OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Tiaojingzhuyun capsules on endometrial receptivity in mice with implanta-tion dysfunction and corresponding mechanism. METHODS:Pregnant mice were randomized into normal group,model group and the groups of low and high-dose [12,24 g/(kg·d)] Tiaojingzhuyun capsules,with 10 mice in each group. The mice in the drug ad-ministration groups were given corresponding drugs intragastrically,while those in the normal group and the model group were giv-en normal saline intragastrically,for 3 consecutive days from the 1st day of pregnancy. On the 4th day of pregnancy,the mice in all groups except for the normal group were given mifepristone solution subactaneously to establish model of implantation dysfunc-tion. On the 5th day of pregnancy,the mice were sacrificed,and then the change in endometrial morphology was observed and en-dometrial maturity was scored;the protein expression levels of leukaemia inhibitory factor(LIF),homoeobox gene HOXA10,ma-trix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9)and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory factor 1(TIMP-1)expression in endometrial tissues were determined. RESULTS:Compared to the normal group,the mice in the model group and the drug administration groups had endo-metrial hypoplasia and obviously lower endometrial maturity score and protein expression levels of LIF,HOXA10,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in endometrial tissues(P<0.05). Compared to the model group,the mice in the drug administration groups demonstrated endometrial development which improved or tended to be normal and had significantly higher indexes mentioned above(P<0.05);besides,the effect shown in the group of high-dose Tiaojingzhuyun capsules was stronger than that in the group of low-dose Tiao-jingzhuyun capsules (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Tiaojingzhuyun capsules can improve the endometrial receptivity in mice with implantation dysfunction by a mechanism which may be related to upregulating the gene expression of HOXA10 and LIF,and main-taining the balance of MMP-9 and TIMP-1.

Early growth is associated with later health outcomes including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.It has been suggested that these associations are mediated through classical risk factors , for example dyslipidemia .It has confirmed that post-prandial levels of many risk factors have been proposed to be more important than fasting levels in the initiation and progression of a -dulthood diseases .The studies about the effect of early growth on postprandial responses have attracted considerable attention .This re-view focuses on the relationship between early growth and postprandial responses , and the role of both in adulthood diseases , aiming to further discuss the relationship and possible mechanism between early growth and later diseases .

OBJECTIVE:To detect curative mechanism of bushen huoxue huatan formula on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)model rats. METHODS:50 rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model control group,positive control group [rosiglitazone,3.0 mg/(kg·d)] and Bushen huoxue huatan formula high-dose,low-dose groups [7.5,5.0 g/(kg·d)],10 in each group. Except for normal control group,the PCOS model was induced by Poresky method in other groups. After modeling, normal control group and model control group were received normal saline intragastrically,medicine groups were received corre-sponding liquids intragastrically,once a day,for 22 d. After administration,the serum levels of testosterone (T),anti-mullerian hormone (AMH),insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and the positive expression of trans-forming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)in ovarian tissue were determined. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,T,AMH, IGF-Ⅰ,TNF-αlevels in serum and TGF-β1 positive expression rate in ovarian tissue of rats in model control group were significant-ly increased(P<0.05);compared with model control group,T,AMH,IGF-Ⅰ,TNF-α levels in serum and TGF-β1 positive ex-pression rate of rats in ovarian tissue in other medicine groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the indexes in Bushen huoxue huatan formula different doses groups were superior to positive control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Bushen huoxue huatan formula can obviously reduce the T,AMH,IGF-Ⅰ,TNF-α levels in serum and TGF-β1 positive expression rate in ovarian tissue in model rats with PCOS,which may be one of the mechanisms of its treatment for PCOS.

