Objective To explore the biomechanical function of PCL and its different bundles and examine the biomechanical impact of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) integrity on the medial femoral condyle. Methods Twelve fresh human cadaveric knee specimens were subjected to different axial load (0-800 N) at 0°, 30°,60°, and 90°of knee flexion. Four surgical treatments were carried out for biomechanical testing: PCL intact, anterolateral bundle (ALB) rupture, posteromedial bundle (PMB) rupture and PCL rupure. During the test, strains of middle part of the medial femoral condyle were calculated. Results At O°knee flexion, increasing strain of the medial femoral condyle was detected in PMB rupture and PCL rupture under all loading conditions. No significant difference of strain of the medial femoral condyle was noted between PCL intact and ALB rupture under any loading conditions. Compared to PMB rupture, PCL rupture had not higher strain of the medial femoral condyle under all loading conditions. At 30°, 60° and 90° knee flexion, increasing strain of the medial femoral condyle was noted in ALB rupture under higher loading conditions and PCL rupture under all loading conditions. ALB rupture under lower loading conditions and PMB rupture under all loading conditions did not significantly increased strain of the medial femoral condyle. PCL rupture had higher strain of the medial femoral condyle than ALB rupture under most of loading conditions.Conclusion The data suggest that PMB is the major stabilizing bundle of PCL in full extension, ALB is the major stabilizing bundle of PCL in knee flexion, and both bundles function through the ROM in a codominant fashion. Partial and complete ruptures of PCL may have hazardous biomechanical impacts on the medial femoral condyle during normal movement.

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of Shensong yangxin capsules combined with edaravone in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease complicated with cerebrocardiac syndrome(CCS). METHODS:A total of 128 cerebrovas-cular disease patients with CCS were randomly divided into control group (64 cases) and observation group (64 cases). Control group received routine treatment,observation group was additionally given Shensong yangxin capsule 1.6 g orally,3 times a day+Edaravone injection 30 mg added into 0.9% Sodium chloride solution 250 mL intravenously,2 times a day. Treatment courses of 2 groups lasted for 10 d. Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were observed,and MDA,SOD,catecholamine(NE,E,DA)levels,cT-nI,NIHSS scores,correlation of cTnI level with NIHSS score were also observed before and after treatment. The occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:Total response rate of nervous system and electrocardio gram in observation group were significant-ly higher than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in MDA,SOD,NE,E,DA,cTnI levels or NIHSS scores between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,MDA,NE,E,DA,cTnI levels and NIHSS scores of 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group;SOD of 2 groups were significantly higher than before,and the observation group was significantly higher than the antrol group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). cTnI level was positively correlated with NIHSS score (r=0.956,P=0.001). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on rou-tine treatment,Shensong yangxin capsules combined with edaravone can significantly improve therapeutic efficacy of cerebrovascu-lar disease patients with CCS,and improve the levels of catecholamine,MDA and SOD without increasing the occurrence of ADR.

OBJECTIVE: Total ceramide concentrations are linked with increased insulin resistance and cardiac dysfunction. However, recent studies have demonstrated that plasma concentrations of specific very-long-chain fatty ceramides (C24:0 and C22:0) are associated with a reduced incidence of coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. We hypothesized that specific genetic loci are associated with plasma C22:0 and C24:0 concentrations. METHODS: Heritability and genome-wide association studies of plasma C24:0 and C22:0 ceramide concentrations were performed among 2,217 participants in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort, adjusting for cardiovascular risk factor covariates and cardiovascular drug treatment. RESULTS: The multivariable-adjusted heritability for C22:0 and C24:0 ceramides was 0.42 (standard error [SE], 0.07; p=1.8E-9) and 0.25 (SE, 0.08; p=0.00025), respectively. Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), all on chromosome 20, significantly associated with C22:0 concentrations; the closest gene to these variants was SPTLC3. The lead SNP (rs4814175) significantly associated with 3% lower plasma C22:0 concentrations (p=2.83E-11). Nine SNPs, all on chromosome 20 and close to SPTLC3, were significantly associated with C24:0 ceramide concentrations. All 9 were also significantly related to plasma C22:0 levels. The lead SNP (rs168622) was significantly associated with 10% lower plasma C24:0 ceramide concentrations (p=9.94E-09). CONCLUSION SNPs near the SPTLC3 gene, which encodes serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 3 (SPTLC3; part of the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of de novo sphingolipid synthesis) were associated with plasma C22:0 and C24:0 ceramide concentrations. These results are biologically plausible and suggest that SPTLC3 may be a potential therapeutic target for C24:0 and C22:0 ceramide modulation.