Before irreversible neuronal damage occurs, quickly and securely recanalize vessels and restore blood flow to save the ischemic penumbra tissue are the main therapeutic target for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Currently, the method for recanalization in early AIS is intravenous thrombolysis, how ever, the effect of intravenous thrombolysis is often not satisfactory because of the reasons, such as its short treatment time w indow , low vascular recanalization rate, and high incidence of bleeding complications. In recent years, w ith the research and development of mechanical thrombectomy device and the development of interventional technology, the therapeutic time w indow of AIS has been significantly prolonged, the vascular recanalization rate has increased significantly, the clinical outcome has improved significantly, and the treatment of mechanical thrombectomy has show n good application prospects.

? Choroidal neovascularization is the primary pathogenesis of neovascularage - related macular degeneration ( nAMD ) , and the role of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in neovascularization has been widely recognized. Currently, drugs target different targets of VEGF have been widely used in the treatment of nAMD. As a subtype of VEGF, placental growth factor ( PlGF) has synergistic effects with VEGF-A on promoting angiogenesis, stimulating the migration of endothelial cell proliferation and mediating immune inflammatory response. There is no expression of PlGF in mature blood vessels so PlGF hashigh specificity. ln this paper, the role of PlGF in the pathogenesis and treatment of nAMD is reviewed.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between liver stiffness and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in chronic heptatitis B patients with negative α-fetoprotein (AFP) tests. MethodsFrom September 2012 to August 2014, this study enrolled a total of 82 HBV-relative native HCC patients as the case group. During the same period, a total of 253 chronic hepatitis B patients were also include in this study as the control group. These 253 patients were followed up for six months. All of the two groups were AFP-negative. Liver stiffness was measured in all patients by transient elastography device Fibroscan?. Logistic regression was applied to assess the risk of HCC incidence, and stratum-specific likelihood ratios (SSLR) was calculated.ResultsThe age, liver stiffness measurements and plasma albumin of patients in case group were 53 years old (44-61), 12.00 kPa (7.50-20.75), 43.14 g/L (39.50-46.75) respectively. The age, liver stiffness measurements and plasma albumin of patients in control group were 45 years old (38-56), 8.40 kPa (5.40-13.50), 46.40 g/L (43.75-48.50) respectively. The variables were compared between two groups with unpaired studentt test, and the results were statistically significant (t=4.33, 3.56,
-4.48,P=0.00, 0.00, 0.00). The patients in case group were older, and had higher liver stiffness measurements and lower plasma albumin than that of the patients in control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that HCC incidence was associated with age,male-gender and liver stiffness, and the odds ratios (OR) was 1.053, 2.432, 6.803 respectively. When liver stiffness was<10 kPa, 10.1-15 kPa, 15.1-25 kPa,>25 kPa, SSLR for HCC presence was 0.67, 1.02,1.44, 3.98 respectively.ConclusionsLiver stiffness measured by transient elastography is useful in predicting the risk of HCC incidence in AFP-negative chronic heptatitis B patients. Clinicians needed to carry out close follow-up and appropriate intervention for these patients.

Firstly discovered in 1980s,human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to affect more and more people.However,there is no effective drug available for the therapy of HIV infection.Betulinic acid existing in various medicinal herbs and fruits exhibits multiple biological effects,especially its outstanding anti-HIV activity,which has drawn the attentions of many pharmacists.Among the derivatives of betulinic acid,some compounds exhibited inhibitory activities at the nanomolar concentration,and have entered phase Ⅱ clinical trials.This paper summarizes the current investigations on the anti-HIV activity of betulinic acid analogues,and provides valuable data for subsequent researches.