Objective To customize the optimal plans for radioactive 125I seeds volumetric implants in selected regular target volumes.Methods 125I seeds were symmetrically and uniformly implanted into 3 spherical targets with the diameters of 1,2 and 3 cm and 7 ellipsoidal targets with the 3 dimensions of 1 cm×1 cm×2 cm,1 cm×1 cm×3 cm,1 cm×2cm×2cm,1 cm×2 cm×3 cm,1 cm ×3 cm×3 cm,2 cm×2 cm×3 cm and2 cm×3 cm×3 cm.The activity and inter-space of seeds were adjusted to obtain the conformal and uniform dose distribution,with the prescribed D90 (the dose delivered to 90％ of the targets) greater than 145 Gy.The inter-space of seeds was changed from 1 cm to 0.75 cm,to improve the conformity and uniformity of dose distribution.Plan quality was assessed using homogeneity index (HI),external index (EI) and conformal index (CI).The activity and number of seeds implanted were also recorded and compared.Results For the spherical target with the diameter of 1 cm,when seeds were implanted with the inter-space of 1 cm and 0.75 cm,the HI were 40.0％ and 55.9％,the EI were 98.3％ and 95.1％,the CI were 0.44 and 0.44,respectively.For the spherical target with the diameter of 3 cm and the target with the 3 dimensions of 1 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm,the implant with the inter-space of 1 cm provided better indices of HI,EI and CI than those with the inter-space of 0.75 cm.For the other targets,the implants with the inter-space of 0.75 cm provided better indices of EI and CI than those with the inter-space of 1 cm,although they displayed a little worse homogeneity in terms of HI.The activity per seed was 17.0-27.8 MBq and 30.0-58.8 MBq in the implants with the inter-spaces of 0.75 cm and 1 cm,respectively.2-10 more seeds were needed in the implants with the inter-space of 0.75 cm.Conclusions For the studied targets except the spherical targets with the diameter of 1 cm and 3 cm and the ellipsoidal target with the dimension of 1 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm,125I seeds implanted with the inter-space of 0.75 cm could provide more conformal dose distribution.It could be the better customized plans for uniformly spaced seed implantation.

Objective To compare the dosimetric differences of permanent prostate braehytherapy utilizing 131Cs,125 I and 103 Pd seeds.Methods Twenty-five patients with T1-T2c prostate cancer who had previously implanted with 125I seeds were randomly selected in our study.The patients were re-planned with 131 Cs,125 I and 103 Pd seeds by using the Prowess Brachytherpay 3.1 planning system to the prescription doses of 115 Gy,145 Gy and 125 Gy,respectively.The seed strengths were 1.8 U,0.5 U and 1.8 U,respeetively. The prostate,prostatic urethra and anterior wall of the rectum were contoured on trans-rectal ultrasound ima ges.PTV was outlined based on the prostate volume with no margin applied.The attempted planning goals were that V100(tbe percentage volume of the prostate receiving at least 100% of the prescription doses)= 95%,D90 (the minimum percentage dose covering 90% of the prostate volume) ≥100% ,and prostatic ure thra UD10 (the maximum percentage dose receiving by 10% of the contoured urethra)≤150%.For the plan comparison,we also computed prostate V150,prostatic urethra UV120,rectum RV100,and the number of implan ted seeds and needles.The significance of the differences was tested using one way analysis of variance. Results The average V200 in the 103pd,125 I and 131 Cs plans were 28.7% ,20.9% and 19.6% (F=42.50, P =0.000) ;the average V150 were 51.9% ,42.1% and 39.4% (F=26.15,P =0.000) ;the average UV120 were 26.9% ,29.5% and 23.8% (F = 0.37,P =0.691) ; and the average rectum RV100 were 0.31 cm3, 0.22 cm3 and 0.19 cm3(F=0.43,P=0.652).For 103 Pd,124 I and 131 Cs,the average number of implanted seeds per cm3 prostate were 2.02,2.01 and 1.87(F = 1.92 ,P =0.154) ,and the average number of needles were 33.6,32.9 and 31.6(F=0.26,P=0.772). Conclusions Comparing to 124 I and 103 pd seeds used in permanent prostate brachytherapy ,131 Cs seeds has better dose homogeneity,and possible better sparing of the urethra and rectum,with comparable or less implanted seeds and needles.

Objective To study the dosimetric characteristics of thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD).Methods A total of 350 pieces of TLD 2000 type TLDs having the same sensitivity within ± 3.0％ were selected.The TLDs were irradiated to study the repeatability and dosage effect of TLDs by using 6 MV X-rays and 125I seeds.In order to study the dose response,the TLDs were irradiated at different dosages by using 137Cs (662 keV γ-rays),125I seeds and 6 MV X-rays.In order to study the energy response,the TLDs were exposed to the same dose,from 125I seeds,137Cs and X-rays(48,65,83,118,250 keV and 6 MV).Results The maximum deviations of the repeatability were 2.7％ and 4.0％ for 6 MV X-rays and 125I seeds,respectively,and there was no effect of dose rate observed.The dose response of TLDs to 137Cs and 125I seeds were linear.For 6 MV X-rays,the linear response was within the range of 0.74-10 Gy and non-linear range was beyond 10 Gy.The energy response to 125I seeds,48,65,83,118,250 keV and6 MV X-rays,relative to the energy response of 137Cs,were 1.70,1.25,1.08,0.99,0.91,0.96 and 1.22,respectively.Conclusions TLD 2000 has a good repeatability and linear dose response for 137Cs,125I seeds and 6 MV X-rays with no dose rate effects,but the dose response is energy dependent.

