Objective To explore the effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on chronic stress and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in the hippocampus.Methods A total of 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a restraint group,an HBO (hyperbaric oxygen) group,an HBO-restraint group and a control group using a random number table,each group with 15 animals.All the rats in the restraint and HBO groups were constrained by immobilizing their fore-and hind-limbs on a self-made frame for 3h daily for 21 days,and those in the HBO group received HBO treatment once daily for the same 21 days.The HBO-restraint group was immobilized in the morning and treated with HBO in the afternoon.The control group was reared without any special intervention.On the 1st,11th and 21st day of treatment,rats from the different groups were assessed using the open field test.On the 21st day,all the animals were sacrificed and their brains were harvested to detect GR expression.Results In the open field test on the 11 th day,the restraint group scored (131.0 ± 20.6) in terms of motor level and (26.5 ± 4.6) for exploratory behavior,both significantly higher than before restraint and significantly higher than those in the HBO-restraint group at the same time point.Immunofluorescence assay showed that GR expression in the hippocampus of the restraint group was significantly decreased compared with the control group.There was no significant difference,however,between the HBO-restraint group and the control group.Conclusion Chronic restraint stress induces changes in behavior and GR expression in rats which can be alleviated by hypbaric oxygen treatment.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in China, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main type of lung cancer, which is a serious threat to people's life and health. At present, there are fewer studies on the role of Dikkopf1 (DKK1) in lung adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and potential prognostic value of DKK1 in the development of lung adenocarcinoma by bioinformatics methods. METHODS: Several databases, such as genotype-tissue expression (GTEx), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and tumor-immune system interactions database (TISIDB), were used to analyze the expression, clinicopathological features, immune cell infiltration, prognosis and methylation of DKK1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Then, linked immune cell infiltration Omics database was used to analyze the co-expressed genes of DKK1 and their functional enrichment. Finally, 59 pathological samples of paraffin-embedded lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2016 and 2017 were collected for the validation of the prognostic value of expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) test. RESULTS: The results of bioconfidence analysis showed that the expression level of DKK1 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was higher than that in normal tissues, the expression in advanced cancers was higher than that in early stages, and the experimental validation revealed that among 59 cases of lung adenocarcinoma, there were 15 cases of negative expression (25.4%), 18 cases of weakly positive expression (30.5%), and 26 cases of strongly positive expression (44.1%). The different expression of DKK1 is related to methylation, prognosis and the activities of various immune cells. Functional enrichment shows that DKK1 may be involved in skin development and cell-substrate junction, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis shows that DKK1 is related to ABC transporters. Bioinformatics analysis and clinical case specimens showed that high DKK1 expression was associated with poorer prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS High expression of DKK1 in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with poor prognosis. DKK1 is closely associated with tumor immune cell infiltration and pathways. DKK1 can be considered as a potential prognostic marker and a novel target for immunotherapy of lung adenocarcinoma.