? Choroidal neovascularization is the primary pathogenesis of neovascularage - related macular degeneration ( nAMD ) , and the role of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) in neovascularization has been widely recognized. Currently, drugs target different targets of VEGF have been widely used in the treatment of nAMD. As a subtype of VEGF, placental growth factor ( PlGF) has synergistic effects with VEGF-A on promoting angiogenesis, stimulating the migration of endothelial cell proliferation and mediating immune inflammatory response. There is no expression of PlGF in mature blood vessels so PlGF hashigh specificity. ln this paper, the role of PlGF in the pathogenesis and treatment of nAMD is reviewed.

Objective To investigate the value of high frequency ultrasound and CT in the diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma. Methods Sixty-nine cases of laryngeal carcinoma were typed and staged by high frequency ultrasound and CT, and compared with the results of laryngoscopy and postsurgical pathology. Results The typing accuracy was ~94.2 % for ultrasonography and ~91.3 % for CT, higher than that of laryngoscopy(~73.9 %).T staging accuracy of ultrasonography was T_1 ~85.9 %,T_2 ~88.5 %,T_3 ~94.1 % and T_4 ~88.9 %, higher than that of CT (~68.8 %) and laryngoscopy (~75.0 %) in T_3 stage and superior to laryngoscopy (~66.7 %) in T_4 stage. Lymph node metastases were found in 37 cases (~53.6 %) by ultrasonography, higher than those by CT scanning (~27.5 %). Color Doppler blood flow laryngeal carcinoma was shown in 65 cases(~94.2 %),most were low resistance spectrum pattern. Conclusions High frequency ultrasonography is superior to CT and laryngoscopy in the staging of laryngeal carcinoma and is of great value in choosing the therapeutical protocol.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between liver stiffness and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in chronic heptatitis B patients with negative α-fetoprotein (AFP) tests. MethodsFrom September 2012 to August 2014, this study enrolled a total of 82 HBV-relative native HCC patients as the case group. During the same period, a total of 253 chronic hepatitis B patients were also include in this study as the control group. These 253 patients were followed up for six months. All of the two groups were AFP-negative. Liver stiffness was measured in all patients by transient elastography device Fibroscan?. Logistic regression was applied to assess the risk of HCC incidence, and stratum-specific likelihood ratios (SSLR) was calculated.ResultsThe age, liver stiffness measurements and plasma albumin of patients in case group were 53 years old (44-61), 12.00 kPa (7.50-20.75), 43.14 g/L (39.50-46.75) respectively. The age, liver stiffness measurements and plasma albumin of patients in control group were 45 years old (38-56), 8.40 kPa (5.40-13.50), 46.40 g/L (43.75-48.50) respectively. The variables were compared between two groups with unpaired studentt test, and the results were statistically significant (t=4.33, 3.56,
-4.48,P=0.00, 0.00, 0.00). The patients in case group were older, and had higher liver stiffness measurements and lower plasma albumin than that of the patients in control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that HCC incidence was associated with age,male-gender and liver stiffness, and the odds ratios (OR) was 1.053, 2.432, 6.803 respectively. When liver stiffness was<10 kPa, 10.1-15 kPa, 15.1-25 kPa,>25 kPa, SSLR for HCC presence was 0.67, 1.02,1.44, 3.98 respectively.ConclusionsLiver stiffness measured by transient elastography is useful in predicting the risk of HCC incidence in AFP-negative chronic heptatitis B patients. Clinicians needed to carry out close follow-up and appropriate intervention for these patients.

Objective To explore the predicative value of transvaginal ultrasonography and 48 hours blood HCG ratio for ectopic pregnancy(EP).Methods A total of 90 patients in our hospital from June 2014 to May 2016 were selected as the object according to the pregnancy result and postoperative pathology (40 cases in EP group and 50 cases in control group).The endometrial thickness was measured through transvaginal ultrasonography while blood HCG was detected by chemiluminescence technique and 48 hours blood HCG ratio was calculated.To evaluate the individual and combined predicative value of endometrial thickness and 48 hours blood HCG ratio for EP,receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC) were generated and logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results The endometriam thickness and 48 h blood HCG ratio of EP group were (11.75 ± 3.42) mm and (1.06 ± 0.38) ％,respectively,which were lower than (15.52 ± 3.98) mm and (1.46 ± 0.20)％ of control group,the differences were statistically significant (P =0.000).The AUCs and their corresponding 95％ confidential intervals(CI) were 0.77[95％ CI(0.67,0.87)] and 0.82[95％ CI(0.73,0.91)],respectively.Combined ROC analysis based on the 2 indexes revealed an elevated AUC of 0.89 [95％ CI(0.83,0.95)],the differences were statistically significant(P =0.04).Conclusion The endometrial thickness and 48 hours blood HCG ratio can be acted as useful predicative biomarkers for detection of EP.A combination of the two indexes could be a useful predicative biomarker for future clinical trials with EP and may act as a suitable add-on biomarker to the panel of methods already existing for EP.

Objective To observe the perfusion pattern of hepatic angiomyolipomas using contrastenhanced ultrasound(CEUS) and compare diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound with contrastenhanced helical CT(CECT).Methods Nineteen patients with 21 resected and pathologically proven hepatic angiomyolipomas were included in this study.Low mechanical index (mechanical index less than 0.2) realtime CEUS was performed in nineteen patients (5 patients with pulse inversion harmonic, 14 patients with contrast pulse sequencing, CPS) after 2.4ml bolus injection of contrast agent SonoVue.CECT was performed using 16-slice helical CT and contrast agent Ultravist.The diagnostic performance was calculated by considering histologic results as the reference standards.Results Fifteen tumors were correctly diagnosed as hepatic angiomyolipomas,4 tumors were misdiagnosed (including 1 hepatocellular carcinoma,2hepatic adenomas, 1 hemangioma) and 2 tumors were characterized as benign lesions by CEUS.Eight tumors were correctly diagnosed as hepatic angiomyolipomas, 13 tumors were misdiagnosed (including 7hepatocellular carcinoma, 1 liposarcoma, 2 lipomas, 1 hepatic adenomas, 2 hemangiomas) by CECT.The preoperative diagnostic accuracy was 71.4% for CEUS and 38.1 % for CECT(P＜0.05 ).Conclusions CEUS can demonstrate typical imaging characteristics of most hepatic angiomyolipomas, and has higher diagnostic performance than CECT in characterization of hepatic angiomyotipomas.

Objective To observe the effect of low arsenic sub-chronic exposure on blood routine test index in rabbits to pave a way for screening early injury of the low arsenic exposure. Methods Twelve healthy male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. They were administrated with As at the concentration of 0(control), 10, 50 and 250 μg/L in the drinking water. Blood samples were collected from the vein of the ear edge in 8 weeks, and blood test routine including leukocyte (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), neutrophil (GRA), neutrophil percentage (GRA%), monocyte (MON), monocyte percentage (MON%), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), RDW, platelets(PLT), mean platelet volume(MPV), platelet hematocrit(PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW), were detected by the ABX-60 hemocyte analyzer. Results Compared with the control group, the WBC, GRA and GRA% increased in 0, 50 and 250 μg/L groups, but there was no significance(P > 0.05). PLT and MPV had a statistical significance in 4 groups(F = 4.07,4.20, all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group[(292.00±16.97)×109/L, (7.10±0.99)fL], PLT decreased in the 250 μg/L group [(221.33±22.50)×109/L] and MPV decreased in the 50μg/L group [(5.57±0.46)fL] significantly (P < 0.05). The other index didn't change obviously. Conclusions Sub-chronic low level arsenic exposure may lead to the change in the blood system. The blood routine test may be considered for early injury of the arsenic poisoning.

