OBJECTIVE:To compare benproperine sustained-release tablet(BP)with cofrel tablet(CF)in respect to the bioequivalence,release characteristics and correlation between in vitro dissolubility and in vivo absorption METHODS:A HPLC method was used to determine the serum benproperine concentration after single and multiple oral administration of 80mg BP and CF in a two-period cross-over test RESULTS:The T1/2(?),Tpeak,Cmax,AUC0～36,AUC0～∞ of BP after single and multiple oral administration were (11 99?1 15)h and (11 91?1 41)h,(3 80?0 42)h and (2 25?0 26)h,(0 2 787?0 03)?g/ml and (0 4 507?0 07)?g/ml,(4 1 445?0 48)?g/(ml?h)and (3 8 981?0 54)?g/(ml?h),(4 7 908?0 42)?g/(ml?h) and (4 3 278?0 55)?g/(ml?h),and those of CF were (11 68?1 24)h and (10 83?1 01)h,(3 10?0 26)h and (1 95?0 16)h,(0 4 737?0 32)?g/ml and (0 6 163?0 42)?g/ml,(9 3 954?0 80)?g/(ml?h) and (8 5 223?0 76)?g/(ml?h),(10 1 336?0 87)?g/(ml?h) and (8 8 821?0 77)?g/(ml?h),respectively The relative bioavailability of BP versus CF was(112 40?0 06)% CONCLUSION:The results show that the benproperine sustained-release tablet and cofrel are bioequivalent

[Objective] To discuss the mechanism and relative problems of lumbar traction. [Method] Relevant articles and retrospect clinical data in the author's hospital were reviewed. Review relevant articles and retrospect clinical data of our hospital. [ Result ] Traction force : 40 kg + 15% ～ 20% of body weight, fineness rate reached 83.5% in 1606 patients being treated. According to course of disease, fineness rate was 90. 1% in the group of less than 3 years, 68.2% in the group of more than 3 years. [ Conclusion] Lumbosacral nerve root leave the peak of the protruding nucleus and establish a new harmonious "root-disc" relationship after traction. The pressure and tension to the nerve root reduces or disappears, meanwhile, the pain of low back and leg is alleviated or eradicated. Appropriate traction weight and correct traction body posture are key factors of good therapeutic effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of delayed fluid resuscitation on hemodynamics and visceral perfusion in dogs with hemorrhagic shock. Methods Fourteen Beagle dogs were prepared for cannulation of carotid artery and jugular vein, and 24 hours later they were subjected to hemorrhagic shock with about 42% of total blood volume exsanguinated. Animals were divided into delayed resuscitation group ( DR group, n = 8) and immediate resuscitation group ( IR group, n = 6) . In the first 24 hours after hemorrhage, dogs in Dr group were given no fluid resuscitation, while those in IR group were immediately given resuscitation with intra-venous glucose-electrolyte solution, of which the volume was three times that of blood loss. In the second 24 hours, all animals had intra-venous fluid resuscitation. The variables of hemodynamics and visceral perfusion were determined before hemorrhage and 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after hemorrhage under conscious state of dogs. Results After hemorrhage, the mean arterial pressure,cardiac output index, max of left ventricular contractility, blood flow of intestinal mucosa and urinary output greatly decreased and systemic vascular resistance obviously increased in each group compared with those before hemorrhage ( P ＜ 0.05 ) . From 4 hours after hemorrhage, the above measurements of dogs in IR group gradually resumed and reach Oh levels in 72 hours after hemorrhage except systemic vascular resistance index and intestinal blood flow. Whereas those measurements in dogs of DR group kept on worsening, and the levels of mean arterial pressure, cardiac output index, intestinal blood flow and urinary output were significantly lower than those in dogs of IR group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Over 72 hours, five of eight dogs died with anuria in DR, and no animals died in IR group. Conclusion The findings indicate that delayed fluid resuscitation deteriorates hemodynamics, handicapping the restoration of visceral perfusion and increasing mortality in dogs with hemorrhagic shock.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the use of antimicrobials in hepatic disease inpatients. METHODS:In retrospective study,200 cases of hepatic disease in our hospital from Mar. 2007 to Mar. 2008 were randomly collected and utilization of antimicrobials was analyzed. RESULTS:136 inpatients treated with antimicrobials accounted for 68.00%. 76.47% were injected by intravenous. 35 cases were performed bacteria culture (25.74%). 7 categories (24 kinds) of antimicrobials were used. The DUI of top 10 antimicrobials in the list of DDD were below 1,which indicated drug use was basically appropriate. CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to application management of antimicrobials in patients with hepatic disease in our hospital to reduce irrational use of drug.

