Objective To Study the effects of high mechanical index ultrasound radiation microbubble on colon cancer cell skeletal.Methods Lovo cell were cultured in vitro,and this study was divided into control group,simple contrast agent group,microbubble plus ultrasound radiation group and simple ultrasound radiation group.Ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue and ultransound (frequency 1.5 MHz and MI 1.7) were used.Results In the control group,the microtubes were densest in dyeing silk,and extended to the edge of a cell.In the ultrasound and microbubble group,the microtubes were weaker and thin,the.network was mainly in the structure of the long axis.The cells arranged in a slight pigmentation to the density cell,to reach out many fine short hair,there were obviously a sense of silk and directional.In the microbubble and ultrasound group,Lovo cells streamed of the central significantly reduced,fluorescent lighting,with short hair.There was no difference in the ultrasound group and the microbubble group with microfilament and microtubule.Conclusions High mechanical index ultrasound radiation can changed into vacant,a trace of the assembly and distributed to the tumor cells are attacking,the transfer of restraining.

Objective To observe the effects of high mechanical index ultrasound contrast on hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer. Methods Hepatic metastasis models were established by injecting Lovo cells into the spleen of SD rats.This study was divided into control group, microbubble plus ultrasound radiation group simple contrast agent group and simple ultrasound radiation group.Ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue(1 ml/kg) was injected via tail vein, high mechanical index ultrasound contrast (frequency 1.5 MHz,MI 1.7) was performed intermittently for 2 min.After 10 d,the animals were killed and the size and number of hepatic metastasis were compared.Histological pathology and its ultrastructure were observed.Results There were no significant differences between contral group,simple ultrasound radiation group and simple contrast agent group in metastatic rate ( P＞0.05).There were no obvious differences between contral group, simple ultrasound radiation group and simple contrast agent group in cells'ultrastructure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The number and size of hepatic metastasis decreased obviously in microbabble plus ultrasound radiation group ( P＜0.01 ), the mitochondrion was swelling and the gaps of endothelial cells were loose. Conclusions High mechanical index ultrasound contrast can inhibit the hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Objective To observe the perfusion pattern of hepatic angiomyolipomas using contrastenhanced ultrasound(CEUS) and compare diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound with contrastenhanced helical CT(CECT).Methods Nineteen patients with 21 resected and pathologically proven hepatic angiomyolipomas were included in this study.Low mechanical index (mechanical index less than 0.2) realtime CEUS was performed in nineteen patients (5 patients with pulse inversion harmonic, 14 patients with contrast pulse sequencing, CPS) after 2.4ml bolus injection of contrast agent SonoVue.CECT was performed using 16-slice helical CT and contrast agent Ultravist.The diagnostic performance was calculated by considering histologic results as the reference standards.Results Fifteen tumors were correctly diagnosed as hepatic angiomyolipomas,4 tumors were misdiagnosed (including 1 hepatocellular carcinoma,2hepatic adenomas, 1 hemangioma) and 2 tumors were characterized as benign lesions by CEUS.Eight tumors were correctly diagnosed as hepatic angiomyolipomas, 13 tumors were misdiagnosed (including 7hepatocellular carcinoma, 1 liposarcoma, 2 lipomas, 1 hepatic adenomas, 2 hemangiomas) by CECT.The preoperative diagnostic accuracy was 71.4% for CEUS and 38.1 % for CECT(P＜0.05 ).Conclusions CEUS can demonstrate typical imaging characteristics of most hepatic angiomyolipomas, and has higher diagnostic performance than CECT in characterization of hepatic angiomyotipomas.

AIMObserve the effects of er-long-zuo-ci-wan (EIZCW, a compound of Chinese Traditional Medicine) on the spontaneous discharge of external cortex of inferior colliculus (ICx) and secondary auditory cortex (AII) of chronic tinnitus model rats induced by salicylate acid, to explore the neural mechanisms underlying ELZCW preventing tinnitus.

