AIM:To establish an LC-MS method for determining the concentrations of loratadine (LOR) in human plasma and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic characteristics. METHODS: A ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8 (5 μm, 150 mm×4.6 mm) column was used, atmospheric pressure electronic spray ionization (AP-ESI) and ion mass spectrum (m/z) of 388.2 (M+H)+ were selected to quantify LOR, and 275.1 (M+H)+ for ropivacaine (internal standard, IS). RESULTS: The linear range of LOR standard curve was 0.5-50 ng·ml-1, and the determination limit was 0.5 ng·ml-1. The pharmacokinetic parameters of LOR after a single dose of 20 mg tablet (T1), capsule (T2) and reference (R) were as follows, the half life (t1/2) 13.52±1.35, 13.14±0.98 and 14.00±1.25 h, the time to peak concentration (Tmax) 1.24±0.06, 1.18±0.12 and 1.17±0.12 h, the peak concentration (Cmax) 21.72±7.70, 21.49±8.34 and 20.50±8.65 ng·ml-1, the area under time-concentration curve (AUC0-48 and AUC0-∞) 137.24±47.84 and 146.61±51.03 ng·ml-1·h, 139.65±45.69 and 148.04±48.10 ng·ml-1·h, 134.19±49.03 and 143.70±52.08 ng·ml-1·h, the relative bioavailability of LOR tablet and capsule were (105.49±8.08)% and (102.90±10.02)%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The LC-MS method for determining the concentration of LOR in human plasma is sensitive and accurate and can be used for LOR bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies. LOR tests and reference are bioequivalent.

Objective: To analyze the chemical constituents of Polygonum multiflorum extract which may cause human liver cell damage and to explore the mechanism. Methods: Raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum were extracted by 70% ethanol, then raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum water-eluted material (RW and PW), 50% ethanol-eluted material (R50 and P50) and 95% ethanol-eluted material (R95 and P95) were obtained by absorbing through AB-8 macroporous resin, followed by water, 50% ethanol and 95% ethanol elution in order. The water extracts of raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum (RWE or PWE) were obtained by boiling them in water as usual. Normal human liver L02 cells were treated by different concentrations of eluted Polygonum multiflorum materials for different time, and the cell growth inhibition of each group was determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide method. The chemical constituents which had a significant cytotoxicity to L02 cells were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Morphological changes of L02 cells were observed by Giemsa staining and cell cycle distribution was observed by flow cytometry. Results: It was found that 95% ethanol-eluted extracts of raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum showed significant growth inhibition on normal human liver L02 cells, while the other components showed no significant inhibition on cell growth. HPLC analysis showed that the main component in 95% ethanol-eluted extract of raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum was emodin at content of (18.53+/-2.96)% and (10.28+/-1.34)% respectively. Cell cycle analysis showed that 95% ethanol-eluted material of Polygonum multiflorum and emodin had a similar significant effect of S phase arrest and all could induce L02 cell apoptosis. Conclusion: The main part of Polygonum multiflorum causing liver cell damage is the 95% ethanol-eluted extract, and emodin is one of the important chemical constituents leading to liver cell damage.

Aim To study on the protective effects on vein endothelial cell of scallop skite-glycosaminoglycan(SS-GAG)and the mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis action of SS-GAG.Methods The endothelial cell of human umbilical vein had been cultured in vitro, and we established an model of endothelial cell oxidative damage induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (OX-LDL), MTT assay and chemical methods were used to test the influence of SS-GAG on proliferation activity of endothelial cell oxidative damage and analyze nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).Results Oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein (OX-LDL) remarkably inhibited the ability of cell proliferation, decreased nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (P

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of betamethasone in human plasma. The analyte was isocratically eluted on a Venusil XBP C8 column (200 mm ×3.9 mm ID, 5 μm) with methanol-water with a triple quad LC-MS/MS using ESI with positive ionization. Ions monitored in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were m/z 393.3→355.2 for betamethasone and m/z 361.3→343.2 for prednisolone (IS). Betamethasone was extracted from 0.5 mL human plasma with ethyl acetate. The validation study demonstrated excellent precision and accuracy across the calibration range of 0.5 - 80.0 injection in healthy Chinese volunteers.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the quantitative analysis based on three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) in contouring surgery of complex craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (FD).

