AIM:To establish an LC-MS method for determining the concentrations of loratadine (LOR) in human plasma and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic characteristics. METHODS: A ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8 (5 μm, 150 mm×4.6 mm) column was used, atmospheric pressure electronic spray ionization (AP-ESI) and ion mass spectrum (m/z) of 388.2 (M+H)+ were selected to quantify LOR, and 275.1 (M+H)+ for ropivacaine (internal standard, IS). RESULTS: The linear range of LOR standard curve was 0.5-50 ng·ml-1, and the determination limit was 0.5 ng·ml-1. The pharmacokinetic parameters of LOR after a single dose of 20 mg tablet (T1), capsule (T2) and reference (R) were as follows, the half life (t1/2) 13.52±1.35, 13.14±0.98 and 14.00±1.25 h, the time to peak concentration (Tmax) 1.24±0.06, 1.18±0.12 and 1.17±0.12 h, the peak concentration (Cmax) 21.72±7.70, 21.49±8.34 and 20.50±8.65 ng·ml-1, the area under time-concentration curve (AUC0-48 and AUC0-∞) 137.24±47.84 and 146.61±51.03 ng·ml-1·h, 139.65±45.69 and 148.04±48.10 ng·ml-1·h, 134.19±49.03 and 143.70±52.08 ng·ml-1·h, the relative bioavailability of LOR tablet and capsule were (105.49±8.08)% and (102.90±10.02)%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The LC-MS method for determining the concentration of LOR in human plasma is sensitive and accurate and can be used for LOR bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies. LOR tests and reference are bioequivalent.

Aim To study on the protective effects on vein endothelial cell of scallop skite-glycosaminoglycan(SS-GAG)and the mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis action of SS-GAG.Methods The endothelial cell of human umbilical vein had been cultured in vitro, and we established an model of endothelial cell oxidative damage induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (OX-LDL), MTT assay and chemical methods were used to test the influence of SS-GAG on proliferation activity of endothelial cell oxidative damage and analyze nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).Results Oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein (OX-LDL) remarkably inhibited the ability of cell proliferation, decreased nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (P

Objective: To analyze the chemical constituents of Polygonum multiflorum extract which may cause human liver cell damage and to explore the mechanism. Methods: Raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum were extracted by 70% ethanol, then raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum water-eluted material (RW and PW), 50% ethanol-eluted material (R50 and P50) and 95% ethanol-eluted material (R95 and P95) were obtained by absorbing through AB-8 macroporous resin, followed by water, 50% ethanol and 95% ethanol elution in order. The water extracts of raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum (RWE or PWE) were obtained by boiling them in water as usual. Normal human liver L02 cells were treated by different concentrations of eluted Polygonum multiflorum materials for different time, and the cell growth inhibition of each group was determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide method. The chemical constituents which had a significant cytotoxicity to L02 cells were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Morphological changes of L02 cells were observed by Giemsa staining and cell cycle distribution was observed by flow cytometry. Results: It was found that 95% ethanol-eluted extracts of raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum showed significant growth inhibition on normal human liver L02 cells, while the other components showed no significant inhibition on cell growth. HPLC analysis showed that the main component in 95% ethanol-eluted extract of raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum was emodin at content of (18.53+/-2.96)% and (10.28+/-1.34)% respectively. Cell cycle analysis showed that 95% ethanol-eluted material of Polygonum multiflorum and emodin had a similar significant effect of S phase arrest and all could induce L02 cell apoptosis. Conclusion: The main part of Polygonum multiflorum causing liver cell damage is the 95% ethanol-eluted extract, and emodin is one of the important chemical constituents leading to liver cell damage.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics on chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in rats.Methods The databases including PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane,CBM,CNKI,WanFang and VIP were retrieved from their establishment to April 2016.The related randomized controlled trials(RCT) on the effects of probiotics for treating chemotherapy-induced intestinal mocositis in rats were included.The relevant literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,then the data were extracted and analyzed.Results Total 6 RCT were included.Compared with the control group,the intestinal secretion and absorption function in the probiotics group was strengtnened[SMD=1.73,95 ％CI(0.79,2.68),P＜0.01],jejunal anti-oxidant capacity was increased [SMD=-2.12,95％CI(-3.56,-0.67),P＜0.01],however low dose probiotics (＜1 × 109 cfu/d)had no protective effect on small intestine[SMDjejunum =-0.06,95％CI(-0.51,0.40),SMDileum =0.02,95％ CI(-0.71,0.75);P ＞0.05],while high dose probiotics(≥ 1 × 109 cfu/d) could reduce the intestinal pathological damage[SMDjejunum =-0.64,95 ％ CI (-1.20,-0.09),SMDileum=-0.85,95％ CI(-1.59,-0.12);P＜0.05].Conclusion High dose probiotics can reduce chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in rats.Because of less included literatures and the influence of publication bias,the effect of probiotics on chemotherapy induced mucositis could be overestimated.