Objective:To evaluate the value of ultrasound Doppler renal blood flow measurement in diagnosing early renal damage of hypertension. Methods:Eighty patients with hypertension and 20 normotensive subjects were included in this study. They were classified into four groups according to blood or urine β2-MG contents and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER). All patients were measured by ultrasound Doppler renal blood flow. Correlation analysis was performed between β2-MG or UAER and the parameters of renal blood flow measurement. Results:(1)Peak velocity in systole(Vs)、end diastolic velocity(Vd) decreased and pulsed index(PI)、resistance index(RI) of segmental and interlobar artery increased in all hypertensives with early renal damage. PI of interlobar artery more than 1.00 and/or RI more than 0.60 is associated with early renal damage in hypertensives;(2)Hypertensives with diabetes and early renal damage have higher Vs and lower Vd and significant increased RI、PI. Compared with hypertensives with early renal damage，hypertensives with diabetes had more serious renal damage at the equivalent DBP level. Conclusion:Ultrasound Doppler renal blood flow measurement may be clinically useful in the noninvasive evaluation of early renal damage of hypertension.

Objective To explore the relationship of nitricoxide synthase(NOS)and cell apoptosis in epilepsy.Methods Pentylenetetrazol(PTZ)was used to build models of epilepsy.Cell apoptosis in each group were detected by flow cytometer,level of NOS was detected by colorimetric method.Results Levels of NOS increased obviously 1 hour after epilepsy and decreased;but at the 6th hour,NOS increased again and peaked at the 24th hour.Cell apotosis begin to increase at 6th hour and peaked at 24th hour after epilepsy,and decreased at 48th hour after epilepsy,there were significance differences compared with control group(Pa

Objective: To compare the efficacy of different treatment protocols in treating transient synovitis of the hip (TSH) in children and to optimize the clinical treatment strategy for this condition. Methods: Ninety kids with TSH were divided into a control group, a chiropractic group and a chiropractic plus foot bath group using the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional traction; the chiropractic group was given chiropractic treatment based on the control group; the chiropractic plus foot bath group was given Chinese medicine foot bath based on the chiropractic group. Traction and foot bath were conducted once daily while chiropractic was done once every other day, all with 14 d as a treatment course for a total of two courses. Changes in the visual analog scale (VAS) score and range of motion (ROM) of the hip joint in the three groups were observed, and the efficacy was compared. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3％ in the chiropractic plus foot bath group, versus 76.7％ in the chiropractic group and 66.7％ in the control group, and the total effective rate was notably higher in the chiropractic plus foot bath group than in the other two groups (both P<0.05). Respectively after the first and second treatment course, the VAS score decreased significantly in each of the three groups compared with that before treatment (all P<0.01), and the ROM of the hip joint in flexion increased significantly (all P<0.01). After two treatment courses, the VAS score was lower in the chiropractic plus foot bath group than in the other two groups (both P<0.05), and its ROM of the hip joint in flexion was larger than that in the other two groups (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on traction, chiropractic plus Chinese medicine foot bath can effectively reduce pain and improve motor function of the hip joint in treating TSH.

The Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in the regulation of cell-fate decisions such as differentiation of embryo stem cells and neural stem cells into neurons. We cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro and induced hMSCs to differentiate into neural cells by beta-mercaptoethanol (beta-ME), DMSO and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA). Immunocytochemistry was utilized to detect neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and Nissl body, and flow cytometry was used to determine cell growth phases. The expressions of signal molecules involved in the Notch pathway such as Notch1, Jagged 1 (JAG1), presenilin 1 (PS1) and hairy and enhancer of split 1(HES1) were observed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescent techniques. The results were as follows: (1) Before induction, the percentage of hMSCs at G(0)/G(1) was 58.5%, and the percentage at S+G(2)/M was 41.5%. After induction, the percentage of hMSCs at G(0)/G(1) increased to 73.1%, 76.2% and 78.1%, respectively on days 2, 4 and 6, and the percentage at S+G(2)/M decreased to 26.8%, 24.8% and 21.9%, respectively; The percentage of NSE-positive cells reached (77+/-0.35) %; Nisslos staining was positive in cytoplasm. (2) Notch1 and JAG1 were both expressed in hMSCs before and after induction, but the mRNA expressions of both Notch1 and JAG1, detected by RT-PCR, decreased obviously after induction(P<0.05). Notch1 mRNA/beta-actin was 1.157, 0.815, 0.756 and 0.570, and JAG1 mRNA/beta-actin was 0.437, 0.350, 0.314 and 0.362, respectively, on days 0, 2, 4 and 6 after induction. The Notch pathway activation participant PS1 mRNA and Notch pathway target gene HES1 mRNA also decreased apparently after induction (P<0.05), and their mRNA/beta-actin was 0.990, 0.449, 0.441, 0.454 and 0.370, 0.256, 0.266, 0.240 on days 0, 2, 4 and 6, respectively. These observations indicate that the expressions of Notch signal molecules were suppressed when hMSCs were induced to differentiate into neural cells. Based on these findings, we propose that low level of Notch signaling activation may contribute to neural cell differentiation.
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Flow Cytometry ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; Jagged-1 Protein ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Neurons ; cytology ; Receptor, Notch1 ; genetics ; Receptors, Notch ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serrate-Jagged Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor HES-1

