Objective To investigate the construction and significance of in vivo pelvis and abdominal-pelvic arterial vascular network in digital three-dimensional (3D) model for uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the application of surgical approach planning based on computerized tomographic angiography(CTA).Methods A series of digital imaging and communications in medicine 3.0 (Dicom 3.0) were obtained from a woman with myoma of uterus by CTA scanning.Then the software Mimics Version 10.01 was used to construct the pelvic and the arterial vascular network 3D model.Results The digital model could clearly display the abdominal aorta,bilateral common iliac arteries,left and right external iliac artery,internal iliac artery and its branches around the stage ; the right uterine artery emitted in the inferior gluteal artery opening below 15.91 mm,the left uterine artery in inferior gluteal artery below the opening of 15.21 mm,the adjacent artery of internal pudendal artery.At the same time,the artery length and angle of bifurcation were accurately measured.The bifurcation angle of abdominal aorta in fifth lumbar vertebral body edge,was 66.58°,the bifurcation angle of right internal iliac artery was 46.23°,the length of right common iliac artery was 51.43 mm,the bifurcation angle between left and external internal iliac artery was 36.45°,the length of left common iliac artery and 67.50 mm.According to the preoperative approach planning,guided wire across the inferior gluteal artery to the lower 15.00 mm and rotating digital subtraction angiography(DSA) tube,could clearly display the uterine artery opening outward by rotating guide wire,which was relatively easy to enter the uterine artery.Conclusion The female pelvic arterial network model in vivo could be successfully constructed by using Mimics Version 10.01 software with database collected through CTA,which may contribute to the materialization of digital models and be used for preoperative surgical simulator.

Objective]To explore the metastasis regulatory of lymph node of papillary thyroid cancer and to analyze the influence factors.[Methods]Clinical data of 375 papillary thyroid cancer patients at our hospital between Jun 2011 and Sep 2015 were retrospectively reviewed and summarized the metastasis regulatory of lymph nodes and the tumor characteristics.[Results]All selected patients were diagnosed papillary thyroid cancer. The Total metastasis rate of cervical lymph node was 67.47%,the metastasis rate of region Ⅵ lymph nodes was 64.27%;the metastasis rate of region Ⅱ~Ⅴ lymph nodes was 36.53%. The metastasis rate of lymph nodes of the patients with tumor diameter over 1 cm,breaking through thyroid membrane and invading the cervical muscle were significantly increased(P < 0.05).[Conclusion]The central group lymph nodes were the most metastasis region of papillary thyroid cancer and should routinely be dissected by the first time of surgery. When the tumor diameter greater than 1 cm or cancer breakthrough thyroid membrane and/or invading the cervical muscles ,the ipsilateral lateral neck lymph nodes should be dissected at the same time.

OBJECTIVETo test the antitumor effect of a human triple-negative breast cancer cell-dendritic cell (DC) fusion vaccine.

METHODSDCs were isolated from fresh peripheral blood of healthy donors. The fusion vaccine was prepared by fusing the DCs and MDA-MB-231 cells via electrofusion. The morphology of the vaccine was identified under inverted fluorescence microscope and the phenotypes were analyzed with flow cytometry. The production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by the fusion cells was assessed using ELISA. A CCK-8 kit was used to examine the effect of the vaccine in stimulating the proliferation and cytotoxicity of autologous T lymphocytes.

RESULTSThe DCs isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells highly expressed CD83, CD86, CD11c and HLA-DR on the cell surface. The fusion cells were irregular in shape and coexpressed the phenotypes of DCs and MDA-MB-231 cells. The fusion cells possessed a strong ability to stimulate the proliferation of T lymphocytes in vitro. Compared with the control group, the fusion vaccine showed a stronger antitumor effect against the breast cancer cells.

CONCLUSIONThe triple-negative breast cancer-DC fusion vaccine prepared by electrofusion can stimulate the proliferation of T lymphocytes and induces strong cytotoxicity of the T cells against breast cancer cells.