METHODS30 adult SD rats were involved and divided into three groups, normal control group, chronic tinnitus model group and ELZCW prevention group. Extracellular recording techniques and stereotaxic method were used. The spontaneous spikes were recorded and analyzed from ICx and all in different group rats. The average rate of spontaneous discharge and the interspike interval histogram of spontaneous activities were used as indexes.

RESULTS(1) Compared with normal control group, the average rate of spontaneous discharge recorded from the ICx in the chronic tinnitus model group increased significantly (4.57 +/- 0.54 Hz vs. 3.14 +/- 0.40 Hz, P < 0.05). Furthermore analysis showed that the discharge rate of short spike interval from the ICx in the chronic tinnitus model group increased than that of the normal group (0-40 ms: 58% vs. 40%; 0-4 ms: 9% vs. 5%). And there was an increasing tendency of the average rate of spontaneous discharge recorded from the AII in the chronic tinnitus model group compared with that in the normal group. (2) Compared with the chronic tinnitus model group, the average rate of spontaneous discharge recorded from the ICx and AII in the ELZCW prevention group significantly decreased than that in the chronic tinnitus model group (ICx: 2.41 +/- 0.21 Hz vs. 4.57 +/- 0.54 Hz, P < 0.01. AII: 2.24 +/- 0.24 Hz vs. 4.57 +/- 0.54 Hz , P < 0.01). And the discharge rate of short spike interval from the ICx and AII in the chronic tinnitus model group decreased than that in the normal control group (ICx: 0-40 ms 50% vs. 58%, 0-4 ms 4% vs. 9%. All: 0-22 ms: 24% vs. 31%, 0-8 ms 19% vs. 16%).

CONCLUSIONIf the increasing of the spontaneous activities of ICx and AII in chronic tinnitus rats means tinnitus, the use of ELZCW could decrease this kind of changes.

Animals ; Auditory Cortex ; physiopathology ; Auditory Pathways ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Salicylic Acid ; Tinnitus ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVEReview and discuss anesthesia and operative approach of resection of the trachea for different tracheal diseases, especially for the resection of long-segment of trachea. At the same time to introduce the method of reconstruction of long-segment of trachea with Zhao's (two-stage procedure with memory-alloy mesh) artificial trachea.

METHODSRetrospective study of 18 cases of tracheal resection, analysis of the relation between the choice of anesthetic and operative approach.

RESULTSGeneral anesthesia through cut open the trachea with local anesthesia in 2 cases, general anesthesia through previous tracheotomy in 2 cases, extracorporeal circulation in 2 cases, general anesthesia through endotracheal tube in 12 cases. There were no anesthetic or operative death. Local resection in 3 cases, segmental resection in 15 cases. The longest segmental resection was 8.0 cm. Primary anastomosis after segmental resection in 8 cases, Reconstruction with Zhao's artificial trachea in 7 cases. Postoperative follow-up was 5 months to 8 years. Four cases died from systemic metastasis or other reasons at 4, 11 and 12 months, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSDifferent methods of anesthetic and operative procedures should be used for different patients. Extracorporeal circulation used for patient with highest dangerous condition, or, for which could be inserted endotracheal tube by tracheotomy with local anesthesia. Conservative local resection performed only for patients with very bad general condition. Segmental resection less than 5 cm long could be reconstructed with primary reanastomosis. Resection longer than 5.5 cm could be reconstructed with Zhao's artificial trachea.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; methods ; Anesthesia, Local ; Artificial Organs ; Extracorporeal Circulation ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracotomy ; Tracheal Diseases ; surgery ; Tracheotomy ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the responses of peginterferon-alpha 2a antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

METHODSOne hundred two CHB patients with their serum ALT values higher than 2x the upper limit of the normal (ULN) were divided into a HBeAg-positive and a HBeAg-negative group. All patients were treated with peginterferon-alpha 2a by subcutaneous injection (180 microgram once weekly). After treatment for 6 months, patients without a defined therapeutic response were dropped from the treatment group; the others completed a 12 month therapy. The sustained response and the antiviral effect of the treatment were assessed at the end of the therapy. To investigate the possible impact factors of the response to peginterferon-alpha 2a, we studied the therapeutic response of patients with different serum ALT levels, inflammation grades of liver histology, stages of fibrosis, and HBV viral load levels.