OBJECTIVETo investigate the down-regulated TRAF6 gene expression and its effects on proliferation and apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells.

METHODSDetection of TRAF6 expression were conducted by RT-PCR and Western blot in MM cell lines of KM3, U266, RPMI8226 and primary cells from patients. RPMI8226 cell lines were transfected with siRNA of TRAF6. The efficiency of transfection was identified by using of fluorescence microscope, RT-PCR, and Western blot. The levels of proliferation were analyzed by CCK-8 method under the different concentrations of siRNA. Apoptosis rate were detected with Hoechst33258/PI double staining by flow cytometry. Apoptosis related proteins Bcl-2, BAX, and NF-κB signal pathway were observed before and after siRNA transfection by Western blot.

RESULTSThe levels of TRAF6 mRNA and protein in MM cell lines, especially in primary myeloma cells, were significantly higher than those in controls. After transfected with 50 nmol/L siRNA in RPMI8226 cells, the relative level of TRAF6 mRNA (0.49±0.24) was significantly lower than that in non-transfected group (1.87±0.23) and idling group (1.74±0.35). The proliferation rate of siRNA transfected cells decreased with dose dependence (P<0.01). The apoptosis rates increased from 11.20% (before transfection) to 51.82% (after transfection), accompanied by down-regulated Bcl-2 protein, NF-κB signal pathway (p-p65 and p52), and up-regulated BAX protein.

CONCLUSIONTRAF6 expression was high in myeloma cells. TRAF6 siRNA could inhibit proliferation of myeloma cells and induce apoptosis mediated by NF-κB classical and alternative pathway in myeloma cells.

Case-Control Studies ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Male ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective of this study was to investigate the ID4 gene methylation status in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) was used to detect the promoter methylation status of ID4 gene in bone marrow samples from 46 AML patients with different subtypes and stage of disease and from 10 patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) as a control. The results showed that ID4 gene in bone marrow of IDA patients was completely non-methylated, while ID4 gene methylation was found in 39 out of 46 AML patients (positive rate 84.8%). The positive rates of ID4 gene methylation in different FAB types M₁, M₂, M₃, M₄, M₅, M₆ were 100% (4/4), 75% (9/12), 100% (8/8), 77.8% (7/9), 81.8% (9/11), 100% (2/2) respectively. The positive rates of ID4 gene methylation in newly diagnosed and complete remitted of AML patients were 90% (27/30) and 63.3% (7/11) respectively; ID4 methylation was detected in 5 relapsed and refractory AML patients. There were statistically significant differences in ID4 gene methylation between AML and IDA patients (p < 0.01). It is concluded that compared with IDA patients, ID4 gene methylation changes of different degrees occur in AML patients with different subtypes and stages, which suggests that ID4 gene methylation may be an early molecular event in the process of AML.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins ; genetics ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Young Adult