Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hypertension prevention and control among rural residents in Shanxi Province, so as to provide insights into implementation of health education pertaining to hypertension control in rural areas. Methods: A total of 7 403 residents were sampled using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method from rural areas of Yangqu, Daning, and Yonghe counties of Shanxi Province from November 2020 to July 2021 for face-to-face questionnaire surveys and physical examinations. Residents' basic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice of hypertension prevention and control, and height, weight, blood pressure were collected, and factors affecting knowledge, attitude, and practice of hypertension prevention and control were identified using a generalized linear model. Results: A total of 7 403 questionnaires were allocated, and 7 031 effective questionnaires were recovered, with an effective response rate of 94.98%. The respondents included 3 035 men (43.17%) and 3 996 women (56.83%), and had a mean age of (58.45±13.75) years. The median scores of hypertension prevention and control knowledge, attitude and practice were 5 (interquartile range, 4), 16 (interquartile range, 5) and 14 (interquartile range, 7) points, with scoring percentages of 48.40%, 80.55% and 54.41%, respectively. Generalized linear model analysis showed that an educational level of junior high school and above, annual family income per capita of ≥4 000 RMB, family history of hypertension, development of hypertension among family members or friends, overweight/obesity and presence of depression resulted in high scores for hypertension prevention and control knowledge; annual family income per capita of ≥10 000 RMB, family history of hypertension, presence of hypertension among family members or friends, mild/severe insomnia and presence of depression resulted in high scores for hypertension prevention and control attitude, while age of ≥65 years and blood pressure of ≥140/≥90 mmHg resulted in low scores for attitude; females, age of ≥45 years, an educational level of junior high school and above, blood pressure of ≥140/≥90 mmHg, family history of hypertension, presence of hypertension among family members or friends and overweight/obesity resulted in high scores for hypertension prevention and control practice, and residents had a low body weight had a low score for practice (all P<0.05). Conclusions The hypertension prevention and control attitude is satisfactory among rural residents in Shanxi Province; however, the hypertension prevention and control knowledge and practice are poor. Health education pertaining to hypertension prevention and control should be strengthened, and personalized health education is needed targeting individuals with a low educational level and low income.

Objective To Pulse oximetry saturation has been wildly used clinically.It has been reported that pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform (POP) reflected the peripheral tissue perfusion.In this study,we parameterized POP,observed the value of POP parameters in normal adults,and established the normal reference value range.Methods A multi-center prospective descriptive study.Total of 1 019 adult volunteers with normovolemia from 7 cities were enrolled in this study.Sex,age,height,weight and pulse oximetry data in awake and spontaneous breathing under in quiet conditions in the room temperature were collected.POP parameters and perfusion index were analyzed using MATLAB 2012a software.The normal reference value ranges of POP parameters,including the amplitude of POP (Amp) and the area under the curve of POP (AUC),were formulated.Results Statistical differences of POP parameters were detected between men and women in the normal adult.The 95％ confidence reference value of POP parameters in normal population was as follows:Amp (104.8-2298.7) PVA and AUC (3265.8-6028.5) PVPGin total,Amp (129.4-2433.6) PVA and AUC (3319.0-5862.2) PVPG in male;Amp (89.5-2138.2) PVA and AUC (3163.9-5929.9) PVPG in female.Conclusions POP,including the amplitude of POP (Amp) and the area under the curve of POP (AUC),had normal reference value ranges in normal adults.

This article summarizes and analyzes the reported synthetic routes of brivudine in patent and literature.2′-Deoxyuridine was employed as starting material, affording brivudine through iodization, heck coupling, hydrolysis, decarboxylation, bromination and recrystallization.After optimization of reaction conditions of each step, a synthetic route suitable for industrial production was achieved with simple synthetic process, high yield and excellent purity.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effects of plasma-derived exosomal microRNA-1306-5p(miR-1306-5p)on inflammation,apoptosis and oxidative stress in intestinal mucosal epithelial cells in sepsis,and to explore the potential mechanisms.Methods Sepsis plasma-derived exosomes and healthy plasma exo-somes were separated and divided into healthy plasma exosomes group and sepsis plasma-derived exosomes group.The exosomes were observed by electron microscopy,the physical parameters of the two groups of exo-somes were analyzed,and the expression of miR-1306-5p in the exosomes was detected.Intestinal mucosal epi-thelial cells were divided into control group,negative control group of miR-1306-5p mimic(mimic-NC group),miR-1306-5p mimic group(mimic group),mimic combined with overexpression of PLK1 empty vector group(mimic-PLK1-EV group),and mimic combined with overexpression of Polo-like kinase 1(PLK1)group(mimic+PLK1-OE group).Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of miR-1306-5p and PLK1 in each group,and protein imprinting was used to detect the expressions of miR-1306-5p target genes PLK1,caspase 3,B lymphoblastoma-2(Bcl-2)and Bcl2-associated X protein(Bax).Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to detect the binding effect of miR-1306-5p and PLK1,and flow cytom-etry was used to detect apoptosis.The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and IL-8 in the supernatant of cultured cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expressions of reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were detected by kit method.Results The plasma derived exosomes of sepsis and healthy plasma were ellipsoid in shape,and there was no significant difference in physical parameters(P＞0.05).Compared with the healthy plasma exosomes group,the expression of miR-1306-5p was up-regulated in the plasma derived exosomes of sepsis group(P＜0.05).PLK1 was identified as the target gene of miR-1306-5p by double luciferase reporter method.Compared with mimic-NC group,the expressions of miR-1306-5p,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,IL-1β,caspase3,Bax,ROS and MDA were up-regulated,the apoptosis rate was increased,and the expressions of PKL1,Bcl-2,GSH and SOD were down-regulated in mimic group(all P＜0.05).Compared with mimic+PLK1-EV group,the expressions of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8,IL-1β,caspase3,Bax,ROS,and MDA were significantly down-regulated,the apoptosis rate was decreased,and the expressions of PKL1,Bcl-2,GSH and SOD were up-regulated in mimic+PLK1-OE group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Plasma derived exosome miR-1306-5p in sepsis promotes inflammation,apoptosis and oxidative stress damage of intestinal mucosal epi-thelial cells by targeting PKL1 inhibition.

Objective:To explore the protective effect and mechanism of acetate on sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into sham operation group (Sham group), sepsis group caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP group), and acetate pretreatment group [NaA group, gavage sodium acetate (NaA) 300 mg/kg twice a day for 7 consecutive days before CLP] using a random number table method, with 7 rats in each group. The blood was taken from the main abdominal artery 24 hours after modeling, and renal tissue was collected from the rats. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). The concentration of serum acetate was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal tissue was detected by thiobarbituric acid method. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in renal tissue was detected by colorimetric method. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe histopathological changes and assess renal tubule injury score. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/silence infor-mation regulator 1/peroxlsome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactlvator-1α (AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α) pathway. The positive expressions of GPR43, phosphorylation-AMPK (p-AMPK), SIRT1, PGC-1α were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:Compared with Sham group, the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and KIM-1 were significantly increased in CLP group, the contents of MDA and MPO in renal tissue were increased, and the content of acetate was significantly decreased. HE staining results showed that most of the tubular epithelial cells were denaturated with local necrosis, a large number of brush border injuries and shedding, tubular structure destruction and fragmentation, and more inflammatory cells infiltrated the renal interstitium, the renal tubular injury score significantly increased. The expressions of GPR43, p-AMPK/AMPK, SIRT1, and PGC-1α in renal tissue were significantly reduced, indicating renal injury and increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in septic rats. Compared with the CLP group, the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and KIM-1 in the NaA group were decreased [IL-6 (ng/L): 126.20±6.23 vs. 161.00±17.37, TNF-α (ng/L): 85.59±7.70 vs. 123.50±17.78, KIM-1 (μg/L): 2.92±0.38 vs. 4.73±0.36, all P < 0.05]. The contents of MDA and MPO in renal tissue were significantly decreased [MDA (μmol/g): 6.56±0.18 vs. 8.53±0.34, MPO (U/g): 2.99±0.20 vs. 3.72±0.29, both P < 0.05]. HE staining showed that kidney injury had been alleviated, with a decrease in renal tubular injury score [1 (1, 2) vs. 3 (2, 3), P < 0.05]. Western blotting showed that the expressions of GPR43 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway related proteins were significantly increased in renal tissue (GPR43/β-actin: 0.62±0.09 vs. 0.41±0.09, p-AMPK/AMPK: 0.58±0.07 vs. 0.44±0.06, SIRT1/β-actin: 0.85±0.06 vs. 0.73±0.03, PGC-1α/β-actin: 0.79±0.07 vs. 0.62±0.05, all P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the positive expressions of GPR43, p-AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC-1α were significantly increased in renal tissue [GPR43 positive area: (33.66±2.62)% vs. (16.21±1.66)%, p-AMPK positive area: (16.64±2.11)% vs. (5.04±1.28)%, SIRT1 positive area: (14.61±2.86)% vs. (7.34±1.00)%, PGC-1α positive area: (15.30±2.39)% vs. (4.84±1.67)%, all P < 0.05], the serum acetate concentration significantly increased (μg/L: 32?479±14?683 vs. 12?935±3?197, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Acetate can ameliorate sepsis-induced AKI, the mechanism may be related to the activation of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway by GPR43.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oliceridine for treatment of moderate to severe pain after surgery with general anesthesia in patients.Methods:The patients with moderate to severe pain (numeric pain rating scale ≥4) after abdominal surgery with general anesthesia from 14 hospitals between July 6, 2021 and November 9, 2021 were included in this study. The patients were assigned to either experiment group or control group using a random number table method. Experiment group received oliceridine, while control group received morphine, and both groups were treated with a loading dose plus patient-controlled analgesia and supplemental doses for 24 h. The primary efficacy endpoint was the drug response rate within 24 h after giving the loading dose. Secondary efficacy endpoints included early (within 1 h after giving the loading dose) drug response rates and use of rescue medication. Safety endpoints encompassed the development of respiratory depression and other adverse reactions during treatment.Results:After randomization, both the full analysis set and safety analysis set comprised 180 cases, with 92 in experiment group and 88 in control group. The per-protocol set included 170 cases, with 86 in experiment group and 84 in control group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in 24-h drug response rates, rescue analgesia rates, respiratory depression, and incidence of other adverse reactions ( P>0.05). The analysis of full analysis set showed that the experiment group had a higher drug response rate at 5-30 min after giving the loading dose compared to control group ( P<0.05). The per-protocol set analysis indicated that experiment group had a higher drug response rate at 5-15 min after giving the loading dose than control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:When used for treatment of moderate to severe pain after surgery with general anesthesia in patients, oliceridine provides comparable analgesic efficacy to morphine, with a faster onset.