Now organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) bioremediation mainly means microbial bioremediation. However, phytoremediation has an advantage over microbial bioremediation because phytoremediation is safer and costs less than microbial bioremediation. Nevertheless, phytoremediation has limitations yet such as plants need better growth conditions and the efficiency of phytoremediation is lower. All these have confined the application of phytoremediation. Progresses of microbial bioremediation and phytoremediation of OPs were reviewed and OPs degrading enzymes and their organism sources, which are known by now, were summarized. Moreover, there are five important ways to enhance the efficiency of phytoremediation of OPs. They are culling plants, studying the action between soil and OPs, studying the genes that can resist or get rid of OPs, setting up the combined system of microbial bioremediation and phytoremediation and using degrading enzymes secreted selectively by roots.

Objective To observe the effect of low arsenic sub-chronic exposure on blood routine test index in rabbits to pave a way for screening early injury of the low arsenic exposure. Methods Twelve healthy male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. They were administrated with As at the concentration of 0(control), 10, 50 and 250 μg/L in the drinking water. Blood samples were collected from the vein of the ear edge in 8 weeks, and blood test routine including leukocyte (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), neutrophil (GRA), neutrophil percentage (GRA%), monocyte (MON), monocyte percentage (MON%), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), RDW, platelets(PLT), mean platelet volume(MPV), platelet hematocrit(PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW), were detected by the ABX-60 hemocyte analyzer. Results Compared with the control group, the WBC, GRA and GRA% increased in 0, 50 and 250 μg/L groups, but there was no significance(P > 0.05). PLT and MPV had a statistical significance in 4 groups(F = 4.07,4.20, all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group[(292.00±16.97)×109/L, (7.10±0.99)fL], PLT decreased in the 250 μg/L group [(221.33±22.50)×109/L] and MPV decreased in the 50μg/L group [(5.57±0.46)fL] significantly (P < 0.05). The other index didn't change obviously. Conclusions Sub-chronic low level arsenic exposure may lead to the change in the blood system. The blood routine test may be considered for early injury of the arsenic poisoning.

BACKGROUNDAngiogenesis is a prerequisite for tumor growth and plays an important role in rapidly growing tumors, such as malignant gliomas. A variety of factors controlling the angiogenic balance have been described, and among these, the endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, tumstatin, has drawn considerable attention. The current study investigated whether expression of tumstatin by glioma cells could alter this balance and prevent tumor formation.

METHODSWe engineered stable transfectants from human glioma cell line U251 to constitutively secrete a human tumstatin protein with c-myc and polyhistidine tags. Production and secretion of the tumstatin-c-myc-His fusion protein by tumstatin-transfected cells were confirmed by Western blotting analysis. In the present study, we identify the anti-angiogenic capacity of tumstatin using several in vitro and in vivo assays. Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used to determine the statistical significance in this study.

RESULTSThe tumstatin transfectants and control transfectants (stably transfected with a control plasmid) had similar in vitro growth rates compared to their parental cell lines. However, the conditioned medium from the tumstatin transfected tumor cells significantly inhibits proliferation and causes apoptosis of endothelial cells. It also inhibits tube formation of endothelial cells on Matrigel. Examination of armpit tumors arising from cells overexpressing tumstatin repress the growth of tumor, accompanying the decreased density of CD31 positive vessels in tumors ((5.62 ± 1.32)/HP), compared to the control-transfectants group ((23.84 + 1.71)/HP) and wild type U251 glioma cells group ((29.33 + 4.45)/HP).

CONCLUSIONAnti-angiogenic gene therapy using human tumstatin gene may be an effective strategy for the treatment of glioma.

Animals ; Autoantigens ; genetics ; Brain Neoplasms ; blood supply ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen Type IV ; genetics ; Genetic Therapy ; Glioma ; blood supply ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; prevention & control ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; analysis ; Transfection

OBJECTIVEMultilocular brain abscess in children is a serious neurosurgical emergency and remains a serious, life-threatening disease. This study evaluated the role of neuroendoscopy in treating multilocular brain abscess in children.

METHODSBetween January 2002 and June 2007, 16 children with multilocular brain abscess underwent an operation using a pure endoscopic procedure.

RESULTSIncreased intracranial pressure was relieved after operation in the 16 patients. CT/MRI after operation showed the abscess cavities disappeared and only the residual abscess walls existed in the 16 patients. Fourteen patients were followed up for 6 months to 5 years after surgery. Abscess walls disappeared in 13 patients and abscess recurred only in 1 patient.

CONCLUSIONSNeuroendoscopy for treatment of multilocular brain abscess is safe and effective in children.

Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Brain Abscess ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neuroendoscopy ; methods

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Joint ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEKawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis syndrome primarily affecting small and medium-sized arteries, with development of severe coronary artery lesion (CAL). CAL may induce myocardial infarction and sudden death. So it is very important to find CAL early. In this study the value of multislice spirral computed tomography (MSCT) was investigated to find CAL in patients with Kawasaki disease.

METHODSThirty-four patients with Kawasaki disease were examined respectively by using MSCT and two dimensional echocardiography (TDE), then the findings were analyzed.

