Abstract: Objective　To analyze the distribution and drug resistance evolution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria of bloodstream infection in nine tertiary hospitals in Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2021, so as to provide reliable basis for rational selection of antibiotics in clinic. Methods Using the drug sensitive paper method or instrument method, the bacteria identification and drug sensitivity test were carried out in nine tertiary hospitals in different regions according to the unified technical scheme. The results were judged according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoint standard in 2021, and use WHONET5.6 for data statistical analysis. Results A total of 12 003 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from bloodstream infection samples in the past five years, including 7 442 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (62.0%) and 4562 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (38.0%), with an increasing trend in the number of isolated strains; of these, 163 strains (1.4%) were isolated from outpatients and 11 840 strains (98.6%) were isolated from inpatients. The top three gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, of which 309 strains (4.2%) were carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KPN), 29 strains (0.4%) carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and 19 strains (0.3%) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae, and the number of CR-KPN was on the rise year by year. The top three Gram-positive bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium, of which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected for 213 strains, accounting for 27.7%, and decreased from 40.0% in 2017 to 23.4% in 2021, showing a downward trend year by year. No vancomycin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci were found. Conclusions The detection and composition of bloodstream infection pathogenic bacteria in multicenter have not changed much in the past five years, but each hospital has its own characteristics. The number of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae increased year by year, which should be paid more attention.

ObjectiveTo investigate the difference of blood pressure variability among patients with lacunar infarction,nonlacunar infarction and normotension.MethodsBlood pressure was measured serially at 1-hour intervals during the first 24 hours after infarction with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in 31 patients(17 cases with nonlacunar infarction and 14 cases with lacunar infarction).The blood pressure variability index were compared.ResultsBoth 24 h and day systolic blood pressure variability were significantly higher in lacunar infarction patients compared with nonlacunar infarction ones.ConclusionFluctuation of systolic blood pressure may disturb small arteries rather than large or middle arteries.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of PC-1 gene knockdown on the biological action of prostate cancer cell line C4-2.

METHODSRecombinant plasmids of expressing short hairpin RNA targeting PC-1 mRNA were constructed using DNA recombinant technology and transfected into C4-2 cells via liposome. The positive cell clones were selected by G418. The expression of PC-1 gene was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting technology. MTT and soft agar cloning formation were applied to observe the changes of the growth rate and independent anchor ability of C4-2 cells.

RESULTSPC-1 RNA interference severely affected the expression of PC-1 gene and reduced the growth and colony formation ability of C4-2 cells.

CONCLUSIONRNA interference-mediated PC-1 gene knockdown can decrease the growth and cloning formation ability of C4-2 cells.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pyrophosphatases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective To observe expression of neuron specific enolase (NSE) gene in the brain of rats induced by iodine excess. Methods One hundred and fifty one-month weaning Wistar rats were divided into ten groups according to 5 × 2 factorial experiment. Rats were fed with normal feedstuff and water of a series of iodine concentration by adding potassium iodide respectively: norrmal iodine (NI), five-fold high iodine (5HI), ten-fold high iodine(10HI), fifty-fold high iodine(50HI) and one hundred-fold iodine(100HI). After these rats were fed for three or six months, rat serum thyroid hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay including TT4, TT3, FT4, FT3, rT3 and the mRNA level of NSE in rat brain tissue was studied using RT-PCR technique. Results The levels of serum TT4 and TT3 were significantly different in five iodine level groups(F values were 18.867,27.287, both P < 0.01). The interaction between time and iodine level in TT4 was significant in our study(F values were 2.486, P < 0.05). The levels of TT4 and TT3 of 100 HI group at third and sixth month were lower than those of NI, 5HI, 10HI, 50HI groups in the same period (all P < 0.01). The levels of serum FT4, FT3 and rT3 were significantly different at different time(F values were 4.968,27.046,59.776 respectively, P < 0.05 or < 0.01) and in different iodine level groups(F values were 33.058,28.420,17.482 respectively, all P < 0.01). Moreover, the interaction between time and iodine level in FT3 and rT3 was significant in our study(F values were 6.894,5.233 respectively, both P < 0.01). FT4, FT3 and rT3 in 100HI group were lower than that of other iodine dosage groups at the same time (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). The levels of NSE mRNA in brain tissue was significantly different in five iodine level groups (F values were 29.006, P < 0.05). The levels of mRNA NSE of 100HI group in both three and six months (0.61 ± 0.19,0.61 ± 0.22) were all lower than that of any other groups[NI(0.73±0.13 and 0.72 ±0.26), 5HI (0.72 ± 0.15 and 0.72±0.16), 10HI (0.73 ±0.32 and 0.70±0.13), 50HI(0.71±0.18 and 0.69±0.31), all P < 0.05]. The results of correlation analyses show that the levels of serum FT3 and FT4 had correlations with the levels of NSE mRNA (P < 0.05) both in three and six months(r values were 0.987, 0.969 in three month, and 0.890, 0.910 in six month respectively). Conclusions The expression of NSE gene can tolerant the excess of iodine to a certain extent. Exposure to heavy excess iodine(100HI) can decrease the mRNA level of NSE gene. FT4 and FT3 may both have important roles on the regulation of NSE mRNA induced by excess iodine.

