shenzhen and other areas. A phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of E genes of Shenzhen strains and other sequences of DENV reference strains downloaded from GenBank was constructed for further analysis. Results A total of 454 cases of dengue fever were reported in Shenzhen in 2014 with a male to female ratio of 1. 43 ∶ 1. Local patients accounted for 76. 21% and the rest 23. 79% were imported cases mainly from Southeast Asian and surrounding cities. There were 441 cases reported from September to November,accounting for 97. 14% of all reported cases. Most of the infected subjects were aged 20 to 50,accounting for 76. 73% . Of the 270 samples positive for DENV nucleic acids,strains of DENV-1,DENV-2,DENV-3 and DENV-4 accounted for 87. 41% ,8. 89% ,0. 37% and 2. 22% ,respectively. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the DENV-1 strains belonged to two genotypes,which were genotypeⅠ and genotype Ⅴ. The DENV strains of genotypeⅠ were highly similar to the epidemic strain isolated in Shenzhen in 2010 and the genotype Ⅴstrains were first reported in Shenzhen. The homology analysis of the nucleotides of E genes showed that mi-nor differences in the nucleotide sequences were found between DENV-2 strains. All of the DENV-2 strains belonged to the genotype Ⅳ as indicated by the phylogenic tree. Conclusion There were 454 cases of den-gue fever(including both local and imported cases)reported in Shenzhen city in 2014,reaching an all-time high. DENV-1 was the predominant pathogen in combination with an increased infection of DENV-2. This study indicated that the prevalent DENV strains might be imported from Southeast countries and neighboring cities. Further researches should be conducted to analyze whether dengue fever is endemic in Shenzhen City.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of physiological dose 17-β-estrodiol (E2) replacement therapy on vascular dementia caused by cerebral chronic hypoperfusion.

METHODSThe rats with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) received E2 treatment starting from 3 days or 3 months after the operation. IgG leakage into the brain parenchyma and the changes of microvascular ultrastructure following BCCAO were examined using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, respectively; Western blotting was used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein.

RESULTSCompared with the sham-operated groups, the rats at 3 days and 3 months after BCCAO showed extensive vascular damages surrounded by IgG immunoreactivity in both the cortical and hippocampal CA1 regions. Stronger IgG immunoreactivity in the hippocampal CA1 region was observed at 3 days after BCCAO than at 3 months, but no significant IgG leakage was found in rats with continuous E2 treatment. Electron microscopy revealed severe edema around the blood vessels, mild vascular dilation, and endothelial cell damages at both 3 days and 3 months after BCCAO. E2 treatment markedly reduced the microvascular ultrastructural damages. Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in VEGF expression in the CA1 region at 6 h and 1 day after BCCAO followed by an obvious reduction till reaching the lowest level at 3 days; VEGF expression remained low even at 3 months after BCCAO and was significantly increased by E2 treatment.

CONCLUSIONSVascular structural damage occurs early after BCCAO and can last for 3 months. E2 replacement therapy at physiological doses can reduce the incidence of BCCAO-induced vascular dementia by up-regulating VEGF expression.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; pathology ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Dementia, Vascular ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Transcriptional Activation ; Up-Regulation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression and clinical significance of the Stat3 and Cyclin D1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). METHOD: The expression of Stat3 and Cyclin D1 in LSCC tissue were detected by the RT-PCR and Western blot method respectively, and then the relationship between Stat3 and Cyclin D1 protein expression level and relevant clinical factors of LSCC was explored. RESULT: Compared to the normal larynx mucosa group, the expression level of Stat3 and Cyclin D1 was significantly higher in LSCC (P < 0.01). The high expression level of Stat3 and Cyclin D1 protein in LSCC was correlated with the clinical stage, tumor differentiation and lymph node metastases (P < 0.01). The expression level of Stat3 was positively correlated with that of Cyclin D1, The correlation coefficient(r) was 0.564 (P < 0.01) for the protein expression and 0.552 (P < 0.01) for the mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Stat3 signaling pathway may play an important role in the tumorigenesis and progression of LSCC. The expression level of Stat3 and its target gene Cyclin D1 can reflect the malignancy degree of LSCC.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclin D1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism