AIM: To investigate the situation of patients with mechanical ocular trauma and the possible influencing factors related to the prognosis.METHODS: Totally 260 patients(286 eyes) with mechanical ocular trauma from January 2011 to January 2016 in Xiaogan Central Hospital were selected and retrospective studied.Sociology and clinical data including gender,age,career,injury causes,injury nature,treatment time and visual acuity on admission in these patients were univariate analyzed,then the positive factors were analyzed using Logistic regression.RESULTS: The middle-aged and young males were domain in 260 patients.The causes were mainly sharp instrument injury,while perforating injury of eyeball was the majority in injury nature.Univariate analysis showed that injury causes,injury nature,treatment time and eyesight on admission were influencing factors,while multivariate analysis by Logistic regression showed that visual acuity on admission and orbital contusion were independent influencing factors for patients ocular trauma.CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma is a majoy cause of monocular blind,there are close associations between prognosis of ocular trauma and orbital contusion and visual acuity on admission.But the majority of ocular trauma is preventable and treatable,the relevant measures should be developed to prevent the ocular trauma.

AlM: To analyze the correlation between tear film changes of allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye, then provide clinical references for better treatment.
METHODS: Fifty patients with allergic conjunctivitis were taken as the observation group, the control group was selected based on 1:1 case control theory, and we chose 50 health volunteers without ocular surface diseases, xerophthalmia and systematic diseases randomly, then fluorescein ( FL) staining, break-up time ( BUT) , Schirner l test ( SⅠt) , tear meniscus high ( TMH) and slit-lamp examinations were performed in the two groups.
RESULTS: ln the observation group, FL, BUT, Slt, TMH of right eyes and left eyes were statistically significant correlated ( P < 0. 05 ). FL and BUT were statistically significant between control group and observation group (P<0. 05). TMH and Slt has positive correlation, while FL and BUT has negative correlation and the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). CONCLUSlON: Due to inflammatory mediators participation, allergic conjunctivitis could lead to the stability changes of tear film which cause in dry eye. The stability changes of allergic conjunctivitis correlate to the damage degree of epithelium.

Biomimetics ; Blood Cells ; metabolism ; CD55 Antigens ; blood ; CD59 Antigens ; blood ; Cell Membrane ; Humans ; Male ; Submarine Medicine

Objective: To observe the change of microglia activity after fast decompressing and/or hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO)-induced central nervous system (CNS) damage, so as to study the role of microglia in CNS dysbaric injury and the effects of HBO on microglia. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into the following groups: normal control, safe decompressing, fast decompressing (FD) injured, and HBO treated groups. Rat models of dysbaric injury were established by FD; 6 h later the rat models were subjected to HBO treatment. The activated microglia were detected by FITC-linked Isolectin B4; TNF-α and TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) positive cells were detected immunohistochernically; and neural apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. TNF-α contents in CNS tissue were determined by ELISA and the bioactivity of sTNF-α in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined by L929 cell cytotoxicity bioassay. Results: 1134 positive microglia appeared in rats' CNS 6 h after FD treatment, peaked after 24 h, and declined thereafter. The activated microglia had morphological changes. Cell apoptosis indices of CNS reached its peak 48 h after FD treatment. Activated microglia and apoptotic neurons had similar distribution. TNF-α was detected in the brain and spinal cord 6 h after FD, significantly increased after 24 h, and peaked after 48 h. The content of TNF-α was positively correlated with IB4 positive cells and apoptosis index (P<0.05). TNF-α bioactivity in CSF of FD group had a similar change to TNF-α content in CNS tissue. The IHC results showed that, TNF-α and TACE positive cells had the same morphology and distribution to those of IB4 positive cells. HBO treatment significantly decreased IB4 positive cells after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h; reduced TNF-α content in CNS tissues and TNF-α cytotoxicity in CSF; and decreased the apoptosis index after 48 h and 72 h. Conclusion: Microglial cells are quickly activated after dysbaric-induced injury of CNS. The activated microglia play a role in secondary injury through increasing TNF-α and TACE expression. HBO therapy can protect the neurons through depressing the activation and proliferation of microglia and reducing secretion of neurotoxin.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum(Lb-f)on inhibition of cytoxan(CTX) on HCT116 cells of human colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. METHODS:HCT116 cells were cultured in vitro. MTT assay was used to in-vestigate the effects of 4,2,1μg/ml CTX and combined with 10μg/ml Lb-f on the survival rate of HCT116 cells. HCT116 cell xe-nograft tumor nude mice model was induced to investigate the effects of 100,50,25 mg/kg CTX and combined with 180 mg/kg Lb-f on tumor volume,tumor weight,relative tumor inhibition rate,the sensitization effect of chemotherapy (by q value),the number of peripheral blood leucocyte and platelet. RESULTS:Compared with CTX alone,CTX combined with Lb-f had no signifi-cant effect on survival rate of HCT116,relative inhibition rate of tumor volume in nude mice, relative inhibition rate of tumor weight and q value (P>0.05),but increased the number of peripheral blood leucocyte and platelet (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:No synergistic effects of Lb-f is found on the inhibition of CTX on the growth of HCT116 in vitro and in vivo;Lb-f can inhibit the decrease of peripheral blood leucocyte and platelet of HCT116 cell xenograft tumor nude mice induced by CTX.