RESULTS(1) There was no statistical difference of the rates of response at the end of treatment and 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months after the cessation of therapy between the HBeAg-positive and the HBeAg-negative groups. (2) In the HBeAg-positive group, the rates of response of patients with serum ALT values>3*ULN were significantly higher than those with serum ALT values less than 3*ULN (x2=4.40). However, no statistical difference of serum ALT levels was found in the HBeAg-negative group. (3) In both HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative groups, no difference was revealed in the rates of response among patients with different levels of HBV viral loads. (4) In the HBeAg-positive group, patients with more severe liver inflammation histologically (G3 and G4) had significantly higher response rates than those with milder inflammation (G1 and G2) (x2=4.19), but no similar statistical differences were found in the HBeAg-negative group. Moreover, there was no difference in the rates of response among patients in different stages of liver fibrosis in both HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative groups.

CONCLUSIONSSimilar rates of response and sustained virological response to the peginterferon-alpha 2a treatment can be achieved in both HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patients. Hepatic fibrosis is not a predictor of poor therapeutic response. For HBeAg-positive patients, more severe liver inflammation identified with liver biopsies (G3 or G4) and high serum ALT values (more than 3*ULN) can be considered as predictors of a good therapeutic response.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe and compare the effects of 17beta-estradiol (EST) on the phasic and tonic contractile activities of the uterine smooth muscles of SD rats in vitro.

METHODSDifferent concentrations of 17beta-estradiol were added into the perfusion muscular sockets containing uterine smooth muscles of SD rats, and the activities of muscle contraction were recorded at the same time.

RESULTS17beta-estradiol had obvious depression effects on spontaneous rhythmic contraction of the uterine smooth muscles in a concentration-dependent manner, it could considerably decrease muscular tension, the mean amplitudes and frequencies of contractile waves (P < 0.01); it could also suppress the uterine contraction stimulated by KCl, CaCl2 or prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). Based on the contraction of uterine smooth muscle stimulated by KCl, IC50 was 7.278 micromol/L and pD2 was -0.862 when calculated by linear regression method. 17beta-estradiol could also inhibit the maximal CaC12 contraction of uterine smooth muscle in the Ca2+ free Krebs solution, which the ECQ was 1.422 x 10(-3) mol/L, pD2 was 2.847 (control), but the E50 was 3.028 x 10(-3) mol/L, p2 was 2.519 (added with EST) when calculated by linear regression method.

CONCLUSIONThe depression effects of 17beta-estradiol on the spontaneous rhythmic contraction and activated contraction of the uterine smooth muscles of SD rats could be mediated through the blockage of C2+ influx through potential-dependent Ca2+ channels of plasma membrane.

Animals ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Female ; Muscle, Smooth ; drug effects ; Myometrium ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Uterine Contraction ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the change of the blood coagulation function of guinea pigs exposed to 16 Hz/120 dB, 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound and to explore the mechanism of circulation system damage.

METHODSSeventy-two guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups: the control group, the group exposed to 16 Hz/120 dB infrasound for 1.5 h a day and the group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 1.5 h a day. Each exposure group was divided into 4 sub-groups (8 guinea pigs a sub-group) which were exposed to infrasound for 1, 7, 14 and 21 d, respectively. The coagulation function and serum nitric oxide (NO) were measured for control group and all sub-groups after exposure to infrasound.