Based on a review of currently published 40 papers ( 20 published in recent 5 years, 20 published in recent 10 years) on gold nanoparticles for cancer radiotherapy, the general characteristics, theoretical studies, in vitro experiment, in vivo experiment,and the clinical prospects of targeted radiotherapy with gold nanoparticles were reviewed. Three key aspects guarantee further investigation for the full understanding of the radiosensitization effect of gold nanoparticles:the cellular localization and tissue distribution of nanoparticles and influential factors;the micro dose enhancement effect of gold nanoparticles, and the molecular biological mechanism. More cross disciplinary collaboration, research, development and translation are needed before gold nanoparticles are put into clinical trials.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy ( SBRT ) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer ( LAPC) shows good signs of efficacy as measured by local control,which can also reduce toxicity. The dose fractionation in foreign countries have changed from conventional fractionation to single fraction and finally moderate hypofractionation. It is similar to that in China, with the dose fractionation changing from conventional fractionation to moderate hypofractionation. This review introduces the latest research results of dose fractionation of SBRT for LAPC.

Objective To investigate an X-ray total body irradiation (TBI) technique using anterior-posterior opposed fields with patients at the side-lying position,and to analyze the real-time in vivo dosimetry results.Methods The accelerator with 10 MV X-rays of Varian Trilogy was used for the TBI with the extended source to skin distance of 390 cm.The percent depth dose,off axis factors and absolute dose output were measured.The dose accuracy and homogeneity was monitored real-time using multichannel diode dosimeter for 10 patients.The monitored sites included forehead,mandible,suprasternal fossae,xiphoid,umbilicus,pelvis,middle of thigh,knee,middle of leg and ankle.The patients were irradiated at the side-lying position,with the prescription dose of 1 200 cGy/6 f during 3 days,the middle line dose rate of 5.0 cGy/min.Solid water was used for the compensation of the dose homogeneity.Results The off axis dose homogeneity was less than ± 5.0％ for the TBI geometry.The absolute dose output was 0.072 1 cGy/MU at the maximum dose point.The total body irradiation was finished smoothly for the 10 patients lying on side.The deviation of monitored total dose from the total prescription dose was within -4.9％ to 6.7％ for the 10 monitored sites.The monitored dose homogeneity was less than 5.0％.Conclusions The fractionated anterior-posterior opposed parallel TBI can be finished smoothly with patients side-lying.Accurate and homogenous dose distribution can be obtained using real-time dose monitoring and compensation with solid water.

Objective To evaluate the effect of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in the real-time monitoring treatment of ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU ) for uterine adenomyosis .Methods From January 2013 to September 2013 ,a total of 67 patients who were clinically diagnosticated as uterine adenomyosis were enrolled in this study .49 patients were diffuse type and 18 patients were localized .CEUS was used before ,in ,after ultrasonic treatment to make sure lesions and evaluate the ablation effect .Results 67 patients were 100% perfused before HIFU treatment by CEUS ,the non-perfused volume ratio of 15 patients(22 .4% ) were not enough during treatment ,and more energy were given .During HIFU treatment ,uniform grey scale change was observed in 42 of 67(62 .7% ) patients and massive grey scale change was observed in 25 of 67(37 .3% ) patients .The margin of targets and the non-perfused volume were clearly detected by CEUS .The size of target andymyosis ,the volume ,the non-perfused volume ,and non-perfused volume ratio were(4 .8 ± 1 .5)cm ,(63 .1 ± 57 .2)cm3 ,(59 .1 ± 53 .4 )cm3 ,(76 .4 ± 27 .0)% .The adverse effects occurred in the treatment were not related to CEUS .Conclusion CEUS is an accurate method in assessing the treat-ment effect of HIFU and could be safely used during HIFU treatment for uterine adenomyosis .