Objective Detailed descriptions of the double-labeling immunofluorescence staining for fluorescence microscopy provides an ideal sample.Methods Rat liver frozen sections were used fixative were 95％ alcohol,95％ formaldehyde and acetone,frozen sections,with anti-CSE,Ki-67 polyclonal antibody and incubated with FITC,Cy3 fluorescence-labeled secondary fluorescently labeled secondary antibody staining,observed under a fluorescence microscope.Results Acetone fixed group visible in the proliferative phase (S phase) cells showed a red fluorescent nucleus,cytoplasmic green fluorescence.Conclusion The impact of double labeling immunofluorescence the effect of sample links and many factors,including the two most important factors are 2 and coordination with the primary antibody and select the appropriate fixative.

Objective To investigate the operation key points, instrument improvement and shortterm effects in total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) via a single posterior approach for thoracic and lumbar tumors. Methods A series of modified instruments have been designed for the TES, including threadwire saw (T-saw) with a diameter of 0.81 mm, director and clamping for the saw, L shape and furcation osteotomes.The corpectomy of original TES which was defined as "one step dissection" from anteriorly to posteriorly, was modified into "two step dissection" which means that corpectomy was performed with saw cutting anteriorposteriorly and the L shape cutting posterior-anteriorly. In the cases with difficulty in pediculotomy using a T-saw, furcation osteotome was used for pediculotomy. Ten patients with thoracic or lumbar tumors were treated with the modified TES. There were 1 case of bone giant cell tumor, 1 case of bone neurilemmoma and 8 cases of metastatic tumors. All patients suffered moderate-severe pain and neurological deficit. Results The average follow-up period was 8.1(3.3-18.1) months. The average operating time was 7.8 h(6.0-10.3 h),and average blood loss was 2100 ml (1200-3500 ml). No disruption of dural mater, the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, iatrogenic spinal cord injury and major vessel damage occurred. Two patients who underwent pleura disruption happened during the operation were treated with intrathoracic drain remedy. Among 7 cases with thoracic tumors, significant improvement in neurological function were achieved in 5 patients with the improvement of one grade in ASIA classification, while no change was found in 2 cases. In 3 cases with lumbar tumor, lumbar nerve root pain relieved and the muscle strength had recovered to grade 4 at least postoperatively. Conclusion Significant improvement has been achieved in the maneuverability and safety of the modified surgical techniques in TES with a single posterior approach for thoracic and lumbar tumors.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of oleanolic acid and its derivative di-hydrooleanolic acid in rats in vivo. METHODS:12 SD rats were randomly divided into oleanolic acid administration group and di-hydrooleanolic acid administration group,6 in each group. All rats were intragastrically given related medicine(50 mg/kg),then in-travenously injected related medicine(2 mg/kg)in tail vein after 1 week. Sample blood 0.3 mL was taken from tail vein before ad-ministration and after administration(0.1,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2,3,5,7,9,12 h for ig;0.05,0.15,0.25,0.5,0.75,1, 2,3,5,7,9,12 h for iv). UPLC-QTOF was conducted to determine the plasma concentration,and DAS 2.0 pharmacokinetic software was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability. RESULTS:After ig and iv oleanolic acid, the AUC0-∞ were(232.10±7.17),(1203.99±19.65)ng·h/mL,t1/2 were(1.75±0.10),(1.41±0.04)h respectively;after ig,cmax was (121.3 ± 18.92) ng/mL,tmax was (0.54 ± 0.10) h,absolute bioavailability was 0.77%. After ig and iv dihydrooleanolic acid, AUC0-∞ were(382.03±23.73),(386.14±10.65)ng·h/mL,t1/2 were(2.47±0.45),(1.44±0.03)h;after ig,cmax was(124.52± 12.28)ng/mL,tmax was(0.63±0.14)h,absolute bioavailability was 3.96%. CONCLUSIONS:The absolute bioavailability of di-hydrooleanolic acid is significantly higher than oleanolic acid in rats.

Objective To evaluate the changes of function of right ventricular using echocardiography after transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect(ASD)and to study the feasibility and superiority of echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular function. Methods In 70 patients with transcatheter closure of ASD,echocardio?graphic examinations were made different time intervals after the closure to calculate right cardiac morpnology and function. Results After closure ASD in different time intervals, the size of RAEDd1, RAEDd2, RVEDd1, RVEDd2, RVEDd3, Inferior Vena Cava and RIMP, RVEF, TAPSE and FAC were obviously decreased(P<0.01)between two groups. All events were obviously decreased compared precious function(P < 0.01)and the interaction of the time (P < 0.01). Conclusion The construction of right ventricular narrows gradually and the function recovers after transcatheter closure of ASD in a year and those who did not become worse.

Objective To study the effect of infrasound on the changes of expression of NMDAR1 in hipp- ocampal cells.Methods Eighty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into eleven groups:control group,90 dB/1 d,7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d infrasound exposed groups;130 dB/1 d,7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d infra- sound exposed groups.All the animals in the test groups were put in an infrasound field with 8 Hz,90 dB or 130 dB for 2 hours daily.Immunohistochemistry methods were used to detect the changes of intracellular expression of NMDARI in hippocampal cells.Methods The expression of NMDAR1 in hippocampus after the rats were exposed to infrasound of 8 Hz,90 dB SPL showed a procedure from reducing on the 1st day to rising on the 7th and peaked on the 14th day,then to descending on 21st day and returning to the standard level on the 28th day.Exposure to infra- sound of 8 Hz,130 dB SPL induced opposite effects on the expression of NMDAR1 compared with 90 dB SPL,which showed a process of increasing,descending,reaching to the lowest,then ascending and returning to the normal.The lowest expression of NMDAR1 occurred on the 14th day in every observed hippocampal area.Conclusion 8 Hz, 90 dB/130 dB infrasound induced certain reversible reaction in the expression of NMDAR1 of hippoeampal cells in rats,which may disturb their learning and memory function.