Objective To investigate the effect of oral rehydration on hemedynamies and mierocirculatory perfusion in dogs with fatal hemorrhagic shock.Methods Twenty male Beagle dogs 16-20 months old weighing 8-12 ks were subjected to a loss of 40% of the total blood volume,then divided into 3 groups:no rehydration group (group NR,n=8),oral rehydration group(group OR,n=6)and intravenous rehydration group(group IR,n=6).Group NR received no treatment within 24 h after blood-letting.Group IR and OR were given glucose-electrolyte solution (GES) either by gastric tube or by intravenous infusion 3 times volume of the blood loss immediately after the establishment of the model.Then the lactated Ringer's solution,glucose saline and compound amino acid(2 times volume of the blood loss)were started to be given to supplement the physiological consumption from 24 h after blood-letting in each group.The MAP,cardiac index(CI),systemic vascular resistance (SVR),dp/dtmax,and intestinal mucoflal blood flow (IMBF) were determined before blood-letting(T0,baseline) and 2 h (T1),4 h(T2),8 h(T3),24 h(T4),48 h(T5) and 72 h(T6)after blood-letting.The fatality rate within 72 h after blood-letting and urinary output were calculated.Results The fatality rates were 63%,33%and O in group NR, OR and IR respectively, which showed significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05).Compared with the baseline values at To, MAP, CI and dp/dtmax were significantly decreased at T1-6, in group NR,at T1-5 in group OR and at T1-4 in group IR, and SVR was significantly increased, while IMBF decreased at each time point after blood-letting in the three groups ( P <0.05), but no significant change was found in MAP, CI and dp/dtmax at T6 in group IR and OR (P>0.05). MAP, CI, dp/dtmax , IMBF and urinary output were significantly higher, while SVR was significantly lower in group OR and IR than in group NR ( P < 0.05). MAP, CI,dp/dtmax, IMBF and urinary output were signiflcandy lower, while SVR was significantly higher in group OR than in group IR ( P < 0. 05). Conclusion Oral administration of GES 3 times volume of the blood loss within 24 h after fatal hemorrhagic shock can obviously improve the hemodynamics and microcirculatory perfusion, then improve the survival state and have obvious resuscitation efficacy.

AIM: To establish a simple, rapid and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for the determination of cyclosporin A (CsA) in human whole blood, and to study the influence of nicotinylmethylamide (Nic) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of cyclosporin A (CsA). METHODS: Whole blood CsA concentrations were measured by HPLC in 18 healthy volunteers administrated single CsA or co administrated Nic. The data of time blood concentrations of CsA were analyzed by 3p97 Program. The analysis of variance and two one sided t test were used to compare the main pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA in the two administrations. RESULTS: C max and AUC 0～∞ of CsA had statistically significance between the single CsA group and co administration of Nic group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: This HPLC method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and is suitable for routine determination of blood CsA levels in human. Nic can improve the absorption of CsA and increase the C max and AUC of CsA, but has no influence on the metabolism of CsA.

OBJECTIVE：To develop a method for the determination of eperisone hydrochloride by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).METHOD:C18 column as the stationary phase and methanol-water-triethylamine(80∶19.5∶0.5,V/V,adjusted to pH 7.5 with glacial acetic acid) as the mobile phase were adopted.The detection was performed at 254nm.Eperisone hydrochloride tablets were disssolved in methanol,supersonic-vibrated and filtered.Tolperisone was used as internal standard.RESULTS:The standard curve was linear in the range of 0.4～1.6mg/ml with the excellent correlation coefficient of 0.9999.The average recovery was 98.4%(RSD=1.2%,n=15).Three batches of eperison hydrochloride tablets were analyzed and the labelled contents were 97.8%,98.3% and 98.9% respectively.CONCLUSION:The method was simple,sensitive,rapid and suitable for the quantitative anylysis of the preparation.