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of betamethasone in human plasma. The analyte was isocratically eluted on a Venusil XBP C8 column (200 mm ×3.9 mm ID, 5 μm) with methanol-water with a triple quad LC-MS/MS using ESI with positive ionization. Ions monitored in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were m/z 393.3→355.2 for betamethasone and m/z 361.3→343.2 for prednisolone (IS). Betamethasone was extracted from 0.5 mL human plasma with ethyl acetate. The validation study demonstrated excellent precision and accuracy across the calibration range of 0.5 - 80.0 injection in healthy Chinese volunteers.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the quantitative analysis based on three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) in contouring surgery of complex craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (FD).

METHODS14 patients with craniofacial FD underwent 3D-CT scan. Axial images of patients with craniofacial FD were reconstructed into 3D model by using Mimics 10.0. Anatomical landmarks were located and the coordinate of the landmarks obtained. The differences between the right landmarks and the left were calculated and analyzed. Quantitative contouring surgery was performed based on the quantitative analysis result.

RESULTSWith the detail data from the 3D-CT analysis, the surgery of contouring was more safe and accurate with less operation time, less bleeding and good results.

CONCLUSIONSThe method of 3D CT quantitative analysis can provide precise information in the diagnosis and treatment planning of craniofacial deformity. Based on the result of 3D-CT quantitative analysis, the operations can be performed more accurately and safely with good symmetric consequence.

Aged ; Craniofacial Abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Facial Bones ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

The aim of this study is to establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determinations of mifepristone and its metabolites, mono-demethylated mifepristone, di-demethylated mifepristone and C-hydroxylated mifepristone in plasma and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of mifepristone tablet. Twenty healthy female Chinese subjects were recruited and a series of blood samples were collected before and after 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 24.0, 48.0, 72.0 and 96.0 hours administration by a single oral dose of 75 mg mifepristone tablet. Mifepristone and its three metabolites were extracted from plasma using ethyl acetate and determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of mifepristone and its metabolites, including Cmax, tmax, MRT, t(1/2), V, CL, AUC(0-96 h) and AUC(0-infinity), were calculated by Drug and Statistical Software Version 2.0. The simple, accurate and stable method allows the sensitive determinations ofmifepristone and its metabolites in human plasma up to 4 days after oral administration of 75 mg mifepristone tablet and the clinical applications of their pharmacokinetic studies.

Objective To screen mitochondria-related genes in Crohn's disease (CD) based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, construct an artificial neural network diagnostic model and evaluate its performance. Methods The CD-related datasets GSE186582 and GSE102133 were downloaded from the GEO database for differential expression genes (DEGs) screening. The intersection of DEGs and mitochondrial genes from the MitoCarta 3.0 database was obtained. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and random forest algorithms were used to identify CD-specific genes and construct an artificial neural network diagnostic model. The model was further validated by the validation set GSE95095, and the diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve. The immune cell infiltration in CD was assessed by the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the relationship between biomarkers and infiltrated immune cells was investigated. Results A total of 551 DEGs were obtained, including 275 upregulated and 276 downregulated genes. There were 20 mitochondria-related genes associated with CD. A total of 9 mitochondria-related feature genes (SOD2, MTHFD2, BPHL, PXMP2, RMND1, AGXT2, MAOA, HMGCS2, MAOB) were screened by two machine learning algorithms. An artificial neural network diagnostic model was constructed by the selected feature genes. The values of AUC of the model in the training and validation groups were 0.956 and 0.736 respectively. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that the feature genes were associated with resting memory CD4⁺ T cells, activated memory CD4⁺ T cells, activated dendritic cells, neutrophils, and CD8⁺ T cells. Conclusion The artificial neural network diagnostic model for CD based on 9 mitochondrial genes has good predictive performance.

