Objective To investigate the effect of liver kinase B1(LKB1) on the radiosensitivity of subcutaneous xenograft tumor of lung cancer H460 cells in nude mice.Methods Human lung cancer H460 cells were implanted into female nude mice (BALB/c-nu) to establish a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of lung cancer.A total of 24 female nude mice in which the model was successfully established were equally and randomly divided into four groups:pEGFP-Ctrl plasmid (empty vector plasmid) group, irradiation (IR)+pEGFP-Ctrl plasmid group, pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid (overexpressing LKB1) group, and IR+pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group.The growth of xenograft tumors was observed and the tumor inhibition rate and enhancement factor (EF) were calculated.The expression of LKB1 in each group was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot to analyze the relationship between LKB1 and radiosensitivity.Results Compared with the pEGFP-Ctrl plasmid group, the IR+pEGFP-Ctrl plasmid group, pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group, and IR+pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group showed varying degrees of inhibition of tumor growth, particularly in the IR+pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group, and the tumor inhibition rates were 31.30%, 14.78%, and 43.48%, respectively.The EF of LKB1 in the IR+pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group was 1.18.The immunohistochemistry and Western blot showed that LKB1 could be effectively expressed in the pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group and IR+pEGFP-LKB1 plasmid group, but not in the other two groups.Conclusions The subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of human lung cancer H460 cells has been successfully established in nude mice.LKB1 has a radiosensitizing effect on the subcutaneous xenograft tumor of lung cancer H460 cells in nude mice.

Objective To establish the apoptosis model in mouse cone cell line 661W cells and to investigate the viability of 661W cells in the conditions of different levels of autophagy.Methods Different concentrations of anti-Fas antibody were added to establish the apoptosis model of 661W cells,the expression of caspase-3 was detected by Western blot and the appropriate concentration of anti-Fas antibody was screened.Different concentrations of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or autophagy inducer rapamycin were added to inhibit or induce autophagy,the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC-3) Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ were detected by Western blot and the appropriate concentrations were also screened.The cultured cells were divided into 6 groups:control group,simple 3-MA group,simple rapamycin group,model group,model + 3-MA group and model + rapamycin group.Western blot was adopted to detect the expression of caspase-3,caspase-8,autophagy related genes 5 (Atg-5) and LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ at 0 hour,3,6,12,24 and 48 hours after induction.Flowcytometer was adopted to detect the apoptosis rate of 661W cells.Results The apoptosis model of 661W cells was successfully established,and the appropriate concentration of anti-Fas antibody was 2.0 μg/ml.After stimulated by the anti-Fas antibody,the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 of 661W cells increased from the time point of 6 hours,peaked at 12 hours,and sustained to 48 hours.However,the expression of Atg-5 and LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ raised from the time point of 3 hours,peaked at 24 hours,and decreased to the basic level at 48 hours.In addition,the appropriate concentrations of 3-MA and rapamycin were 20 nmol/L and 2.0 nmol/L,respectively.There was no statistical difference among the control group,simple 3-MA group and simple rapamycin group on the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 and the apoptosis rate of 661W cells at different time points (all at P＞0.05).The expressions of Atg-5 and LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ in the simple rapamycin group were significantly higher than those in the control group at different time points (all at P＜0.05).The expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-8 and the apoptosis rate in the model + 3-MA group were significantlly higher than those in the model group at 3,6,12,24 and 48 hours after induction,while the expressions of Atg-5 and LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ were obviously lower than those in the model group at 3,6,12 and 24 hours after induction (all at P＜0.05).The expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-8 and the apoptosis rate at 6,12,24 and 48 hours after induction in the model+rapamycin group were significantly lower than those in the model group,while the expressions of Atg-5 and LC-3 Ⅱ/LC-3 Ⅰ at the time points of 3,6,12 and 24 hours after induction were obviously higher than those in the model group (all at P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Under the condition of anti Fas antibody inducing apoptosis,enhancing autophagy can reduce the apoptosis rate of cells,inhibiting autophagy can increase the apoptosis rate.Autophagy may play a protective role in 661W cells.

