Osteoclast, a huge coenocytes,originates from mononuclear macrophages or monocytic series hematopoietic precursor cell, plays an important role in the progree of bone resorption. Formation and abnormal activity of osteoclast may cause osteoprosis, rheumatoid arthritis and aseptic loosening after arthroplasty. Therefore, osteoclast is the target for treating these disease. At present, a lot of study on formation of osteoclast were reported, but the study on how to identify and degradation of bone tissue is not yet reported. Bone mineral are seen as important component of identifing osteoclast, and the research suggested that bone matrix is not the essential ingredients of activiting osteoclast, petri dish covered by vitronectin also can make osteoclast occure certain form of bone resorption, vitronectin plays an significant role in activiting osteoclast. Otherwise, the research found that swallowing and secretion of bone matrix degradation products is benefit for differentiation of osteoclast and maintain of function, and this may be therapeutic target for treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.
Animals ; Bone Matrix ; metabolism ; Bone Resorption ; Humans ; Osteoclasts ; physiology

Objective To investigate the applications of antibacterial agents to outpatients in primary hos -pitals in Hefei City of Anhui Province,and to provide reference for rational use of antibacterial agents.Methods In 2011, fourty-five primary hospitals in Hefei City were selected randomly ,including urban community health service centers (Group A) and township hospitals(Group B),and thirty or fourty outpatient prescriptions were analyzed monthly . Results In Group A, the percentage and intensity of antimicrobial usage , the proportion of the combination and injectable formulation were ( 45.36 ±20.02 )%, ( 89.73 ±25.50 ) DDDs · ( 100 cases ) -1 · d-1 , 13.34%, 23.16%,respectively,and the data in Group B were (61.36 ±17.18)%,(108.46 ±32.27)DDDs· (100 cases) -1 · d-1,29.13%,46.39%,respectively,which the former were significantly lower than the latter.Conclusion In primary hospitals,the applications of antibacterial agents to outpatiants are not rataional ,including high percentages of usage and unreasonable selection of species ,and more supervision and training need to be given to the medical staff , especially in township hospitals .

OBJECTIVE To study the in virto interaction of allicin combined with cefoperazone against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.METHODS The protocol was designed by checkerboard method and the MICs of allicin combined with cefoperazone against the 17 strains of sensitive and 14 strains of drug-resistant P.aeruginosa were determined by broth dilution method,the FIC index was calculated according to MIC results.The combined effects were confirmed by FIC index.RESULTS The percentage of the FIC index less than 0.5,from 0.5 to 1,from 1 to 2,and more than 2 was 41.2-64.3% 35.7-41.2% 0-17.6%,and 0%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Synergism and additivity of allicin combined with cefoperazone against P.aeruginosa are their main action,there are little autonomy and no antagonism.Allicin can significantly improve the antibacterial activity of cefoperazone against drug-resistant P.aeruginosa.

Objective To study the impacts of the Three Gorges dam and change of water level on the survival of the local rodents, and to provide scientific basis to control the outbreak of rodent-borne diseases.Methods Four villages located around the Three Gorges dam were selected in the study. The mouse populations by using Elton night trapping method was monitored. Metallic spring traps were set for two consecutive nights. The mouse density and identified the mouse species was calculated. The mouse species indoor and outdoor, as well as the mouse density indoor and outdoor were compared. The impacts of water level in the dam and cleaning work on local mouse density were also analyzed. Results A total of 678 mice were caught in this study, 517 were caught indoor and 161 outdoor. Indoor dominant species was flavipectus; accounting for 36.49%(189/517), while outdoor was apodemus, reaching 56.88% (91/161). For mouse species, there was a significant difference between indoor and outdoor(x2 = 678.00, P ＜ 0.01 ). The average mouse density was 8.44%(678/8036) in trap nights. Indoor mouse density reached 14.44%(517/3581 ), which was significantly higher than that of outdoor(3.61%, 161/4455 ).For mouse density, there was a significant difference between indoor and outdoor(x2 = 301.04, P ＜ 0.01 ). When the water level was up to 156 m, mouse density reached 10%(513/5132), which was higher than that of before (5.68%, 165/2904). There was a significant difference in mouse density before and after reserving water (x2 = 44.68, P ＜ 0.01 ). With the change of water level, upstream mouse density formed a high platform from May 2007 to May 2008, followed by 12.25%(80/653), 13.16%(90/684), 12.95%(90/695), and decreased to 8.38%(28/334) after cleaning of the dam. Conclusions The Three Gorges dam and change of water level actually alter the survival environment of the local mouse, and affect local mouse density and mouse species. These may lead to local outbreak or epidemic of rodent-borne diseases.