RESULTSMSCT showed CAL in 12 of 34 patients involving 16 coronary arteries, including 9 (26%) dilated left coronary arteries (LCA), 1 constricted, 1 calcified and 1 LCA which had both stenosis and 4 (12%) dilated right coronary artery. TDE showed that 10 patients had 13 dilated coronary arteries, including 7 (21%) left coronary arteries and 6 (18%) right coronary arteries. TDE failed to show the abnormalities in 3 patients with coronary artery stenosis or calcification and in 2 patients with left descending artery dilation demonstrated by MSCT. However, no significant difference was found between the two methods (P > 0.05) in the rates of positive findings. The correlation between TDE and MSCT, in left as well as right coronary artery, was significantly positive (r = 0.90, r = 0.82, respectively, P < 0.01). However, compared with TDE, MSCT was significantly better in finding coronary artery stenosis and calcification (chi(2) = 24.3, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSUse of MSCT may help better find the lesions of coronary artery, especially those in middle and distant sections as compared to TDE. MSCT is better than TDE in exploring coronary wall calcification and coronary artery stenosis. MSCT could be a helpful new addition to the current CAL monitoring method in long-term follow-up of patients with Kawasaki disease.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

The burned bone DNA test have became more and more important in identifying the individuals and paternity involved in the fire, explosion disasters as well as burn corpse crimes. As an important genetic marker system, STR has been widely used in forensic individual identification, paternity test and other fields. In this article, the influence of burned temperature and time to STR typing was reviewed, the choice of STR locus and DNA extraction methods were discussed about burned bones.
Bone and Bones/pathology* ; Burns/pathology* ; DNA/analysis* ; Disasters ; Fires ; Forensic Genetics ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics* ; Paternity

OBJECTIVETo study the features of hypertension and vessel endothelium functional parameter in people living at the community level as well as the risk factors of hypertension. Differences of angiotensin II (Ang II ), prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO) among normal group and three hypertension groups were also studied.

METHODSBy cluster sampling, 1134 adult Han people were selected from the residential communities. Medical history was documented and measurements of body height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were performed. Serum NO levels were determined by cadmium reduction method while plasma Ang II and PGI2 concentration were determined by radioimmunoassay. SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis.

RESULTSThe total ratio of hypertension from people living at the community was 44.5%, with the standardized prevalence of hypertension as 15.3%. With the increase of age, the prevalence of hypertension also increased. Overweight and obesity seemed to be independent risk factors for hypertension. History of smoking and drinking and gender did not enter the logistic equation for hypertension. The amount of plasma Ang II concentration of the three hypertension groups was significantly lower than that in the normal group while the lowest group appeared to from the one that hypertension was under control. The NO and PGI2 levels of the two groups whose hypertension had been known were significantly higher than in the normal group while the difference between the group whose hypertension had not been measured and the normal group was not found.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of hypertension had been increasing. Control of body weight seemed to be a useful way for prevention of hypertension. We assumed that the negative feedback regulation of renin-angiotonin-aldosterone system in hypertension patient still existed which called for the research on the mechanism of hypertension.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Angiotensin II ; analysis ; Cluster Analysis ; Endothelium, Vascular ; physiology ; Epoprostenol ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; analysis ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVESTo discuss the correlation of C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in the EPS of chronic prostatitis (CP) patients with CP types, WBC count in EPS, lecithin corpuscles (LLZXT) and chronic prostatitis symptom index (CPSI).

METHODSAccording to the NIH classification standard, 196 cases of CP were diagnosed by the pro and post massage test (PPMT) and EPS routine, of which 68 were chronic bacterial prostatitis (Type II ), 76 inflammatory chronic non-bacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (Type III A) and 52 non-inflammatory chronic non-bacterial prostatitis/chronic pain syndrome (Type III B). Another 50 healthy volunteers were enrolled as normal controls. The CRP concentration in the EPS of all the patients was determined by immunoturbidimetry and 196 groups of data were obtained.

RESULTSThe average concentration of CRP was significantly higher in the CP group ( [2.945 +/- 1.996] mg/L) than in the control ( [1.101 +/- 0.440] mg/L) (P < 0. 01) , and it decreased progressively from the Type II to Type III A and Type III B group, with statistical difference between Type III B and Type II or Type III A (P < 0. 01 ), but not between Type II and Type III A (P = 0.058). The CRP concentration was correlated negatively with LLZXT (r = -0.33, P < 0.01) and positively with WBC count (r = 0.63, P < 0.01) and the score on the first 6 items of CPSI (r = 0. 28, P < 0. 01).

CONCLUSIONThe CRP concentration in EPS, with its significant role in the pathogenesis of CP, may serve as a basis for the diagnosis and classification of CP as well as an objective index for assessing the therapeutic effect on the disease.

Adult ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Body Fluids ; chemistry ; metabolism ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ; methods ; Prostate ; secretion ; Prostatitis ; classification ; diagnosis ; metabolism

AIMTo investigate the dynamic changes of Egr-1 expression in the lungs of acute pulmonary embolism of rats by infusion of autoblood thrombs.

METHODSThe model of pulmonary embolism by infusion of autoblood thrombs in the pulmonary artery of rats was established and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure was continuously monitored by computer, and the results were evaluated by lung perfusion scan and pathological changes. Expression of Egr-1 proteinum and mRNA were measured by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTSThe mPAP of rats was increased significantly after infusion of autoblood thrombs at the half hour, and reached high level at the second hour, then remained the high level to four hours compared with group control at the same time point (P < 0.01). ECT image was showed significantly filling defect after infusion of autoblood thrombs at the first hour. The infused thromb was witnessed by hematoxylin and eosin stain. In the tracheal epithelium cells, alveolar epithelium cells and vascular smooth muscle cells of embolism rats, Egr-1 protein expression was increased significantly after embolization at the second hour compared with group control at the same time point (P<0.01), and was decreased slowly at the fourth hour. Egr-1 mRNA expression was showed the similar changes.

CONCLUSIONExpression of Egr-1 was low level in group control, but increased significantly after infusion of autoblood thromb at the second hour in the specificity of cells, suggesting that Egr-1 expression might be an important link of pathological changes in the acute pulmonary embolism.

Animals ; Early Growth Response Protein 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Pulmonary Embolism ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley