Osteoporosis （OP） is a systemic metabolic bone disease caused by various factors， with a high incidence， and its pathogenesis is not yet clear. There is no specific drug for prevention and treatment， making it a significant global public health issue. In recent years， research has found that autophagy plays a role in the development of OP， and intervention in autophagy has become a hot topic in OP treatment. With further research， there has been a gradual increase in studies related to autophagy regulation by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） to treat OP， and the treatment efficacy has been recognized. However， there is still a lack of systematic reviews on the mechanisms of autophagy in OP and the specific targets of TCM intervention in autophagy for OP treatment. Therefore， this article systematically reviewed the impact of autophagy on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs）， osteoblasts， osteoclasts， and bone cells in the development of OP， as well as studies on TCM intervention in cell autophagy for OP treatment， aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the treatment of OP and further research in this field.

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy of thread-moxa in Zhuang folk medicine (TM) combined with acupuncture and external application drugs for AIDS patients with herpes zoster (AHZ).

METHODSA randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted in 60 patients with AHZ. They were randomly assigned to the treatment group (treated with TM combined with acupuncture and Jingwanhong Scald Ointment) and the control group (treated with Famciclovir Tablet, nimesulide dispersible tablet, vitamin B1, ribavirin ointment). The treatment course was 14 days for both groups.The clinical efficacy, significant efficiency visual analog scale score (VAS), sleep quality score (QS), the postherpetic neuralgia rate in 1 year after treatment were observed.

RESULTSThe markedly effective rate was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (86.7% vs. 53.3%, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the total effective rate between the two groups (96.7% vs. 80.0%, P > 0.05). The post-treatment VAS, QS, the time for pain disappearance, skin repair, crusting, and 1-year postherpetic neuralgia incidence rate were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSTM combined with acupuncture and Jingwanhong Scald Ointment was effective for treating AHZ patients. It relieved pain quickly, shortened their course of disease, and improved their quality of sleep.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; therapy ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Herpes Zoster ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Management ; Phytotherapy ; Sleep ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Dujieqing Oral Liquid (DJQ) on the promoter methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene in the plasma DNA samples from middle-and-late stage tumor patients receiving chemotherapy.

METHODSRecruited 60 patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group (treated by conventional chemotherapy combined DJQ, 20 mL each time, three times daily) and the control group (treated by chemotherapy alone), 30 in each group. The therapeutic course was 8 weeks. The promoter methylation of the MGMT gene in the plasma DNA samples form middle-and-late stage tumor patients receiving chemotherapy was detected before and after treatment using nested methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Meanwhile, the peripheral hemogram was detected. The clinical efficacy and toxic/adverse reactions were assessed using Karnofsky performance scale (KPS).

RESULTSResults of the promoter methylation of MGMT genes showed that methylation rate was 20.00% in the treatment group and 46.67% in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the KPS was significantly improved in the treatment group after treatment, while it significantly decreased in the control group after treatment (both P<0.05). There was statistical difference in the KPS between the two groups after treatment (P<0.01). The toxic/adverse reactions were milder in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSDJQ showed efficiency synergism and toxicity reducing effects, but with no effect on the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow. MGMT gene was indicated as DJQ's target point for efficiency synergism and toxicity reducing. The efficiency synergism and toxicity reducing effects were achieved by regulating the activities of MGMT gene.

Adult ; Aged ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Modification Methylases ; genetics ; DNA Repair Enzymes ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics

Objective To investigate the changes in behavioristics,substantia nigra tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive cells,and ultrastructure of substantia nigra neurons in rats after manganese exposure via intracerebral injection.Methods A total of 72 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into exposure group and control group,with 36 rats in each group.The stereotactic technique was used for injection of 1 μl MnCl2·4H2O(1 mol/L) into the corpus striatum in the exposure group,and the control group was injected with the same volume of normal saline.The changes in rotational behavior,number of TH immunoreactive cells in the substantia nigra,and ultrastructure of the substantia nigra induced by apomorphine were observed at 8 hours and 1,3,7,15,and 30 days after injection,and this measure was compared with manganese exposure via intraperitoneal injection.Results After apomorphine induction for 30 minutes,the exposure group showed a gradual increase in the number of rotations over the time of manganese exposure (F=176.921,P＜0.01) and a significantly higher number of rotations than the control group (F=482.654,P＜0.01).The exposure group showed a gradual reduction in the mean A value of TH immunoreactive cells in the injured substantia nigra over the time of exposure(F=12.009,P＜0.01),and this value differed significantly between the injured substantia nigra in the exposure group and the contralateral substantia nigra in the exposure group and the injured side in the control group(F=36.131,P＜0.01).At 3,7,15,and 30 days after exposure,the injured substantia nigra showed a significantly lower mean A value of TH immunoreactive cells than the contralateral side in the exposure group (all P＜0.01).At 7,15,and 30 days,the injured substantia nigra in the exposure group showed a significantly lower mean A value than the injured side in the control group (all P＜0.01).After manganese exposure,substantia nigra neurons showed the changes including mitochondrial swelling,dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum,and demyelination of nerve fibers in different stages,which suggested the dynamic process of dopaminergic neuron injuries.Compared with manganese exposure via intraperitoneal injection,manganese exposure via intracerebral injection can induce behavioral changes and injuries of the substantia nigra-striatum system more quickly.Conclusion Manganese exposure via intracerebral injection induces behavioral changes and injuries of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in rats within a short time.

Objective To investigate the changes in behavioristics,substantia nigra tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive cells,and ultrastructure of substantia nigra neurons in rats after manganese exposure via intracerebral injection.Methods A total of 72 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into exposure group and control group,with 36 rats in each group.The stereotactic technique was used for injection of 1 μl MnCl2·4H2O(1 mol/L) into the corpus striatum in the exposure group,and the control group was injected with the same volume of normal saline.The changes in rotational behavior,number of TH immunoreactive cells in the substantia nigra,and ultrastructure of the substantia nigra induced by apomorphine were observed at 8 hours and 1,3,7,15,and 30 days after injection,and this measure was compared with manganese exposure via intraperitoneal injection.Results After apomorphine induction for 30 minutes,the exposure group showed a gradual increase in the number of rotations over the time of manganese exposure (F=176.921,P＜0.01) and a significantly higher number of rotations than the control group (F=482.654,P＜0.01).The exposure group showed a gradual reduction in the mean A value of TH immunoreactive cells in the injured substantia nigra over the time of exposure(F=12.009,P＜0.01),and this value differed significantly between the injured substantia nigra in the exposure group and the contralateral substantia nigra in the exposure group and the injured side in the control group(F=36.131,P＜0.01).At 3,7,15,and 30 days after exposure,the injured substantia nigra showed a significantly lower mean A value of TH immunoreactive cells than the contralateral side in the exposure group (all P＜0.01).At 7,15,and 30 days,the injured substantia nigra in the exposure group showed a significantly lower mean A value than the injured side in the control group (all P＜0.01).After manganese exposure,substantia nigra neurons showed the changes including mitochondrial swelling,dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum,and demyelination of nerve fibers in different stages,which suggested the dynamic process of dopaminergic neuron injuries.Compared with manganese exposure via intraperitoneal injection,manganese exposure via intracerebral injection can induce behavioral changes and injuries of the substantia nigra-striatum system more quickly.Conclusion Manganese exposure via intracerebral injection induces behavioral changes and injuries of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in rats within a short time.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of moxibustion combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and simple HAART for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients.

METHODSA total of 100 patients with HIV receiving HAART were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 50 cases in each one. In the observation group, moxibustion was used at Zusanli (ST 36), Guanyuan (CV 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc. combined with HAART of zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine and efavirenzone, etc. Simple HAART was used in the control group. The patients were observed for 18 months. The indexes were CD, CD/CD, interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 7 (IL-7), the incidence of side effects and the score of quality of life.

RESULTSAfter treatment, CD, CD/CD, serum IL-2 and the scores of quality of life (physiological, psychological, social relation fields and comprehensive score) increased and serum IL-7 decreased compared with those before treatment in the two groups (<0.01,<0.05), with better results except CDin the observation group (<0.01,<0.05). The incidences of gastrointestinal side effects and total side effects in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (14% (7/50) vs 32% (16/50), 58% (29/50) vs 80% (40/50), both<0.05).

CONCLUSIONMoxibustion combined with HAART for HIV infected patients could reduce the incidence of side effects, improve medication compliance, CD/CD, IL-2, IL-7 and the quality of life.

Objective:To observe the protective effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang combined with Shengmaiyin on the heart function in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy and explore its anti-myocardial fibrosis and anti-inflammatory effects. Method:The 96 patients were randomly divided into observation group （48 cases） and control group （48 cases）. Both groups were given comprehensive measures to control blood sugar， blood lipids， blood pressure and heart failure. Patients in control group took Tongmai Jiangtang capsule， 3 granules/time， 3 times/day. Patients in observation group took Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang combined with modified Shengmaiyin， 1 dose/day. The treatment courses were three months in both groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， early diastolic peak velocity E peak/late diastolic peak velocity A peak （E/A）， left ventricular end diastolic diameter （LVEDd） and cardiac output per stroke （SV） through echocardiography were recorded before and after therapy. Cardiac troponin-I （cTn I）， troponin T （cTn-T）， creatine kinase isoenzyme -MB （CK-MB）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁） before and after treatment ， matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）， insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-1， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）， soluble ST2 （sST2） and galectin-3 （Gal-3） levels were detected. Symptom of cardiac insufficiency and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score were evaluated before and after treatment. Result:The LVEF and E/A data in observation group were higher than those in control group （P<0.01）. The levels of cTn-I， cTn-T， LDH and CK-MB in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.01）. After treatment， the levels of TGF-β₁， MMP-2， IGF-1， IL-6， IL-1， TNF-α， NT-proBNP， sST2 and Gal-3 in the observation group decreased and were lower than those in the control group （P<0.01）. The clinical efficacy of the observation group was better than that of the control group （Z=1.974，P<0.05）. Conclusion:On the basis of conventional intervention of western medicine， Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang combined with modified Shengmaiyin has anti-inflammatory and anti-myocardial fibrosis effects， with inhibitory effect on myocardial remodeling， and can reduce myocardial tissue damage to improve ventricular diastolic function and protect heart function. With such high clinical efficacy， it is worthy of clinical use.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of compound Huanggen granules combined with Entecavir tablets for patients with chronic hepatitis B with syndrome of collateral retardation due to blood stasis. Method:The 130 patients with chronic hepatitis B with syndrome of collateral retardation due to blood stasis were randomly divided into observation group and control group by using random number table method. The 65 patients in observation group were treated with compound Huanggen granules combined with Entecavir tablets， and 65 patients in control group were treated with Entecavir tablets orally. The changes of liver function ［alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， total bilirubin（TBIL）， albumin（Alb）］ ， coagulation function ［prothrombin time（PT）， activated partial thromboplastin time（APTT）， thrombin time（TT）， fibrinogen（FIB）］， serum Hepatitis B Virus DNA（HBV DNA） levels， hepatitis B e antigen quantification（HBeAg）， stiffness of the liver， liver imaging （portal vein width， spleen thickness）， liver histopathology knodell HAI classification for chronic hepatitis， and changes in ishak fibrosis score at 24，48 weeks were observed in both groups. Result:After 48 weeks， the indexes of the two groups were improved to different degrees （P<0.05，P<0.01）， serum HBV DNA negative conversion rate， liver function， coagulation index， liver stiffness， portal vein diameter， Knodell HAI grade portal inflammation， interface activity， hepatic lobular activity， and Ishak fibrosis score in observation group were better than those in the control group （P<0.05）. Patients in the control group had no significant improvement in liver lobular activity after treatment in the Knodell HAI classification of chronic hepatitis. Conclusion:Compound Huanggen granules combined with Entecavir tablets are more effective in treating patients with chronic hepatitis B with syndrome of collateral retardation due to blood stasis than Entecavir tablets alone. The combination of two drugs helps to improve the rapid response rate of HBV DNA， and has a better effect on improving liver function， controlling the development of liver fibrosis and preventing related complications.