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of Xinmaitong capsule (XMT) on serum matrix metalloproteinases-9, high sensitive C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

METHOD63 cases were divided by randomized, contrastive assigned to XMT group (n = 31) and control group (n = 32). The serum levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP before and after treatment in 12 weeks were detected.

RESULTAfter treatment, the serum levels of MMP-9 in control group had no changed and the levels of hs-CRP reduced. The serum levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP in XMT group had significantly decreased. The serum levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP had positive correlation, but had no correlation to levels of serum lipids.

CONCLUSIONXMT decreased breakdown of matrix collagen, and inflammatory reaction in the patients of ACS, which may have effect on plaque stabilization.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; Aged ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Capsules ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) combined with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on left ventricular function and ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and investigate the possible mechanism.

METHODSThe experimental design consisted of 5 groups of rats, namely the sham, myocardial infarction (MI) model, MI with EPO treatment, MI with G-CSF treatment, and MI with EPO plus G-CSF treatment groups. Apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes was detected by TUNEL staining, and HE staining, Masson trichrome staining, scarlatinum staining, and VIII agent staining were used to evaluate the survival, scar collagen deposition, and angiogenic effects. The cardiac structure and function of the rats after the treatments were assessed by echocardiography and hemodynamic examination.

RESULTSEchocardiography indicated that LVEF and FS were improved in all the intervention groups 7 days after MI, and the rats in EPO plus G-CSF treatment group showed the most obvious reduction of LVESD and LVESV (P<0.01). On day 28 after MI, all the intervention groups showed improvements in LVEF, FS, LVESD, LVEDD, LVESV and LVEDV, which were especially obvious in the combined treatment group; the interventions, especially the combined treatment, also resulted in decreased LVEDP and increased LVSP and +dP/dtmax. On day 1 after MI, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly greater in the MI model group than in EPO and G-CSF groups, and was the fewest in the combined treatment group (P<0.01). On day 28, the number of new vessels increased and the scar and collagen deposition reduced in the EPO and G-CSF groups, and these changes were more obvious in the combined treatment group.

CONCLUSIONSEPO combined with G-CSF can prevent left ventricular remodeling and improve cardiac systolic and diastolic functions by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reducing tissue collagen deposition and inducing neovascularisation.

Animals ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Erythropoietin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Ventricular Function, Left ; physiology ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects

For diabetes mellitus, little research has been done on the tissue-based or cell-based drug screening model, which has advantages over traditional animal diabetic model in high specificity, high screening volume, low cost and simple manipulation. Considering that the maintenance of complete islet tissue structure is the prerequisite for islet cells to perform their functions normally, an in vitro islet-based drug screening model for diabetes mellitus was established and evaluated. Pancreatic islets were isolated from 3 weeks old mice of either sex by collagenase digestion and density gradient centrifugation as prescribed by Ramanadham S. The volume of 0.1% (W/V) collagenase IV, 0.1% (W/V) Hyaluroridase and 0.1% (W/V) DNase I were 4 times, 2 times and 1 times that of the islets to be digested. And a 2 hours' cold digestion at 4 degrees C was followed by a 10 minutes' warm digestion at 37 degrees C. Under the optimized digestion condition, the islet recovery could be increased by 10%. The isolated islets could survive 6 weeks in vitro and show stable insulin secretion in the first 10 days after inoculation. The obtained islets were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2. Then a diabetic model was established by selecting streptozotocin (STZ) as the evocator and nitric oxide (NO) as the responding index. After 1 day's inoculation, islets culture was treated with STZ, whose concentration ranged from 0 to 5.0 mmol/L. NO was measured by a colorimetric assay at 540nm based on the Griess reaction for 10 min with 0.1 mL Griess reagent and 0.1 mL culture supernatants. Insulin secretion was assayed by RIA methods. Due to the islets-related inoculation variations, NO release and insulin content were both expressed as a percentage of the value recorded in basal experiment which was in the only presence of Krebs culture medium. It was testified that the amount of NO released from islet itself remained steady at 30-35 mmol/L regardless of the changes of STZ concentration from 0 to 5.0 mmol/L. However the NO content in the supernatants of islets culture had close relationship with STZ concentration. This indicated that in this STZ-induced islet diabetic model, NO mainly comes from STZ when it dissolves in water. On the other hand, when STZ changed from 0 to 5.0 mmol/L, the dose-dependent relationship between NO content and insulin secretion showed that the increase of NO came along with the decrease of insulin secretion, which is an important symbol of islet function. As a kind of oxidative free radical, NO is capable of impair islet cells. Thus, NO is a reliable responding index of the model. The optimal STZ concentration in the model is finally determined to be 5.0 mmol/L, under which condition the NO content and insulin secretion is 10.81 times and 0.43 times that in the medium before STZ is added. So if anything is effective in lowering the NO content in the culture, it could protect islets cells from the oxidative attacks of NO. Finally, as an application of the model, the scavenging effect of KOSCr on NO was studied. In a series of KOSCr with different chromium content, all had shown better NO scavenging effects than KOS itself, which could give us an enlightenment of the influence of chromium ion on oligosaccharide. And 1 g/mL KOSCr with 3.519% chromium content can significantly inhibit the NO formation. This has lain a theoretic basis for the research of KOSCr bioactivity and quality control. These results suggested that the STZ-induced diabetic islet model which is impaired by NO free radical can be used effectively, fast and conveniently when screening potential diabetes drugs.
Animals ; Chromium ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Islets of Langerhans ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Streptozocin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate effects of biejiajian pill (BP) on the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of hepatoma carcinoma cells (HepG2), and to primarily explore the mechanisms for fighting against metastasis and invasion.

