Autophagy ; Humans ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Ventricular Remodeling

Objective:To investigate the association of body mass index (BMI), blood lipid, serum leptin, adiponectin with papillary thyroid carcinoma.Methods:A total of 120 patients including 40 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (papillary thyroid carcinoma group), 40 cases of nodular goiter (nodular goiter group) and 40 cases diagnosed without thyroid diseases or other metabolic diseases during the corresponding period (the control group) in Inner Mongolia People's Hospital from April 2015 to January 2016 were enrolled. The BMI of all subjects was calculated. The levels of blood lipid, serum leptin and adiponectin were detected.Results:The number of females was more than that of males in nodular goiter group and papillary thyroid carcinoma group, and the difference in gender distribution of three groups was statistically significant (&chi; 2 = 19.024, P < 0.01). The level of BMI, leptin, triglyceride and total cholesterol of papillary thyroid carcinoma group was higher than that of the control group [(24.86±3.26) kg/m 2 vs. (20.79±2.15) kg/m 2, (0.68±0.07) ng/ml vs. (0.61±0.39) ng/ml, (1.42±0.53) mmol/L vs. (1.05±0.36) mmol/L, (4.76±0.57) mmol/L vs.(4.28±0.46) mmol/L], and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 4.302, 3.296, 1.993 and 2.177, respectively, all P < 0.05). The level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein [(4.97±0.55) mmol/L, (2.72±0.58) mmol/L] in the nodular goiter group was higher than that in the control group [(4.28±0.46) mmol/L, (2.18±0.69) mmol/L], and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.954 and 2.148, respectively; all P < 0.05). The level of adiponectin [(4.21±0.34) ng/ml, (4.30±0.27) ng/ml] in papillary thyroid carcinoma and nodular goiter group was lower than that in the control group [(4.87±0.27) ng/ml], and the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 7.631 and 7.416, respectively; all P < 0.05). Conclusion:The increase of BMI, triglyceride, total cholesterol, serum leptin and the decrease of serum adiponectin may be related to the occurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

As a widespread pollutant in the environment, research on microplastics have attracted much attention. This review systematically analyzed the interaction between microplastics and soil microorganisms based on existing literatures. Microplastics can change the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities directly or indirectly. The magnitude of these effects depends on the type, dose and shape of microplastics. Meanwhile, soil microorganisms can adapt to the changes caused by microplastics through forming surface biofilm and selecting population. This review also summarized the biodegradation mechanism of microplastics, and explored the factors affecting this process. Microorganisms will firstly colonize the surface of microplastics, and then secrete a variety of extracellular enzymes to function at specific sites, converting polymers into lower polymers or monomers. Finally, the depolymerized small molecules enter the cell for further catabolism. The factors affecting this degradation process are not only the physical and chemical properties of the microplastics, such as molecular weight, density and crystallinity, but also some biological and abiotic factors that affect the growth and metabolism of related microorganisms and the enzymatic activities. Future studies should focus on the connection with the actual environment, and develop new technologies of microplastics biodegradation to solve the problem of microplastic pollution.
Microplastics ; Plastics ; Soil ; Polymers ; Biodegradation, Environmental