METHODS14 patients with craniofacial FD underwent 3D-CT scan. Axial images of patients with craniofacial FD were reconstructed into 3D model by using Mimics 10.0. Anatomical landmarks were located and the coordinate of the landmarks obtained. The differences between the right landmarks and the left were calculated and analyzed. Quantitative contouring surgery was performed based on the quantitative analysis result.

RESULTSWith the detail data from the 3D-CT analysis, the surgery of contouring was more safe and accurate with less operation time, less bleeding and good results.

CONCLUSIONSThe method of 3D CT quantitative analysis can provide precise information in the diagnosis and treatment planning of craniofacial deformity. Based on the result of 3D-CT quantitative analysis, the operations can be performed more accurately and safely with good symmetric consequence.

Aged ; Craniofacial Abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Facial Bones ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics on chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in rats.Methods The databases including PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane,CBM,CNKI,WanFang and VIP were retrieved from their establishment to April 2016.The related randomized controlled trials(RCT) on the effects of probiotics for treating chemotherapy-induced intestinal mocositis in rats were included.The relevant literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,then the data were extracted and analyzed.Results Total 6 RCT were included.Compared with the control group,the intestinal secretion and absorption function in the probiotics group was strengtnened[SMD=1.73,95 ％CI(0.79,2.68),P＜0.01],jejunal anti-oxidant capacity was increased [SMD=-2.12,95％CI(-3.56,-0.67),P＜0.01],however low dose probiotics (＜1 × 109 cfu/d)had no protective effect on small intestine[SMDjejunum =-0.06,95％CI(-0.51,0.40),SMDileum =0.02,95％ CI(-0.71,0.75);P ＞0.05],while high dose probiotics(≥ 1 × 109 cfu/d) could reduce the intestinal pathological damage[SMDjejunum =-0.64,95 ％ CI (-1.20,-0.09),SMDileum=-0.85,95％ CI(-1.59,-0.12);P＜0.05].Conclusion High dose probiotics can reduce chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in rats.Because of less included literatures and the influence of publication bias,the effect of probiotics on chemotherapy induced mucositis could be overestimated.

The aim of this study is to establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determinations of mifepristone and its metabolites, mono-demethylated mifepristone, di-demethylated mifepristone and C-hydroxylated mifepristone in plasma and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of mifepristone tablet. Twenty healthy female Chinese subjects were recruited and a series of blood samples were collected before and after 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 24.0, 48.0, 72.0 and 96.0 hours administration by a single oral dose of 75 mg mifepristone tablet. Mifepristone and its three metabolites were extracted from plasma using ethyl acetate and determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of mifepristone and its metabolites, including Cmax, tmax, MRT, t(1/2), V, CL, AUC(0-96 h) and AUC(0-infinity), were calculated by Drug and Statistical Software Version 2.0. The simple, accurate and stable method allows the sensitive determinations ofmifepristone and its metabolites in human plasma up to 4 days after oral administration of 75 mg mifepristone tablet and the clinical applications of their pharmacokinetic studies.