Objective To prepare human prostatic carcinoma-targeted ultrasound contrast agent and assess its targeted ability in vitro. Methods Human prostatic carcinoma-specific polyclonal antibody PSM(C-15) was attached to the surface of self-made liposome microbubbles by electrostatic attraction to prepare targeted microbubbles. Immunofluorescent staining assay was used to identify the combination of PSM(C-15) with liposome microbubbles and the targeted microbubbles were added to prostatic-carcinoma cells and then observed under the light and fluorescence microscope to evaluate the targeting ability of the targeted liposome microbubbles with prostatic carcinoma cells in vitro, while the common liposome microbubbles were controls. Results Targeted microbubbles were positive in immunofluorescent straining assay. In vitro study of the targeting ability showed the targeted microbubbles could actively adhere to LNCaP cell. While the control was negative. Conclusion The targeted liposome contrast agent with highly specific biological activity was prepared successfully. The contrast agent could bind to human prostatic carcinoma cells specially and effectively in vitro.

Now organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) bioremediation mainly means microbial bioremediation. However, phytoremediation has an advantage over microbial bioremediation because phytoremediation is safer and costs less than microbial bioremediation. Nevertheless, phytoremediation has limitations yet such as plants need better growth conditions and the efficiency of phytoremediation is lower. All these have confined the application of phytoremediation. Progresses of microbial bioremediation and phytoremediation of OPs were reviewed and OPs degrading enzymes and their organism sources, which are known by now, were summarized. Moreover, there are five important ways to enhance the efficiency of phytoremediation of OPs. They are culling plants, studying the action between soil and OPs, studying the genes that can resist or get rid of OPs, setting up the combined system of microbial bioremediation and phytoremediation and using degrading enzymes secreted selectively by roots.

Objective:To study the prosthodontic design for the treatment of maxillary first molar mesio-lingual cusp defect with subfis-sue.Methods:A finite element model of maxillary first model,including mesio-lingual cusp defect with subfissue,periodontal support-ing tissue and a section of the maxilla was established by cone beam CT.Different prosthodontic designs for respective restoration and simulating different bite force were adopted,the Von Mises stress,maximum compressive stress and the crack distribution,J integral and the root displacement were analysed.Results:In the metal pile restoration model,the stress,JINT value and the equivalent stress and displacement of root were the smallest.With the increase of crack depth of the vertical and oblique fissue,the equivalent levels of stress (equivalent stress of J integral),the stress experienced by the dentin along with the peak of the maximum principal,increased signifi-cantly.Under 4 kinds of force direction and 3 repair methods,the equivalent stress peak value,J integral dentin stress,maximum prin-cipal stress peak value and dentin stress peak value of the cracks was 200 N,90°>200 N,45°>600 N,0°>200 N.Conclusion:High elastic modulus and all ceramic crown may lead to minimal equivalent stress,J integral,dentin equivalent stress and maximum principal stress.When subfissure is repaired,teeth fracture remains possible and any possible propagation may exist.The effect of later-al force on the crack and the dentin is greater than that of vertical force for crack expansion and tooth fracture.

ObjectiveTo investigate characteristics in vitro and contrast-enhanced effect in vivo with self-made nano-scale ultrasoud-enhanced contrast agent.MethodsNano-lipid microbubbles were prepared by machine vibration and low-speed centrifugation.The surface potential and the microbubbles size were assessed by Zetasizer nano ZS90.The bubbles dispersity and micromorphous were observed under light microscopy and electron microscope.The characteristics of microbubbles were studied at various times at 4℃ environment.The enhancement duration time and intensity of nano-lipid microbubbles in nude mice livers,kidneys and subcutaneous implanted tumors were observed,and compared with micro-scale microbubbles.ResnltsThe mean diameter of nano-lipid microbubbles was (580.6 ± 36.3) nm.The contrast imaging study in vivo showed the nano-lipid microbubbles could significantly enhance ultrasonic imaging in nude mice livers,kidneys and subcutaneous implanted tumors.ConclusionsSelf-made nano-scale ultrasoudenhanced contrast agent showed good stability and contrast-enhancement effect in vitro,and provide a experimental basis for ultrasound imaging and therapeutics of malignant tumors.