【Objective】 To explore the distribution of ApoE polymorphism in Shaanxi province and its correlation with lipid level and coronary heart disease type. 【Methods】 ApoE genotypes in the whole blood of 11 533 patients with cardiovascular diseases admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 2019 to December 2019 were detected by PCR-fluorescent probe method. Then 3 884 patients with coronary heart disease were selected to detect the lipid level and classified for the analysis of ApoE polymorphism. 【Results】 The proportion of E2/E2, E2/E3, E3/E3, E2/E4, E4/E4 and E3/E4 was 0.69%, 11.66%, 70.31%, 1.17%, 0.83% and 15.34%, respectively. E3 genotype was the highest (71.48%), followed by E4 (16.17%), and E2 was the least (12.35%). There was no statistical difference in the distribution of ApoE polymorphism in patients with cardiovascular disease accompanied with or without coronary heart disease. Compared with those of E2, the total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels of E3 and E4 increased significantly (P<0.001). Compared with that of E3 type, triglyceride (TG) level of E2 type and E4 type increased (P<0.050). The genotype of ApoE was correlated with the type of coronary heart disease (P<0.001). The genotype of ApoE was significantly different from that of stable and unstable angina pectoris in ischemic cardiomyopathy (P<0.001), but not statistically different from that of acute myocardial infarction (P>0.008 3). 【Conclusion】 The polymorphism of ApoE in Shaanxi is mainly E3 type, and there is no statistical difference in the distribution of coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases. ApoE gene polymorphism is correlated with blood lipid level and coronary heart disease, but the relationship with different types of coronary heart disease needs to be further determined.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) of rat on the early neovascularization of autologous fat transplantation.

METHODS(1) Experiment 1. Adipose tissue was collected from both inguinal regions of two SD rats to isolate, culture, and purify ADSCs through collagen enzyme digestion, density gradient centrifugation, and adherence method. The fourth passage of cells were collected for morphologic observation, detection of expressions of surface markers CD34, CD49d, CD106, and CD45 of ADSCs with flow cytometer, identification of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and determination of the cell proliferation ability with thiazolyl blue method. (2) Experiment 2. Another 30 SD rats were divided into allogeneic adipose granule (AG) group (A, n = 6), autologous AG group (B, n = 8), autologous ADSCs+autologous AG group (C, n = 8), and allogeneic ADSCs+autologous AG group (D, n = 8) according to the random number table. The fourth passage of ADSCs were obtained from adipose tissue from one side of inguinal region of SD rats in group C. Adipose tissue obtained from one side of inguinal region of SD rats of the other 3 groups was abandoned. The AG was prepared from another side of inguinal region of SD rats in the 4 groups. The mixture of 0.6 g AG from one rat and 1 mL DMEM/F12 nutrient solution was injected subcutaneously into the back of another rat in group A, and so on. Autologous AG was injected into its own body of the rats in group B. The mixture of 1 mL autologous ADSCs mixture which contains 3.0 × 10⁶ cells per mililitre autologous ADSCs combined with autologous AG was injected into the rats in group C. The mixture of 1 mL allogeneic ADSCs mixture which contains 3.0 × 10⁶ cells per mililitre ADSCs extractived from the former 2 rats in experiment 1 combined with autologous AG was injected into the rats in group D. At 7 days post transplantation, fat transplants were harvested for gross observation, measurement of wet weight, pathological observation, and assessment of cells with positive expression of CD31 with immunohistochemical method. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and SNK test.

RESULTS(1) The fourth passage of cells proliferated well showing fusiform shape similar to fibroblasts. These cells showed positive expression of CD34 and CD49d and weak positive expression of CD106 and CD45. They were able to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts. These cells were identified as ADSCs. The fourth passage of cells grew faster than that of the tenth passage. (2) At 7 days post transplantation, no liquifying necrosis or infection was observed in the fat transplants of the rats in the 4 groups. Wet weight of the fat transplants in groups A and B was respectively (0.25 ± 0.04) and (0.26 ± 0.03) g, which were less than those of groups C and D [(0.36 ± 0.03) and (0.35 ± 0.04) g, with P values below 0.05]. HE staining showed that there were less fat cells and more fibroblasts in the transplants of group A, visible fibrous tissue around uneven shape of fat cells in the transplants of group B, and almost identical size and shape of fat cells and unobvious fibrous tissues were found in the transplants of groups C and D. The cells with positive expression of CD31 were distributed in fibrous tissues in larger number but less around fat cells in the transplants of group A, while more of these cells were observed surrounding fat cells in the transplants of group B. There were more cells with positive expression of CD31 distributed surrounding fat cells in the transplants of groups C and D than that in group B. The cells with positive expression of CD31 observed under 400 times field were more in number in groups C (20.5 ± 1.1) and D (22.1 ± 1.0) than in groups A (8.0 ± 3.6) and B (10.9 ± 1.7), with P values below 0.05.

CONCLUSIONSAllogeneic ADSCs combined with autologous AG can significantly improve the early vascularization of fat transplantation as well as autologous ADSCs combined with autologous AG.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; transplantation ; Adipose Tissue ; blood supply ; cytology ; Animals ; Burns ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology ; Osteogenesis ; Rats ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Wound Healing ; physiology