Objective To screen mitochondria-related genes in Crohn's disease (CD) based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, construct an artificial neural network diagnostic model and evaluate its performance. Methods The CD-related datasets GSE186582 and GSE102133 were downloaded from the GEO database for differential expression genes (DEGs) screening. The intersection of DEGs and mitochondrial genes from the MitoCarta 3.0 database was obtained. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and random forest algorithms were used to identify CD-specific genes and construct an artificial neural network diagnostic model. The model was further validated by the validation set GSE95095, and the diagnostic performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve. The immune cell infiltration in CD was assessed by the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the relationship between biomarkers and infiltrated immune cells was investigated. Results A total of 551 DEGs were obtained, including 275 upregulated and 276 downregulated genes. There were 20 mitochondria-related genes associated with CD. A total of 9 mitochondria-related feature genes (SOD2, MTHFD2, BPHL, PXMP2, RMND1, AGXT2, MAOA, HMGCS2, MAOB) were screened by two machine learning algorithms. An artificial neural network diagnostic model was constructed by the selected feature genes. The values of AUC of the model in the training and validation groups were 0.956 and 0.736 respectively. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that the feature genes were associated with resting memory CD4⁺ T cells, activated memory CD4⁺ T cells, activated dendritic cells, neutrophils, and CD8⁺ T cells. Conclusion The artificial neural network diagnostic model for CD based on 9 mitochondrial genes has good predictive performance.

【Objective】 To explore the distribution of ApoE polymorphism in Shaanxi province and its correlation with lipid level and coronary heart disease type. 【Methods】 ApoE genotypes in the whole blood of 11 533 patients with cardiovascular diseases admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from January 2019 to December 2019 were detected by PCR-fluorescent probe method. Then 3 884 patients with coronary heart disease were selected to detect the lipid level and classified for the analysis of ApoE polymorphism. 【Results】 The proportion of E2/E2, E2/E3, E3/E3, E2/E4, E4/E4 and E3/E4 was 0.69%, 11.66%, 70.31%, 1.17%, 0.83% and 15.34%, respectively. E3 genotype was the highest (71.48%), followed by E4 (16.17%), and E2 was the least (12.35%). There was no statistical difference in the distribution of ApoE polymorphism in patients with cardiovascular disease accompanied with or without coronary heart disease. Compared with those of E2, the total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels of E3 and E4 increased significantly (P<0.001). Compared with that of E3 type, triglyceride (TG) level of E2 type and E4 type increased (P<0.050). The genotype of ApoE was correlated with the type of coronary heart disease (P<0.001). The genotype of ApoE was significantly different from that of stable and unstable angina pectoris in ischemic cardiomyopathy (P<0.001), but not statistically different from that of acute myocardial infarction (P>0.008 3). 【Conclusion】 The polymorphism of ApoE in Shaanxi is mainly E3 type, and there is no statistical difference in the distribution of coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases. ApoE gene polymorphism is correlated with blood lipid level and coronary heart disease, but the relationship with different types of coronary heart disease needs to be further determined.

Objective:To establish a rapid method for the detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) by recombinase-aid amplification (RAA).Methods:The whole genome sequences of VZV were downloaded from the global shared database for comparison and analysis. Specific primers and probe were designed for the four conserved genes respectively and the optimal combination was selected. The optimal reaction system was selected through the concentration gradient of primers and probes, and a fluorescence RAA detection method was established. The sensitivity of the method was evaluated with VZV positive plasmid standard and clinical samples with gradient dilution, the repeatability of the method was evaluated with the lowest detectable limit concentration of positive plasmid standard, and the specificity of other viral nucleic acid method was evaluated. At the same time, this method and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to detect clinical samples and the result were compared.Results:The optimal combination of primer pair F2/R2 and probe P2 targeting open reading frame (ORF) 28 gene was selected. Considering the cost factor, the optimal primer concentration was set at 500 nmol/L and the optimal probe concentration was 280 nmol/L. The minimum detection limit was 10 1 copies/μL, and the minimum clinical positive samples with a Ct value of 36.027 could be detected, and the result of repeated experiments were consistent. The method has no cross-reaction with other viral nucleic acids. The detection rate of clinical positive samples was 93.33%, which was almost identical to that of qPCR. Conclusions:This method is simple to operate with high sensitivity, strong specificity, low requirements for experimental conditions, visual detection result, and can detect VZV nucleic acid in samples within 20 minutes, which is a rapid VZV detection method that can be considered for clinical use for detection.