METHODSUsing sero-pharmacological methods, HepG2 cells were respectively cultured by high and middle dose BP containing serums and the vehicle serum. Using MTT colorimetry, cell adhesion test, and Transwell invasion test, effects of BP on the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of HepG2 cells were detected, thus further exploring the mechanisms for fighting against the metastasis and invasion of HepG2 cells.

RESULTSHigh and middle dose BP containing serums could significantly prohibit the growth and proliferation, the adhesion and invasion of HepG2 cells on the basilar membrane. Besides, these effects were correlated with the concentrations of BP.

CONCLUSIONBP could effectively inhibit the growth and proliferation, adhesion and invasion of HepG2 cells.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Rats

Osteoclast,a huge coenocytes,originates from mononuclear macrophages or monocytic series hematopoietic precursor cell,plays an important role in the progree of bone resorption. Formation and abnormal activity of osteoclast may cause osteoprosis,rheumatoid arthritis and aseptic loosening after arthroplasty. Therefore,osteoclast is the target for treating these disease. At present,a lot of study on formation of osteoclast were reported,but the study on how to identify and degrada-tion of bone tissue is not yet reported. Bone mineral are seen as important component of identifing osteoclast ,and the research suggested that bone matrix is not the essential ingredients of activiting osteoclast ,petri dish covered by vitronectin also can make osteoclast occure certain form of bone resorption ,vitronectin plays an significant role in activiting osteoclast. Otherwise , the research found that swallowing and secretion of bone matrix degradation products is benefit for differentiation of osteoclast and maintain of function,and this may be therapeutic target for treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.

OBJECTIVETo observe whether there are some differences between myocardial postconditioning and remote postconditioning, and whether there is additional cardiac protection when they are used combined during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits.

METHODSThirty healthy New Zealand rabbits which were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 5): ischemic control group (CON), sham operation group (Sham), myocardial postconditioning group (MPostC), remote postconditioning group (RPostC), myocardial postconditioning plus remote postconditioning group (MPostC + RPostC). Acute myocardial infarction was induced by 45 minutes occlusion on left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) and 2 hours reperfusion in all anesthetized open-chest rabbits except the Sham, the coronary occlusion and reperfusion were determined by changes of ECG and cardiac color. Skeletal muscle ischemia model was induced by extrinsic iliac arteries occlusion and reperfusion with artery clamps. The condition that the extrinsic iliac arteries were occluded or reperfused could be tested by according to the distal arterial pulse. Plasma creatine kinase (CPK) activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were measured at baseline, the end of ischemia, after 1 hour and 2 hours of reperfusion respectively. The extent of myocardial infarction was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) staining and measured by area ratio of AN/AAR.

RESULTSCompared with the Con, myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced in MPostC and RpostC group (P < 0.05). But there was no significant difference between MPostC and RPostC group. Combined MPostC and RPostC markedly enhanced myocardial protection (P < 0.05). The trend of CPK and LDH release was similar to the trend of myocardial infarct size.

CONCLUSIONBoth MPostC and RPostC induced cardiac protection. There was no significant difference between MPostC and RPostC. Combined MPostC and RPostC induced markedly additive effect on myocardial protection.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; Muscle, Skeletal ; blood supply ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rabbits