Objective To provide the exact anatomic basis for guidance of inserting catheter promptly.Methods Thirty five cases of adult crania were fixed by 10% liquor formaldehyde. In turn with precise discection of surrounding tissues and exposing carotid C 5～C 1 segments, paid attention to observe and measure vessel's trend, angulations, and direction of routes. Analysis of 50 cases of negative result of normal brain DSA is then taken as the basis for further application. Results Angulations of siphon were divided into 3 kinds of angulation and 1 characteristic curve but, the difference with the counter part is insignificant. Conclusions Mastering the applied anatomy of carotid could improve catheter maneuver and the rate of success.

Objective To evaluate the transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of polyamine cationic liposomes (PCL), and to screen for a cationic liposome with high potency and low toxicity. Methods Four kinds of PCLs, namely PCL-A, PCL-B, PCL-C and PCL-D, were prepared with polyamine cationic lipid TC-Chol or DC-Chol and the neutral phospholipid DOPE in different molar ratios (1∶1 or 3∶1). The morphology of the liposome was observed by transmission electron microscope. Plasmid PIRES2-EGFP, which contained an enhanced green fluorescencent-protein (EGFP) reporter gene, was transfected into Hela cells or Hep2 cells with PCL-A, PCL-B, PCL-C and PCL-D, respectively. Expression of EGFP was examined by fluorescence microscopy and the cytotoxicity of the transfected cells was determined with MTT assay. Results The shape of PCL-A, PCL-B, PCL-C and PCL-D was round or oval, most of the PCLs were about 50-200nm in diameter. The transfection efficiency of the four kinds of PCLs was about 19.8%-42.1%. Among them, PCL-C prepared with TC-Chol and DOPE at a molar ratio of 3∶1 showed a higher transfection efficiency (39.5%-42.1%) and lower cytotoxicity (cellular survival rate was 86.57%?3.23%-84.43%?4.18%). Conclusions The polyamine cationic liposome prepared with polyamine cationic lipids TC-Chol or DC-Chol and the neutral phospholipid DOPE at a certain molar ratio mediated the transfection of the plasmid PIRES2-EGFP into mammalian cells. PCL-C exhibited higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity, and it might be a promising agent for gene transfection and gene therapy.

Objective To explore the influence of polyamine-cholesterol cationic liposome (PCL)-mediated CpGODN aerosol on eosinophiles in the lung tissue of mouse asthma model. Methods Mouse asthma model was replicated by challenging with 1% ovalbumin aerosol. Mice were categonied into four groups, namely normal control, asthma control, CpGODN/PCL treatment group and CpGODN treatment group (6 each). The left lungs of mice were harvested, serially sectioned, hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained, and the infiltration of eosinophiles (EOS) was examined under microscope. Meanwhile, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for total and eosinophil cells count. Results An ovalbumin challenged mouse asthma model was successfully replicated. Pathological observation of the lung of asthma control showed increase in mucous secretion in alveolar space and peribronchial infiltration of large amount of inflammatory cells, primarily EOS and lymphocytes. The total cell number, EOS number and the ratio in BALF were significantly higher in asthma control group compared with that in both normal control group and CpGODN treatment group (P

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) for peripheral pulmonary lesions. Methods 200 cases with peripheral pulmonary lesions (0.8 cm < diameter < 4.0 cm) were divided into VBN and control group from June 2014 to June 2015. VBN group: VBN guided ultrafine bronchoscope to the target bronchus, control group: ultrafine bronchoscopy with chest CT as a reference guided to the target bronchus. Results There were no significant differences in the diagnosis rates between VBN group and control group in 200 patients (χ2 = 3.31, P = 0.069); But, the diagnosis rates with diameter more than 2.0 cm and less than or equal to 2.0 cm had statistically significant differences of VBN group and control group (χ2 = 13.45, 5.31, P = 0.000, 0.021, respectively); We also found that the mean time of biopsy tool reach to the lesions had significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.047). There were no significant differences in total checking time and complications (P = 0.230, 0.960, respectively). Conclusions Virtual bronchoscopic navigation did not improve the diagnosis rate of pulmonary peripheral lesions, but shortened the time to locate the lesions.

AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of Rhadiola Extract Injection for treatment of stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease with cariac blood stasis syndrome. METHODS: Arandomized,double-blind,positive drug parallel controlled,multi-center clinical trial was adopted.414 patients with stable angna pectoris of coronary heart disease with cariac blood stasis syndrome were randomly chosen and divided into two groups: test group(n=308 cases) and control group(n=106 cases).The test group was treated with Rhadiola Extract Injection and the control group received Xiangdan Injection.Treatment course of each group was 10 days.(RESULTS:) The therapeutic effect and changes of electrocardiogram in the test group were better than that of the control group(P0.05).The test group had no obvious side-effects. CONCLUSION: Rhadiola Extract Injection is safe and effective in treating stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease with cariac blood stasis syndrome.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of radial ultrasound (EBUS) combined with virtual navigation (VBN) in peripheral pulmonary nodules.Methods Two hundreds and forty cases of peripheral pulmonary nodules(0.8 cm≤diameter≤3 cm) in the respiratory department of our hospital from July 2014 to July 2015 were included and according to the different guide de vices,which were divided into the radial ultrasound combined with virtual navigation group (EBUS+ VBN group),radial ultrasound group (EBUS group),virtual navigation group (VBN group) and control group.The diagnostic rates were compared among the four groups and among different sizes of lesion.The time of lesion location and operating time were also compared between the EBUS+ VBN group and EBUS group.Results Among 240 cases,the diagnostic rate in the EBUS+VBN group was highest(81.67％),and the diagnostic rates had statistically significant difference among the four groups (x2=19.344,P=0.00);the diagnostic rates of lesions less than 2 cm in diameter were lower than that of lesions ＞2 cm in the EBUS+-VBN group and EBUS group,but without statistically significant difference (x2 =2.04,3.40,P =0.15,0.07);the locating lesions time and operating times in the EBUS+ VBN group were shorter than those in the EBUS group,but the difference between them was not statistically significant (P=0.03,0.04).Conclusion EBUS combined with VBN could improve the diagnostic rate of peripheral pulmonary nodules and shorten the time of lesion location and operating time.

Objective To discuss the surgical strategy of parasagittal and falcial meningiomas in the middle 1/3 cortex area and raise resective rates of tumors and surgical effects.Methods The clinical,imaging and operative data of 74 cases of parasagittal and falcial meningiomas in the middle cortex area which underwent operation were reviewed and followed up.Results Of 74 tunors,67 were resected with Simpson Ⅱ grade,7 with Simpson Ⅲ,none of them with Simpson Ⅰ.Superior sagittal sinus and the vein of central suleus and feeders of cortex were reserved well.Severe brain injury was not occurred in 66 cases with tumors debulking(Simpson Ⅱ 61 cases,Simpson Ⅲ 5 cases),the neuro-functions of patients were normal or transient slight weakness of contralateral lower extremities postoperatively.Tumors of 8 cases were "turned over" and resected by piecemeal (Simpson Ⅱ 6 cases,Simpson Ⅲ 2 cases),weakness and paralysis of contralateral lower extremities occurred in 7 cases and 1 cases respectively after surgery.Followed-up ranged from 6 months to 4 years and 2 months,4 cases were lost to follow-up.Neuro-function of all cases with weakness of contralateral lower extremities recovered after one month.Muscle strength of the cases with paralysis of contralateral extremity recovered to grade Ⅳ 6 months later,no recurrence and death.Conclusion The measures,including piecemeal tumor reseeted mierosugically,good protection of the vein of central sulcus,excellent management of superior sagittal sinus,and avoiding damage to functional cerebral cortex during operations,are best ways for raising the tumor resection rate and nearo-function reserved.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical guiding significance of Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of herb-induced liver injury in the diagnosis of herb-induced liver injury (HILI). MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 595 hospitalized patients who were admitted to 302 Hospital of PLA from January 2009 to January 2014 and diagnosed with HILI according to HILI diagnostic strategies recommended by American College of Gastroenterology. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsAccording to the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of HILI, all 595 patients (100%) were diagnosed with suspected HILI, 234 (39.3%) were diagnosed with clinical HILI, and 52(8.7%) were diagnosed with definite HILI. Among the patients with clinical and definite HILI, 85.0% and 94.2%, respectively, had a clinical type of cell injury, and 52.6% and 423%, respectively, had a severe disease. There were no significant differences in prognosis between the patients with suspected, clinical, and definite HILI, and 81.5%, 82.5%, and 80.8%, respectively, were cured. ConclusionGuideline for diagnosis and treatment of HILI can effectively guide the diagnosis of HILI, avoid misdiagnosis in clinical practice, and guarantee the safe application of Chinese herbal medicine. Its clinical guiding significance in the diagnosis of HILI awaits more prospective studies.

Objective To analyze the preventive and therapeutic effects of a traditional Chinese medicine Taohe Chengqi decoction on a rat models of hepatic encephalopathy ( HE) induced by thioacetamide ( TAA) .Methods The rat model of HE was established by intraperitoneal injection of TAA,and the effects of Taohe Chengqi decoction were observed by neurobehavioral changes,neurological test,blood ammonia,serum biochemical indexes,and liver and brain pathological examination.Results The rat model of hepatic encephalopathy was successfully established.Low, medium and high dose Taohe Chengqi decoction markedly improved neuro-reflexes and liver and brain pathological damages, and significantly decreased the HE staging and serum biochemical indexes, and the results of high dose group was the best, similar to that of positive drug-treatment group.Conclusions Taohe Chengqi decoction exhibits promising preventive and therapeutic effects on the rat model of TAA-induced hepatic encephalopathy, and these results provide substantial experimetal evidence for its clinical application.