The pathogenesis of icteric hepatitis is that pathogenic dampness blocks the middle energizer or blood stasis blocks the bile duct,so that the bile is not excreted normally and moves to the skin surface,which makes the skin yellow.Traditior al Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of icteric hepatitis.This article systematically introduces the etiology and pathogenesis of icteric hepatitis and the TCM syndrome differentiation therapy for icteric hepatitis,in order to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of icteric hepatitis and the improvement in its prognosis.

Autophagy is known as cellular degradation of long-lived proteins and organelles, by a double-membranound structure fusing with the lysosome, for recycling intraceUular constituents and reusing nutri-tion. Defective autophagy is closely correlated with tumorigenesis and tumor progress. There are crosstalks between autophay associated/regulative genes and oncogene/anti-oncogene. More over, regulative autophagic cell death may lead to an novol way for cancer therapy.

Objective:To investigate the expression levels and internal relations of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9), interleukin(IL)-1β and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) within 24 h after cerebral hypoxia and ischemia(HI) in neonatal rats.Methods:SD rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into HI group( n=40), and sham operation group(sham group, n=40). The HI models were established and divided into 5 subgroups with those at 8 cases in each group at 5 postoperative time points(0, 4, 8, 12, 24 h). Pathological changes of cerebral cortex were observed by HE staining, and the expressions of MMP-9, IL-1β and TIMP-1 were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.In addition, the hypoxia models of mouse hippocampal neuron HT22 cells were established.With adding MMP-9 inhibitor and MMP-9 agonist, the relations among MMP-9, IL-1β and TIMP-1 were further confirmed. Results:Slight nuclear abnormalities and cell body swelling occurred in cerebral cortex at 4 h after HI, and neuronal eosinophilic changes were most obvious at 12 h. Compared with those at 8 h and 12 h, the expressions of MMP-9 and IL-1β at protein and mRNA level significantly increased at 24 h after HI( P<0.01). While MMP-9 inhibitor was added to HT22 cells under hypoxia at 4 h, IL-1β mRNA expression was down-regulated. Conclusion:In the early stage of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in newborn rats, the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are time-dependent.Inhibition of MMP-9 expression could reduce the level of Interleukin-1β.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB),and to provide a theoretical basis of hepatic steatosis prevention and control.Methods A total of 291 hospitalized CHB patients in affiliated Southeast Hospital of Xiamen University were enrolled and divided into two groups:132 CHB patients with hepatic steatosis as the case group and 159 CHB patients without hepatic steatosis as the control group.Conducted a case control study and compared the two groups in terms of body mass index (BMI),waist-to-hip ratio (WHR),fasting blood glucose (FBG),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT),hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg),hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) by descriptive analysis and inferential statistics to analyze the association of these factors with hepatic steatosis in CHB patients.The histological characteristics of the liver were observed.The date analysis used rank sum test and t test.Results FBG,TG,TC,γ-GT,AST of the case group and the control group were (5.11±0.62) mmol/L,(1.81±0.89) mmol/L,(5.29±1.05) mmol/L,(65.04±53.89) U/L,(65.60±71.52) U/L and (4.94±1.89) mmol/L,(1.21±0.79) mmol/L,(4.25±1.58) mmol/L,(146.48±200.39) U/L,(165.35±180.57) U/L,respectively.The case group had significantly higher FBG,TG and TC than the control group (Z=3.607,4.039 and 4.197,respectively,all P＜0.01),while the control group had significantly higher γ-GT and AST (Z=2.672 and 3.020,respectively,both P＜0.01).BMI of the two groups were (26.89±2.78) kg/m2 and (21.17±2.96) kg/m2,respectively,higher in the case group (t=9.711,P＜0.01).WHR in male patients of two groups were 0.93±0.05 and 0.87 ± 0.06,respectively,higher in male patients of the case group (t=4.469,P＜0.01).Positive rate of HBeAg,HBV DNA between the case group and the control group hadn't significantly difference (x2 =0.334,2.960; both P＞0.05).The case group had more severe degree of hepatic steatosis than the control group (Z=-16.145,P＜0.01),while the inflammatory activity and fibrosis were more advanced in the control group (Z=-12.639,P＜0.01; Z=-11.242,P＜0.01,respectively).Conclusions BMI,WHR,FBG,TG and TC appear to be the influencing factors of CHB with hepatic steatosis.The hepatic steatosis in CHB patients is mainly caused by the changes of anthropometric indexes and metabolic factors rather than the effect of HBV.If effective measures are taken,hepatic steatosis in CHB patients can be effectively prevented.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of chronic hepatitis B patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).Methods A total of 127 patients with untreated chronic hepatitis B infection were recruited.The patients were divided into two groups according to the diagnosis of MS,with 45 in MS group and 82 in non-MS group.Age,gender,body mass index (BMI),waist-to-hip ratio (WHR),fasting blood glucose (FBG),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg),hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) were compared between groups.Liver biopsy was performed in 94 patients,including 31 in MS group and 63 in non-MS group,to compare the histological characteristics of liver between two groups.A chi-square test and t test were used for the data analysis.Results BMI,WHR,TG,TC,and FBG results of patients in MS group and nonMS group were (28.88±3.00) kg/m2,0.93±0.03,(2.77±0.17) mmol/L,(6.51±0.95) mmol/L,(6.67±0.45) mmol/L,and (24.64± 2.21) kg/m2,0.91±0.04,(1.50±0.65) mmol/L,(4.38±0.71) mmol/L,(4.91±0.92) mmol/L,respectively.Patients in MS group had higher BMI,WHR,FBG,TG and TC compared with those in non-MS group (t=9.109,3.245,2.642,3.762 and 2.586,respectively; all P＜0.05).No statistical significant differences were found in age,ALT or AST between two groups (t=2.224,0.703 and 0.141,respectively; all P＞0.05).Neither any statistical difference was found in gender,the positive rate of HBeAg and HBV DNA between two groups (x2 =1.662,0.037 and 0.944,respectively; all P＞0.05).In inflammation activity comparison,the result of liver biopsy showed that 48.39 ％ (15/31) were classified as G0-G1 and 51.61％(16/31) as G2-G4 in MS group,and those in non MS group were 49.21％(31/63) and 50.79％(32/63),respectively.No statistical significance was reached (x2 =0.006,P＞0.05).In fibrosis stage comparison,patients in MS group classifies as S0-S1 and S2-S4 were 32.26％ (10/31) and 67.74％(21/31),respectively,and those in non-MS group were 60.32％ (38/63)and 39.68％ (25/63),respectively.The liver fibrosis in MS group was significantly more severe than that in non-MS group (x2 =6.546,P＜0.05).Conclusions The CHB patients with MS have higher BMI,WHR,FBG,TG and TC.The presence of MS may promote the progress of liver fibrosis in CHB patients.