Objective To observe the features of temporal macular thinning and its value for the diagnosis of Alport syndrome (AS) in young patients.Methods Eighty-one young patients with AS (81 eyes) from Peking University First Hospital during January 2016 and July 2017 were included in this study.There were 67 males (67 eyes) and 14 females (14 eyes),the aged from 3 to 17 years,with the mean age of 9.6 years.Among 81 patients (81 eyes),there were 64 patients with X-linked AS (XLAS,including 53 males and 11 females),17 patients with autosomal recessive AS (ARAS,including 14 males and 3 females).One hundred healthy subjects aged 4 to 17 years were included as controls.Clinical data were retrospectively evaluated,including visual acuity,slit-lamp microscopy,dilated fundus photography,and OCT.Retinal thickness was measured with an OCT scan and the temporal thinning index (TTI) was calculated as stated in a previous study.The TTI values of each group was compared by One-way ANOVA or independent sample t test.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness for AS.Results The TTI of the control group,XLAS and ARAS patients were 6.46 ± 1.58,10.93 ± 3.77,12.14± 4.05,respectively.Compared with the control group,the TTI value of males were larger in the XLAS and ARAS group (F=45.056,P＜0.001),the TTI value of females were larger in the ARAS group (F=26.541,P＜0.001).The difference of TTI value in females was significant between the XLAS and ARAS groups (F=26.541,P＜0.001).In males,the area under the ROC curve was 0.896 (95％CI 0.837-0.955,P＜0.001).The optimal cutoff value of the TTI was determined as 9.47,with a sensitivity of 73.1％ and a specificity of 100％.Conclusions TTI is a common ocular finding in young patients with AS.In males,a TTI ＞ 9.47 may differentiate AS from normal males.

Objective To study inhibition of litsea cubeba oil on biofilm initial formation stage of Candida albicans ,in order to provide new sight for prevention and treatment of refractory infections arising from Candida albicans biofilm .Methods Observe the inhibition effect of different concentrations litsea cubeba oil on yeast budding by serum germ tube experiments .Results 2 -5μL/mL litsea cubeba oil could thoroughly inhibit budding growth of Candida albicans ,but haven′t antiseptic effect ,the inhibition rate of 0 .25 μL/mL litsea cubeba oil on Candida albicans germ was 85 .0% .Conclusion 2-5μL/mL litsea cubeba oil could completely inhibit the budding growth of Candida albicans ,but have no antiseptic effect .0 .25 μL/mL litsea cubeba oil could hardly inhibit the growth of buds .

BACKGROUNDTo explore the therapeutic effect of bronchial artery infusion chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy for lung cancer with malignant hydrothorax.

METHODSSeventy-five lung cancer patients with malignant hydrothorax were randomly divided into the two groups: 38 patients were given intrathoracic chemotherapy and bronchial artery infusion chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy as observing group; 37cases only received intrathoracic chemotherapy as control group. Chi-square assay was performed to analyze the efficacy (responses for lung cancer and hydrothorax control) after the first course of treatment and the 1-, 2-year survival rates in the two groups.

RESULTSAfter the first course of treatment, the total responses for lung cancer were 31.58% (12/38) and 5.41% (2/37) in the observing group and control group (Chi-square=8.46, P < 0.01) respectively ; and responses for hydrothorax control were 86.84% and 64.86% respectively (Chi-square= 4.96, P <0.05). The 1- and 2-year survival rates in the observing group were 65.79% (25/38) and 26.32% (10/38) respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (40.54% and 5.41%) respectively (Chi-square=4.80, P <0.05; Chi-square=6.10, P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe intrathoracic chemotherapy combined with bronchial artery infusion chemotherapy and immunotherapy is quite effective in the treatment of lung cancer with malignant hydrothorax.