Objective To evaluate the role of spinal peroxynitrite in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 240-260 g, aged 2-3 months, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), remifentanil group (group R), hydrogen-rich saline group (group C + H), and remifentanil + hydrogen-rich saline group (group R+H).In group C, normal saline was infused for 60 min at a rate of 0.1 ml · kg-1 · min-1.In group R, remifentanil was infused for 60 min at a rate of 1.0 μg · kg-1 · min-1.In group R+H, remifentanil was infused for 60 min at a rate of 1.0 μg · kg-1 · min-1 ,and hydrogen-rich saline 10 ml/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 10 min before iv infusion.At 24 h before iv infusion and 6, 24 and 48 h after iv infusion (T0-3) , the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured.All the rats were sacrificed after the last measurement of pain thresholds, the lumbar segment (L4-6) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the nitrated manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression (by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) expression (by Western blot) and spinal MnSOD activity (by spectrophotometer).Results Compared with group C, the MWT was significantly decreased, and TWL was shortened at T1-T3, the expression of spinal 3-NT and nitrated MnSOD was up-regulated, and MnSOD activity was decreased in R and R+H groups, and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group C+H.Compared with group R, the MWT was significantly increased, and TWL was prolonged at T1-T3, the expression of spinal 3-NT and nitrated MnSOD was down-regulated, and MnSOD activity was increased in group R + H.Conclusion Spinal peroxynitrite is involved in the mechanism underlying remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia through inhibiting the activity of MnSOD in rats.

Purpose To explore the feasibility of double low dose technology in multi-slice head and neck CT angiography, so to reduce contrast agent as well as reduce radiation dose. In that way, the hazards of radiation and the risk of contrast induced nephropathy would be reduced. Materials and Methods Fifty-one patients took double low proposal were recruited as double low group. Another 51 patients who took conventional proposal were recruited as conventional group. The scanning parameters of double low group were 100 kV, 300 mA, 0.7 ml/kg iodinated contrast agent and which of conventional group were 120 kV, 350 mA, 1.0 ml/kg iodinated contrast agent. The CT value of the vessels and image noise were measured. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), subjective image quality score, radiation dose and iodine load between the two groups were compared. Results The volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) of the double low group and the conventional group were 18.00 mGy and 33.86 mGy, respectively. And the effective dose were 3.85 mSv/(mGy · cm) and 7.25 mSv/(mGy · cm), respectively. The iodine loads were 224 mgI/kg and 320 mgI/kg, respectively. SNR and CNR at the aortic arch were higher in double low group than in conventional group, but which was not statistic significant (t=-1.572 and -1.783, P>0.05). The SNR and CNR of bilateral carotid arteries, internal carotid arteries, and middle cerebral arteries had no statistic significance between the two groups (t=0.341-1.739, P>0.05). The subjective image quality scores of double low group and conventional group were (3.69±0.47) scores and (3.70±0.46) scores, which showed no statistic difference (Z= - 0.213, P>0.05). Conclusion Approving images of multi-slice head and neck CT angiography can be obtained by using double low dose technology without adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction.

Objective To evaluate the effects of hydrogen-rich saline on incisional pain-remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2-3 months,weighing 240-260 g,in which the catheter was successfully inserted into the caudal vein,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:control gourp (group C),remifentanil + incisional pain group (group R + I) and different doses of hydrogen-rich saline groups (H1 and H2 groups).A l-cm longitudinal incision was made through skin,fascia and muscle of the plantar aspect of the left hindpaw in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.Remifentanil 1 μg· kg-1 · min-1 was infused intravenously for 60 min sarting from beginning of establishment of incisional pain model in R + I,H1 and H2 groups.The equal volume of normal saline was infused intravenóusly for 60 rin instead of remifentanil group C.Hydrogen-rich saline 5 and 10 ml/kg were injected intraperitoneally at 10 min before establishment of incisional pain model in H1 and H2 groups,respectively.Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to yon Frey hair stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to thermal stimulation were measured at 24 h before remifentanil infusion and 2,6,24 and 48 h after remifentanil infusion (T0-T4).The rats were sacrificed after measuremnt of pain threshold,and L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of R1 and 2B subunits-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NR1 and NR2B) in total and membrane proteins by Western blot.The ratio between the expression of NR1 in membrane protein and in total protein (mNR1/tNR1) and NR2B in membrane protein and in total protein (mNR2B/tNR2B) was calculated.Results Compared with group C,PWT was significantly decreased,PWL was shortened,the expression of mNR1,mNR2B,tNR1 and tNR2B was up-regulated,and the ratios of mNR1/tNR1 and mNR2B/tNR2B were increased in R + I,H1 and H2 groups.Compared with group R + I,PWT was significantly increased,PWL was prolonged,the expression of mNR1 and mNR2B was down-regulated,and the ratios of mNR1/tNR1 and mNR2B/tNR2B were decreased in Ht and H2 groups.Compared with group H1,PWT was significantly increased,PWL was prolonged,the expression of mNR1 and mNR2B was down-regulated,and the ratios of mNR1/tNR1 and mNR2B/tNR2B were decreased in group H2.Conclusion Hydrogen-rich saline can attenuate incisional pain-remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in rats and inhibition of trafficking of spinal neuronal NR1 and NR2B from cytoplasm to cell membrane may be involved in the mechanism.