Both sides of the picornavirus genome have 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) and 3'- untranslated region (3'UTR). This study demontrated that both the 5'-and 3'-UTR can form complex structures, such as stem-loop, clover and pseudoknot structure, These structures play an important role in the regulaton of the replication and translation of the viruses. This article reviewed the progress of research on the structure and function of picornavirus' 3'-UTR over recent years.
3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Picornaviridae ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Picornaviridae Infections ; virology ; RNA, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of texture analysis of MRI in differential dignosis of benign and ma lignant breast nodules.Methods The MRI data of 78 patients (80 breast nodules) identified by surgical pathology were retrospectively studied.Sixty-three texture parameters were obtained from each nodule.ROC curve of texture parameters in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast nodules were performed.Results In all of the 63 texture parameters,the run length nonuniformity (RLN) had the highest AUC value (0.836) and accuracy,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value in differentiation of breast nodules were 82.93％ (34/41),94.87％ (37/39),88.75％ (71/80),94.44％ (34/36) and 84.09％ (37/44).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS) were 95.12％ (39/41),87.18％ (34/39),91.25％ (73/80),88.63％ (39/44),and 94.44％ (34/36).The difference of diagnostic accuracy between texture parameter and BI-RADS had no statistical significance (P =0.11).BIRADS combined texture parameter improved specificity significantly (P＜0.001).Conclusion The texture analysis could be complementary to improve the accuracy of BI-RADS-MRI in breast nodules.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; metabolism ; Progesterone ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the value of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI)in diagnosis of extramural vascular invasion (EMVI)of rectal cancer.Methods 33 patients with rectal cancer were reviewed preoperatively.The MRI findings of EMVI of all cases were scored and compared with the postoperative pathological results.Results The MRI EMVI scores were consistent with histopathology findings (k=0.324,P=0.039).The accuracy rate of MRI in diagnosis of EMVI was 66.7% (22/33).The MRI EMVI scores rose up with increased pT stage,meanwhile there was a high correlation between both (r=0.546).The percentage of MRI EMVI positive number was increased with elevated pT stage,and there was also a high correlation between both (r=0.469). ROC curve showed that MRI EMVI scoring was an effective method in diagnosis of rectal cancer EMVI (AUC=0.757).Conclusion HRMRI is a valuable method in diagnosis of EMVI of rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that estrogen deficiency causes a reduction in the activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (BMSCs). OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of endothelial progenitor cel s (EPCs) on the BMSCs proliferation and apoptosis ability of osteoporosis rats. METHODS:Healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats, 6 weeks old, were enrol ed and subjected to bilateral ovariectomy to make osteoporosis models. BMSCs and EPCs were isolated using density gradient centrifugation combined with adhesion method, and identified with surface markers, cel proliferation and immunocytochemistry in vitro. We used Transwel inserts to establish EPCs and OVX-BMSCs indirect co-culture system. Control groups were OVX-BMSCs group and sham-BMSCs group in which rats were only subjected to remove the equal amount of fat tissues around the ovary. Flow cytometry was applied to detect BMSCs proliferation and apoptosis ability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control groups, the results of flow cytometry test showed that the proportion of OVX-BMSCs at S phase was significantly increased at 3 days of indirect co-culture with EPCs and the apoptosis rate was significanty reduced at 10 days of indirect co-culture with EPCs (both P<0.05). These results suggest that EPCs can promote the proliferation but inhibit the apoptosis of OVX-BMSCs.

Objective To observe the quantitative exercise prescription's interferential effects on BMI, blood glucose and blood lipid of the patients having type 2 diabetes in community. Methods Fifty patients with type 2 diabetes in community were divided into two groups randomly. 26 cases were trained with exercise prescription 3.3 and 24 cases trained with exercise prescription 4.2. Changes on body measurement index, blood glucose index and blood lipid index were observed before and after 3 months of the exercise prescriptions in beth two groups, by taking the patients per se as control for observing the changes after the exercise and taking the patents in a group as control for observing the differences between the the patients in the two groups. Results The indexes, such as body weight, fast blood glucose, HbA1c, TG, LDL-C were decreased significanfly(P <0. 05) and HDL-C increased obviously (P < 0. 05) in beth groups, when compared by one grope pretest-posttest contrast. The indexes such as body weight, TG, LDL-C were decreased significandy (P < 0. 05) and HDL-C increased slightly, but not obviously (i.e., without a statistical significance, P >0. 05), in exercise prescription 4.2 group if compared with exercise prescription 3.3 group. Conclusions The application of the quantitative exercise prescription designed for middle-aged and old people can effectively reduce BMI, blood glucose and blood lipid of type 2 diabetes patients in community, and thereby it will be a scientific measure as exercise intervention for diabetes patients in community.