Adult ; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Biopsy ; adverse effects ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Vagus Nerve ; physiopathology ; Vasomotor System ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate the impact of reduced glutathione(GSH) on the prolifera- tion,oxidative stress and transforming growth factor?1(TGF-?1) expression of human hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)(LX-2 cell line).Methods Human hepatocytes and HSCs were incubated with various concentrations of GSH(0.5—50 mmol/L or 0.5—10 mmol/L).The effects of GSH on the proliferation of hepatocytes and HSCs were studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphennyhera- zolium bromide colorimetric assay.Human hepatocytes and HSCs were co-cultured with GSH and ferric nitrilotriacetic acid,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were detected.HSCs were incubated with high(5.0 mmol/L),media(2.5 mmol/L) and low (0.5 mmol/L) concentrations of GSH,the expressions of TGF-?1 mRNA and protein were detected by ELISA and real- time PCR.Results In concentration ranged from 2.5 to 10 mmol/L,the GSH could promote the pro- liferation of hepatocytes but no HSCs,significantly increased the activity of SOD and decrease the con- tents of MDA in hepatocytes and HSCs,and inhibited the expression of TGF-?1 in HSCs.Conclusions GSH can not only promote the proliferation of hepatocytes,but also protect hepatocytes and HSCs from oxidative stress,and inhibit the secretion of TGF-?1 in HSCs.GSH may play a role in hepatocellular protection,antioxidation and anti-fibrosis.

Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; drug effects ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; drug effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; drug effects ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To analyze the information about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on WeChat official accounts of centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) in Zhejiang Province from January 20 to February 5,2020,so as to provide reference for improving the effects of health communication by WeChat official accounts. Methods: The number,content and pageview of the information about COVID-19 on WeChat official accounts of one provincial and eleven municipal CDCs from January 20 to February 5 were collected and analyzed. The number of new followers and WeChat communication power index (WCI) were employed to evaluate the communication effect. Results: By February 5,those WeChat public official accounts pushed 629 pieces of information about COVID-19. The pageviews were 3 713 428 in total and 5 903.70 on average. There were totally 633 008 followers,including 110 341 new followers which contributed to a growth rate of 21.11%. The average WCI was 677.81. The WCIs of eight official accounts were higher than 500,with “Zhejiang Health Education” the highest (1 021.95). The daily pageviews peaked on January 20,21,25 and 31. Among the top 15 pieces of information in pageviews,there were 7 pieces for epidemic announcements,3 pieces for popular science and 5 pieces for behavioral intervention. Conclusions The WeChat official accounts of CDCs in Zhejiang Province pushed the information about COVID-19 in line with the progress of the epidemic and the demand of the public,leading to a higher attention and better communication effect.

The aim of the study was to investigate the population ecology of medical shellfish and the infection of An-giostrongylus cantonensis in Longhai ,Fujian Province ,China .Aquatic and terrestrial shellfish were collected in survey points according to different types of breeding grounds .Then ,lung-microscopy method was involved in the detection of the lung tis-sue in Ampullaria gigas .Other shellfishes were mashed to detect the third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis .Hom-ogenization and lung microscopy were compared in the detection of the larvae of A .cantonensis in Achatina snails .Factors re-lated to the environment and influence of shellfish hosts were also included .Results showed that 8 species of molluscans were found ,including Pila gigas ,Bellamya aeruginosa ,Bellamya lithophaga ,Melanoides tuberculata ,Achatina fulica ,Vag-inulus alte ,Philomycus bilineatus ,and Bradybaenasimilaris with 1 673 specimens in 27 survey points from 9 townships .The infectionratewas19.78% inaverage.TheinfectionrateinV.altewas56.63% (47/83);theinfectionratesforA.fulicaand P .gigas were 39 .32% (92/234) and 27 .14% (130/234) ,respectively .The infection rate of each survey point was closely re-lated to the distances from the residents living area .Morever ,A .cantonensis larvae were detected in M .tuberculata .Lung mi-croscopy and homogenization method detection rate was 87 .1%and 100 .0% ,respectively .The difference was statistically sig-nificant .In conclusion ,V .alte ,A . fulica and P .gigas were A . cantonensist infection dominant population . The infection rate was closely related to micro-ecological environment for all kinds of shellfish .M .tuberculata was the new host of A .can-tonensis .Lung microscopy method should not be used in the qualitative screening detection of A . f ulica infected with A .can-tonensist .