treatment of LS-SCLC, two fractionation modes show similar short-term efficacy and survival benefits. However, hyperfractionated radiotherapy causes a higher incidence of radiation esophagitis than conventionally fractionated radiotherapy. Given that hyperfractionated radiotherapy is not superior to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy,conventionally fractionated radiotherapy is recommended for treating LS-SCLC.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety between neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical surgery and definite chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of Ⅰ B2-Ⅱ B cervical cancer.Methods A computerized search was performed in PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CBM,Wanfang Data,CNKI and VIP to collect controlled clinical trials related to neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical surgery versus definite chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of ⅠB2-ⅡB cervical cancer.The meta-analysis of survival data and adverse events was performed by Review Manager 5.3 software.Results Nine controlled clinical trials involving 3 914 patients were included in this meta-analysis.There were no significant differences in overall survival (HR =0.83,P =0.31) and progression-free survival (HR=O.85,P=0.57) between two groups.Compared with patients receiving definite chemoradiotherapy,those in the neoadjuvant therapy group had a significantly lower risk of irradiation enteritis (RR=0.27,P=0.03),whereas no significant difference was observed in the risk of irradiation cystitis (RR=0.30,P=0.34) and grade ≥ 3 neutropenia (RR=0.77,P=0.46) between two groups.Conclusion In the treatment of locally advanced ⅠB2-Ⅱ B cervical cancer,two modalities show similar survival benefits.Although the neoadjuvant therapy group yields a lower incidence of irradiation enteritis,the incidence rates of irradiation cystitis and grade ≥3 neutropenia do not significantly differ between two groups.Neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical surgery is not superior to the standard therapeutic regime.

Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety between high-dose (74 to 80 Gy) and conventional-dose (64.0 to 70.2 Gy) conventionally fractionated external beam radiotherapy for stage T1b-4No-1M0 prostate cancer in this meta-analysis.Methods A literature search was performed in PubMea,ambasa,aochrane Librara,aeb of Scienca,aBa,aanfang Data,aNKI and Chongqing VIP to collect clinical trials on high-dose versus conventional-dose conventionally fractionated external beam radiotherapy of prostate cancer from the inception to July 1,2018.The included literatures were evaluated by Cochrane quality evaluation criteria and subject to meta-analysis by using Review Manager 5.3 statistical software.Results A total of 7 randomized controlled clinical trials involving 4 132 patients were included in the meta-analysis.The meta-analysis showed that the high-dose and conventional-dose groups yielded similar 10-year overall survival (RR=1.01,95％CI:0.96 to 1.07,P=0.64) and 10-year prostate cancer-specific survival (RR=1.01,95％CI:0.98 to 1.03,P=0.47).The biochemical failure rate in the high-dose group was significantly lower than that in the conventional-dose group (RR =0.78,95％CI:0.70 to 0.86,P＜0.01).Compared with the conventional-dose groua,ahe incidence of late grade ≥ 2 gastrointestinal and genitourinary adverse reactions (RR=1.48,95％CI:1.31 to 1.67,P＜0.01;RR=1.35,95％CI:1.06 to 1.73,P=0.02) was significantly higher in the high-dose group.Conclusion High-dose conventionally fractionated external beam radiotherapy has advantages in reducing the biochemical failure rate of patients with stage T1b-4N0-1M0 prostate cancer.Nevertheless,whether it can improve overall survival and prostate cancer-specific survival remains to be validated.High-dose radiotherapy also induce a higher incidence rate of late grade ≥ 2 gastrointestinal and genitourinary adverse reactions compared with conventional-dose radiotherapy.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety between neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery and surgery alone in the treatment of resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Literature review was performed from Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CBM, Wanfang Data, CNKI and Chongqing VIP. The randomized controlled clinical trials of concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery versus surgery alone in the treatment of resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were retrieved. The meta-analysis of survival data, R₀ resection rate, incidences of postoperative complications and peritreatment mortality was conducted by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 1450 patients from 11 controlled clinical trials were included in this meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery group had significantly higher 2-and 5-year overall survival rate (RR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.05-1.23, P=0.00) and progression-free survival rate (RR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.05-2.32, P=0.03). R₀ resection rate were also improved in concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery group (RR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.05-1.14, P=0.00). Compared with the surgery alone group, the incidence of arrhythmia in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus surgery group was significantly higher (RR=2.45, 95%CI: 1.37-4.38, P=0.00). However, there was no significant difference in the overall incidence of postoperative complications (RR=1.12, 95%CI: 0.79-1.59, P=0.51) and incidence of peritreatment mortality (RR=1.78, 95%CI: 0.90-3.52, P=0.10) between two groups. Conclusions Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery improves the survival and R₀ resection rate over surgery alone among patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, whereas it does not increase the risk of postoperative complications. Consequently, neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is an optimal treatment for patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.