Breast Neoplasms ; immunology ; Cancer Vaccines ; immunology ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; Interleukin-12 ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL).MethodsClinical data of 9 patients with PHL who admitted and treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between March 2008 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients, 6 were males and 3 were females with the age ranging from 46 to 61 years old and the median of 53 years old. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. The clinical manifestation, diagnosis procedure, therapeutic regimen and prognosis of the patients were analyzed.ResultsAmong the 9 patients, 4 cases saw the doctor for the ifnding of a hepatic space-occupying lesion, 3 cases for epigastric pain, and 2 cases for fever. Nine cases were complicated with chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV). Elevated preoperative serum lactate dehydrogenase was observed in 3 cases. Ultrasound examination indicated a hypoechoic echogenic mass in the liver, and plain CT scan indicated a low-density lesion in the liver. The diagnosis of all 9 patients was confirmed by the pathological examination. Two cases underwent simple resection, 2 underwent resection + chemotherapy and 5 underwent liver biopsy + chemotherapy. By the paper submission date, 6 patients survived and 4 of them survived more than 12 months.ConclusionsThe clinical manifestation and imaging ifndings of PHL are non-speciifc. Conifrmed diagnosis depends on the pathological examination, and surgical resection combined with chemotherapy is an effective treatment.

Objective To investigate the role of SIAH2 protein in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Human HCC Bel-7404 cells in logarithmic growth phase were inoculated. Empty carrier small interference ribonucleic acid (siRNA) and SIAH2 siRNA were transfected in human HCC Bel-7404 cells. Then the cells were divided into 2 groups:control-siRNA group and SIAH2-siRNA group. Theβ-actin was taken as control, and the expression of SIAH2 protein in human HCC Bel-7404 cells of 2 groups was detected by Western Blot. The proliferation of cells in 2 groups was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell migration in 2 groups was observed by cell scratch test. Cell invasion in 2 groups was observed by Transwell assay. The data in 2 groups were compared using t test. Results The average relative expression of SIAN2 in control-siRNA and SIAH2-siRNA group were 0.71±0.02, 0.33±0.01 respectively. The expression of SIAN2 in SIAH2-siRNA group decreased obviously compared with that in control-siRNA group (t=-4.629, P<0.05). The proliferation rate in SIAH2-siRNA group also decreased obviously. The cell migration rate in SIAH2-siRNA group[(14.3±0.4)%] was significantly lower than that in control-siRNA group [(45.3±0.4)%]( t=-3.689, P<0.05). The membrane permeating cell count in SIAH2-siRNA group (122±7) was signiifcantly less than that in control-siRNA group (563±10) (t=-3.428, P<0.05). Conclusion SIAH2 protein can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells and thus accelerate the occurrence and development of HCC.

Objective To establish a NOD/SCID mouse model with human immune reconstitution and observe its immune response to human triple-negative breast cancer xenograft. Methods Twenty-four NOD/SCID mice without immune leakage were subjected to cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment 3 days prior to immune reconstitution with human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) injection and subcutaneous transplantation of human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, CTX treatment and PBMC injection without tumor cell transplantation, MDA-MB-231 cell transplantation only, or no treatments. The tumor growth and immune responses of the mice were observed at regular intervals. Results Compared with the tumor-bearing mice, the tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution showed prolonged incubation period of tumor formation, slower tumor growth rate and increased survival rate. Human IgG and CD3+T cells were detected in the peripheral blood of the mice 1 week after human PBMC injection. The percentage of CD3+T cells in the spleen cells was 55.3%at 9 weeks in tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution and 52.7% in tumor-bearing mice without immune reconstitution. The spleen index of the tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution was much higher than that in mice with only immune reconstitution and the control mice (9.64 vs 3.82±0.31 and 1.51±0.14 mg/g). Conclusion A stable NOD/SCID mouse model with immune reconstitution has been established successfully, which shows immune responses to triple-negative breast cancer xenografts and allows studies of immunological therapy study of triple-negative breast cancer.

Objective To establish a NOD/SCID mouse model with human immune reconstitution and observe its immune response to human triple-negative breast cancer xenograft. Methods Twenty-four NOD/SCID mice without immune leakage were subjected to cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment 3 days prior to immune reconstitution with human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) injection and subcutaneous transplantation of human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, CTX treatment and PBMC injection without tumor cell transplantation, MDA-MB-231 cell transplantation only, or no treatments. The tumor growth and immune responses of the mice were observed at regular intervals. Results Compared with the tumor-bearing mice, the tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution showed prolonged incubation period of tumor formation, slower tumor growth rate and increased survival rate. Human IgG and CD3+T cells were detected in the peripheral blood of the mice 1 week after human PBMC injection. The percentage of CD3+T cells in the spleen cells was 55.3%at 9 weeks in tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution and 52.7% in tumor-bearing mice without immune reconstitution. The spleen index of the tumor-bearing mice with immune reconstitution was much higher than that in mice with only immune reconstitution and the control mice (9.64 vs 3.82±0.31 and 1.51±0.14 mg/g). Conclusion A stable NOD/SCID mouse model with immune reconstitution has been established successfully, which shows immune responses to triple-negative breast cancer xenografts and allows studies of immunological therapy study of triple-negative breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with chemotherapy for liver metastases from breast cancer. Methods Clinical data of 6 patients with liver metastases from breast cancer in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-sen University from January 2009 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the ethical committee approval was received. All the patients were female with the age ranging from 35 to 65 years old and a median of 54 years old. The liver metastases were all single metastases. The tumor diameter was 1.5 to 4.5 cm with a median of 2.5 cm. The patients received modified radical mastectomy 6 to 30 months before treatments and all received chemotherapy after the operations. The liver metastases were confirmed by ultrasound, CT and MRI. RFA was performed percutaneously under the guidance of ultrasound on the patients. After 1 week of RFA treatment, individual chemotherapy was given to the patients according to their previous chemotherapy regimen and the situation of liver metastases. The focus necrosis was checked by contrast enhanced CT or MRI examination 1 month after the RFA treatment. The curative effect of RFA was observed based on the imaging examinations. According to the patients' survival and tumor recurrence, survival analysis was conducted by drawing Kaplan-Meier curves. Results After the first RFA on 6 cases, the liver metastases in 5 cases were observed with total necrosis, and 1 case with partial necrosis. The one with partial necrosis then received the second RFA. Local recurrence of the tumor was observed in 1 case during the follow-up. All the patients survived with a median tumor-free survival time of 18 months. Conclusions The combination theraphy of RFA and chemotherapy has a definite effect for liver metastases from breast cancer and is a safe, effective comprehensive therapeutic regimen.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effects of radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection for liver metastasis from breast cancer.MethodsClinical data of 15 patients with liver metastasis from breast cancer admitted and treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 2010 and May 2014 were retrospectively studied. All patients were females with the age ranging from 33 to 66 years old and the median of 49 years old. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval had been received. According to the different therapeutic regimen, the patients were divided into radiofrequency ablation + chemotherapy group (ablation group,n=9) and surgery +chemotherapy group (surgery group,n=6). The conditions of two groups during the perioperative period were observed and the survival analysis was performed. The observations during perioperative period between two groups was compared usingt test, the rates was compared using Fisher's exact test and the survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test.ResultsThe mean operation time of the ablation group was (26±5) min, which was significantly shorter than (151±27) min of the surgery group (t=-18.69,P<0.05). No case in the ablation group received blood transfusion while 3 cases in the surgery group received blood transfusion during the operation. The tumor clearance rate of the surgery group was 100%,which was the same with that of the ablation group. The postoperative hospital stay of the ablation group was (6±2) d, which was signiifcantly shorter than (11±5) d of the surgery group (t=-3.70,P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications of the ablation group was 4/9, which was signiifcantly lower than 5/6 of the surgery group (P=0.02). The median survival time of the ablation group and the surgery group was respectively 33, 23 months. The 1-, 2- and 5-year cumulative survival rate were respectively 88.9%, 66.7% and 22.2% for the ablation group and were respectively 82.3%, 50.0% and 0 for the surgery group and no significant difference was observed between two groups (χ2=1.53,P>0.05).ConclusionsThe radiofrequency ablation for patients with liver metastasis from breast cancer can have the same therapeutic effect with surgical resection, and has advantages of short operation time, low incidence of postoperative complications and short postoperative hospital stay.