RESULTSThe prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR) and serum NO of group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound were (31.16 ± 3.05) s, 2.53 ± 1.21 and (88.304 ± 52.601) µmol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those [(21.36 ± 0.10) s, 1.65 ± 0.07 and (30.943 ± 26.864) µmol/L] of control group (P < 0.05). PT and INR of sub-groups exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 14 and 21 d were significantly higher than those of control group. NO of sub-groups exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 1 week and 2 weeks were significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05), but NO of sub-group exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound for 3 weeks decreased slightly.

CONCLUSIONThe blood coagulation function of guinea pigs exposed to 16 Hz/125 dB infrasound decreased, PT and INR may be used as the indexes to assess of blood coagulation function change induced by the infrasound exposure.

Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Blood Physiological Phenomena ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Prothrombin Time

Objective To study the analgesic and anti -inflammatory ac-tivities of iridoid glycoside from Lamiophlomis rotata in mice . Methods After one dose of iridoid glycosides ( 200 mg? kg -1 ) , 8 -O-acetylshanzhiside methylester , 8 -deoxyshanzhiside , sesamoside , 7 ,8-dehydropenstemoside , and shanzhiside methylester , were adminis-tered by tail vein injection .Morphine ( 5 mg? kg -1 ) and aspirin ( 100 mg? kg-1 ) were used as positive controls , and 0.9% NaCl as negative control.The hot plate test , acetic-acid induced writhing test , formalin test , carrageenan -induced paw edema test and xylene -induced ear swelling test , peritoneal capillary permeability test on mice were used to test the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.Results Compared with blank group , these five iridoid glycosides could remarkably induce the number of writhing reaction with the inhibition ratio were 43.96%, 47.81%, 25.96%, 37.70%, and 26.23% ( P <0.01 , P <0.01 , P<0.05 , P<0.01 , and P<0.05 );could inhibit the xylene -induced ear swelling were 0.79%( P<0.05 ) , 43.07% ( P<0.01 ) , 7.90%, 14.25%, and 5.59%; exhibited significant analgesic activities on the second period of formalin test by 8 -O -acetylshanzhiside methylester and 8-deoxyshanzhiside ( P<0.01 ) .All compounds exhibited effects on paw edema induced by carrageenan in 1 hour, but only 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methylester and 8-deoxy-shanzhiside were effective in 3 hours with inhibition ratio were 32.84%and 40.36%, respectively.They also reduced permeability of ab-dominal capillaries and inflammatory peritoneal exudation induced by acetic acid , especial for 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methylester, 8-deoxyshanzhiside and sesamoside.On the other hand, these iridoid glycosides couldn′t prolong the leg-licking time in hot plate test and the first period of formalin test .Conclusion The five iridoid glycosides , espicially 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methylester and 8-deoxyshanzhiside exhibited significant analgesic and anti -inflammatory activities.

Background The mortality of stroke patients is strongly affected by medical complications.However,there are limited data investigating the effect of in-hospital medical complications on the dependency of stroke patients worldwide.We prospectively and systematically investigated the effect of medical complications on dependency of patients at 3,6 and 12 months after stroke using the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR).Methods This prospective cohort study collected data of patients age ＞18 years with acute ischemic stroke in 132 clinical centers distributed across 32 provinces and four municipalities (including Hong Kong region) of China,from September 2007 to August 2008.Data on medical complications,dependency and other information were obtained from paper-based registry forms.Medical complications associated with stroke outcomes were assessed using multivariable Logistic regression.Results Of 11 560 patients with acute ischemic stroke,1826 (15.80％) presented with in-hospital medical complications.In-hospital medical complications were independent risk factors for dependency of patients at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.367,95％ confidence interval (CI) 2.021-2.771),6 months (adjusted OR 2.257,95％ CI 1.922-2.650),and 12 months (adjusted OR 1.820,95％ CI 1.538-2.154) after acute ischemic stroke.Conclusion The results demonstrated that the short-term and long-term dependency of acute ischemic stroke patients is significantly associated with in-hospital medical complications in China.