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, IL-2, TGF-beta and acute graft-versus host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The percentage of peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells in CD4(+) T cells of 13 patients with hematological malignancies after allo-HSCT were detected by flow cytometry; serum levels IL-2 and TGF-beta in these patients were measured by ELISA. The results indicated that all the patients achieved engraftment. 5 patients developed aGVHD of grade I-II, 4 patients developed aGVHD of grade III-IV. The percentage of peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells out of CD4(+) T cells in patients without aGVHD was higher than that in patients with aGVHD (p < 0.05); the serum level of IL-2 in patients without aGVHD was lower than that of patients with aGVHD (p < 0.05); the serum level of TGF-beta in patients without aGVHD was higher than that of patients with aGVHD (p < 0.05). It is concluded that CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cell level and the serum level of IL-2 and TGF-beta all are related to incidence and severity of aGVHD. These factors may be used as indicators for early evaluating and monitoring aGVHD after allo-HSCT.
Adult ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; etiology ; immunology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; blood

BACKGROUNDNajanalgesin, a toxin isolated from the venom of Naja naja atra, has been shown to exert significant analgesic effects in a neuropathic pain model in rats. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this protective effect of najanalgesin is poorly understood. The present study sought to evaluate the intracellular signaling pathways that are involved in the antinociceptive effect of najanalgesin on neuropathic pain.

METHODSThe antinociceptive properties of najanalgesin were tested in hind paw withdrawal thresholds in response to mechanical stimulation. We analyzed the participation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by western blot analysis. This inhibition of JNK was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe phosphorylation levels of JNK (as well as its downstream molecule c-Jun), p38, and ERK were significantly increased after injury. Najanalgesin only inhibited JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation but had no effect on either ERK or p38. This inhibition of JNK was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, which suggested that the antinociceptive effect of najanalgesin on spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain in rats is associated with JNK activation in the spinal cord.

CONCLUSIONThe antinociceptive effect of najanalgesin functions by inhibiting the JNK in a neuropathic pain model.

Animals ; Elapid Venoms ; therapeutic use ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuralgia ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo describe the pathologic features and diagnostic algorithm of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP).

METHODSThirty-nine biopsy and postmortem cases of PAP were studied by light microscopy and histochemical staining using periodic acid-Schiff (with digestion) (PAS-D), mucicarmine (with digestion) (mucicarmine-D) and alcian blue.

RESULTSHistologically, the affected lung tissue displayed the following characteristic features: (1) alveoli and some of the small bronchioles were filled with eosinophilic and fine granular proteinaceous material with needle-like clefts; (2) proteinaceous material was seen admixed with various numbers of degenerated and sometimes exfoliated pneumocytes; (3) pneumocytes were hyperplastic; (4) alveolar capillaries and alveolar septa had become hyperemic, but pulmonary interstitial inflammation was not obvious; (5) no significant inflammation was identified in the bronchial wall; (6) compensating emphysema was noted in the surrounding lung parenchyma. Fragments of eosinophilic, finely granular proteinaceous material with needle-like clefts were also found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid under light microscopy. The proteinaceous material was stained red by PAS-D. The staining for mucicarmine-D was negative, while alcian blue staining was either weakly positive (faint blue staining) or negative. Pathologic examination of lung biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid thus remaines the gold standard for diagnosis of PAP.

CONCLUSIONSIdentification of homogeneous, eosinophilic, finely granular and PAS-D-positive proteinaceous material with needle-like clefts in alveolar spaces or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is of diagnostic importance in PAP. Bronchoalveolar lavage, being a relatively safe and non-invasive procedure, can be a useful adjunct in arriving at the final conclusion.

Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; pathology

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Neurilemmoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sweat Glands