ABSTRAC: The therapeutic course of an aciclovir-induced acute renal dysfunctional patients was summarized. This had been relieved through a 15-day treatment with Western medicine but with a two-week protracted low fever that was cured by the authors using Chinese medicinal herbs for supplementing qi to support essence, nourishing yin to depress fire, clearing heat, and detoxicating. For the sake of providing a reference to clinical medication, the materials used for the disease were recorded and analyzed to explore the clinical characteristics of Chinese medicine treatment and prevention of anaphylaxis responses, such as the protracted low fever after acute renal dysfunction induced by overinfused aciclovir.
Acyclovir ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infusion Pumps ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; Remission Induction

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in renal tubular epithelial cells exposed to high glucose and the effect of spironolactone on the TLR4 expression.

METHODSIn vitro renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were randomly exposed to DMEM culture solution with low glucose (5 mmol /L), high glucose (25 mmol/L) or 10(-7) mol/L spironolactone plus 25 mmol/L glucose. Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine TLR4 protein and mRNA expression. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the cell culture supernatant were determined using ELISA.

RESULTSThe expression of TLR4 mRNA in the high glucose group began to increase 6 hrs and remained at a higher level up to 24 hrs after exposure as compared with the low glucose group. The TLR4 mRNA expression in the spironolactone treatment group was significantly lower than that in the high glucose group, although it was higher than that in the low glucose group between 6 and 24 hrs after exposure. TLR4 protein expression increased significantly in the high glucose group 24 and 48 hrs after exposure compared with that in the low glucose group. The TLR4 protein expression in the spironolactone treatment group was lower than that in the high glucose group, but higher than that in the low glucose group. IL-6 and TNF-alpha expression in the supernatant from the NRK-52E cells in the high glucose groups increased significantly as compared with the low glucose group. The spironolactone treatment group had significantly reduced IL-6 and TNF-alpha expression compared with the high glucose group.

CONCLUSIONSHigh glucose triggers an increase in the expression of TLR4 and inflammatory factors in NRK-52E cells. TLR4 may participate in the progress of diabetic nephropathy. Spironolactone can reduce expression of TLR4 and inflammatory factors, which might be attributed to one of the mechanisms of protection by spironolactone against diabetic nephropathy.

Cells, Cultured ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; etiology ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interleukin-6 ; analysis ; Kidney Tubules ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Spironolactone ; pharmacology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the age variations of head-face morphological traits of Hakka in Guangdong Province.

METHODSThirty-eight physical indices of head and face of 671 Hakka adults (151 urban males, 181 urban females, 162 rural males and 177 rural females) from Meizhou city of Guangdong were investigated. Twelve physical indices of head and face were calculated and counted its indices distributions. The age changes of morphological traits of head and face were analyzed.

RESULTSWith the age growing, the rate of eyefold of the upper eyelid was increased, and the Mongoloid fold decreased, the direction of eyeslits tended to level, nasal root height dropped, the zygomatic projection was more projected, the eye color turned to lighter, the upper red lips became thinner; medium-sized facial height, nasal height, upper lip skin height, physiognomic ear length, physiognomic ear breadth and breadth of alae nasi were decreased. The index of mouth breadth, morphological facial skin fold were positively correlated with the age. The index of minimum frontal breadth, face breadth, bigonial diameter, interocular breadth, external biocular breadth, lip height, thickness of lips and horizontal head circumference were negatively correlated with the age. With the age growing, morphological facial index and vertical cephalo-facial index was ascending. Moreover, length-height index of head, transverse frontoparietal index, zygomatico-frontal index and lip index were declining.

CONCLUSIONWith the age growing, the head and face measurements, physical indices and the proportion of observed indices have changed in Hakka in Guangdong province.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cephalometry ; China ; Face ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Head ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sampling Studies ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDDespite the large scale technical innovations that have been made, a number of patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are lacking NMO-IgG in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Longitudinally extensive spinal cord (LESC) lesions and linear lesions are associated with NMO. However, differences of spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, including LESC lesions and linear lesions, between NMO-IgG positive and negative patients still remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between NMO-IgG status and spinal cord MRI features in NMO patients, particularly concerned about LESC lesions and linear lesions.

METHODSClinical data and spinal cord MRI of 52 NMO patients were retrospectively analyzed. Eight patients were NMO-IgG negative in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid, while 44 were NMO-IgG positive. Quantitative data between the two cohorts were compared by the Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test, the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate qualitative data.

RESULTSNMO-IgG negative patients had a higher sex ratio (male/female) (P = 0.014). On axial MRI, lesions in the NMO-IgG negative group were mostly located in the peripheral cord (50%), and central lesions (55%) were more common in the NMO-IgG positive group (P = 0.051). LESC lesions were common in both cohorts. None of linear lesions was found in NMO-IgG negative patients, while the NMO-IgG positive cohort had significantly more linear lesions (48%) (P = 0.016).

CONCLUSIONSPatients with NMO-IgG negativity may have different spinal cord lesion features compared to NMO-IgG positive patients. Diagnosis of NMO cannot be excluded even when NMO-IgG negativity and non-specific spinal lesions occur.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuromyelitis Optica ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of overdose iodine on the expression of CCK gene in brains of rats and identify the possible mechanisms.

METHODSOne-month weaning Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups which were fed with normal feedstuff and water supplemented with different concentrations of potassium iodide, named A group (iodine ration was about 6.15 microg per day), B group (iodine ration was about 30.75 microg per day), C group (iodine ration was about 61.5 microg per day), D group (iodine ration was about 307.5 microg per day) and E group (iodine ration was about 615 microg per day). Rats were sacrificed after being fed for three or six months. Then serum thyroid hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay and the mRNA level of CCK gene was studied by using RT-PCR technique.

RESULTSAt the end of three months, the values of thyroid hormones in E group [TT4 (45.2 +/- 13.7) nmol/L, TI'3 (0.65 +/- 0.20) nmol/L, FT3 (0.93 +/- 0.45) pmol/L, FT4 (7.07 +/- 2.43) pmol/L, rT3 (0.15 +/- 0.04) nmol/L] were all lower than those in A group [TT4 (76.0 +/- 18.8) nmol/L, TT3 (1.34 +/- 0.41) nmol/L, FT3 (2.45 +/- 0.62) pmol/L, FT4 (15.12 +/- 3.40) pmol/L, rT3 (0.24 +/- 0.04) nmol/L]. There were significant differences between E group and A group on the levels of serum TH (F values are 14.68, 16.03, 21.16, 20.25, 13.52 respectively, P < 0.01); FT3 levels in C and D groups were significantly decreased as compared to A and B groups (F = 21.16, P < 0.05). rT3 level in D group was significantly decreased compared with A,B and C groups (F = 13.52, P < 0.05). At the end of six months, the levels of serum TH in E group (TT4 (51.84 +/- 15.83) nmol/L, TT3 (0.77 +/- 0.22) nmol/L, FT4 (6.88 +/- 2.23) pmol/L, FT3 (0.74 +/- 0.28) pmol/L, rT3 (0.14 +/- 0.03) nmol/L) were lower than those in any other groups (F values were 6.05, 12.22, 11.25, 13.42, 5.89 respectively, P < 0.05). At the end of both three and six months, the mRNA levels of CCK gene in E group were lower than any other groups (F values were 4.04, 3.95 respectively, P < 0.01). The results of correlation analysis showed that serum FT4 had linear correlation with levels of CCK mRNA (r values were 0.990, 0.948 respectively; P < 0.05); However serum FT3 had no linear correlation with the levels of CCK mRNA (r values are 0.970, 0.932 respectively).

CONCLUSIONSExposure to overdose of iodine (iodine ration was 100-fold higher than that of A group) could decrease the mRNA level of CCK gene. Compared with FT3, FT4 might have more important role on the regulation of CCK mRNA induced by excess of iodine.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cholecystokinin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Drug Overdose ; Female ; Food, Formulated ; Gene Expression ; Hyperphagia ; Iodine ; toxicity ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Thyroid Hormones ; blood ; Thyrotropin ; blood ; Thyroxine ; blood ; Triiodothyronine ; blood

Objective To improve the CR image quality and to promote the digital image standard constitution by analyzing the common problems and malpractiees in application of computed radiography. Methods Phenomenon and reasons of 107 CR junk-films from nine three-"A"-hospitals were analyzed, discussed,recorded,and statistised by 20 radiologists,radiographers and engineers.Results Among 107 junk fihns,there are 36 cases(33.64%)of incorrect operations,29 cases(27.10%)of artifacts in reading and transferring the data of IP,15 cases(14.02%)of artifacts in IP system,and 13 cases (12.15%)of selection of inappropriate radiographic parameters,and 9 eases(8.41%)of printer-failures, and 5 eases(4.67%)of inappropriate post-processing techniques.By analyzing the reasons of 107 junk films we found that 60.74% were due to less responsibilities and incorrect operations,and 35.51% were due to new problems in CR techniques,and other were due to inappropriate post-processing techniques. Conclusion Responsibilities,operation regulations,digital image quality standards,studying of new techniques and appropriate use of the post-processing techniques are the key points for improving the CR image quality and the diagnosis level.