Objective To evaluate the efficacy of mitomycin (MMC) intravesical chemotherapy for superficial bladder carcinoma by in vitro chemosensitivity using histoculture drug response assay (HDRA).Methods Forty-one cases of superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) were obtained,including 30 males and 11 females with mean age of 55 years.Of them,10 cases were Ta and 31 were T1 according to TNM stage system (UICC 2002) while 9 cases were G1,22 were G2 and 10 were G3 (WHO1973).All cases had no chemotherapy history before operation and were operated to retain bladder.Tumor specimens were cultured by three-dimensional histoculture.HDRA with im-proved MTT assay was utilized for chemosenstivity test of MMC with 1 g/L concentration and 2 hours exposure.Growth inhibition rate (GI) exceeding 70% was defined as high-sensitive while less than 50% GI was defined as insensitive,others were moderate-sensitive.All cases were performed standard intravesical chemotherapy with MMC 40 mg plus 40 mt saline.Every case was followed up every 3 months.The patients were followed up for 5 years or untill recurrence.Results The MMC chem-osensitivity was different among 41 patients.Thirteen cases were insensitive including 1 of Ta,12 of T1 (P=0.009) and 1 of G1,7 of G2,5 of G3(P=0.101).Total recurrence rate was 39%(16/41) af-ter 3 to 5 years follow-up.There were 1 of Ta,15 of T1 (P=0.059) and 10 of G2 6 of G3 (P=0.016).Insensitive group recurrence rate was 77% (10/13) while sensitive group was 21% (6/28,P= 0.004).Patients in sensitive group showed a longer median time(49.2 months) than patients in insen-sitive group (16.5 months,P<0.001) according to Kaplan-Meier analysis with Log-rank test.The MMC chemosensitivity was independent prognostic factor examed by Cox regression analysis (P= 0.008).There was a 78% correlation rate of chemosensitivity by HDRA to clinical effect of MMC in-travesical chemotherapy.Conclusion HDRA could evaluate MMC intravesical chemotherapy for su-perficial bladder TCC,improve therapeutic effect and lower tumor recurrence rate.

OBJECTIVETo study the factors affecting the management and treatment of immigrant workers with tuberculosis, to determine the most effective measures and to provide an academic basis for tuberculosis control and prevention strategies targeting the immigrant population.

METHODSA self-designed questionnaire was administered to 1364 immigrant workers with tuberculosis (study group) and 436 local residents (control group) with tuberculosis.

RESULTSWhether a patient's tuberculosis status was discovered or not was related to the medical facilities initially visited, job mobility, and the individual worker's economic condition. The percentage of cases discovered was relatively low among those who made their first visit to a private clinic (39.0%), and 58.4% (796) of immigrant workers delayed their first consultation mainly due to neglecting symptoms (55.9%, 445), subjective perception of symptoms being not severe enough (19.3%, 154) to visit a physician and the inconvenience of visiting a hospital because of its being far away from home (15.8%, 47). As comparing immigrant workers with local residents, the differences of the delay reason between the two groups were statistically significant (chi(2) = 21.49, P < 0.01). And 39.9% (544) of immigrant workers and 49.1% (214) of local residents had had late confirmation. The differences of the delay reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 7.31, P = 0.293). And 17.6% (240) patients of immigrant workers and 13.1% (57) patients of local residents did not keep to their drug regimens in a timely fashion. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 6.66, P > 0.05). And 77.5% (1057) of immigrant workers and 31.8% (138) of local residents were considered that taking medicine in supervision spot might have impact on their lives and work. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were significant (chi(2) = 9.71, P < 0.05). All 79.2% (1080) of immigrant workers and 63.3% (276) of local residents did not obtain medicine according to prescriptions. The differences of reasons between the two groups were statistically significant (chi(2) = 24.84, P < 0.01). And 51.2% (699) of immigrant workers and 46.1% (201) of the registered population did not follow up with doctors' directions for lab tests. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 3.26, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe influential factors in tuberculosis management and treatment were complex. Prevention strategies should focus on health education and promotion activities to improve awareness in seeking medical services. Also, developing and standardizing reference mechanisms for patients, and alleviating the economic burden of the workers will be critical to reduce the tuberculosis incidence.

China ; epidemiology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Transients and Migrants ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and related factors of emotional problems of newly identified patients with HIV/AIDS in Changsha, Hunan Province, and to provide scientific evidence for the mental health intervention in this special population. METHODS: A total of 370 patients with HIV/AIDS who were newly identified by the Center for Disease Prevention and Control in Changsha City from March 1, 2013 to February 28, 2014 were investigated. Self-designed questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), HIV/AIDS Stress Scale and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were performed to assess the prevalence of depression, the anxiety symptoms, the HIV related stress and the status of social support. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression and anxiety were 40.3% (PHQ-9 ≥ 10 points) and 30.5% (GAD-7 ≥ 10 points), respectively. Severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9≥20 points) and severe anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 15 points) accounted for 8.1% and 14.3%, respectively. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the status of employment (b=-3.407, P<0.001; b=-2.799, P=0.001), the sexual orientation (b=1.903, P=0.008; b=1.314, P=0.034), the resident status (b=-1.995, P=0.012; b=-2.167, P=0.002), the emergence of HIV-related symptoms(b=4.578, P<0.001; b=3.652, P<0.001) and the HIV related stress (b=0.081, P<0.001; b=0.090, P<0.001) were the predictors for both depressive and anxious emotional problems whereas the social support (b=-0.046, P=0.044) was the predictor for depressive emotional problems. Both anxiety (ΔR2=54.7%, P<0.001) and depression (ΔR2=55.8%, P<0.001) were strong predictors for patients with HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety are prevalent among the newly identified patients with HIV/ AIDS. Psychosocial support and basic mental health services should be integrated into the current HIV/AIDS care system.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; psychology ; Anxiety ; epidemiology ; Depression ; epidemiology ; HIV Infections ; psychology ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Prevalence ; Regression Analysis ; Social Support ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To understand the smoking of college students in Guizhou Province and to explore associated factors for better prevention and control of smoking behavior. Methods: A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to describe the current smoking situation of college students. And 2 451 college students of different majors and grades from three cities with high, medium and low economic development levels were selected. Besides, we used multivariate logistic regression analysis to analyze the major factors affecting current smoking. Results: Ever smoking rate of college students in Guizhou Province was 50.8%, the peak age of first smoking attempt was 8-13(35.2%); current smoking rate of college students in Guizhou Province was 20.8%. Logistic regression analysis showed that male, upper grade, monthly living expenses of not less than 1 000 yuan, single parents, family smoking and peer smoking were the main risk factors affecting college students’ smoking(OR=5.52,1.44,1.48,1.69,1.47,1.88,P<0.05). Conclusion College students in Guizhou Province have a higher rate of smoking attempt and low rate of current smoking, as well as low tobacco dependence which is determined by multiple factors. Tobacco hazard education, mental health education and living environment intervention for college students may help reduce the probabitity for tobacco use.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of psychological control of parents of college students and their correlation with health risk behaviors, and to provide a reference for further improving parenting styles and improving the physical and mental health of college students. Methods: With the method of multi-stage stratified random sampling, 3 318 college students from 6 universities in Guizhou Province were selected. The parents’ psychological control questionnaire and Chinese adolescent health-related behavior questionnaire were used to conduct anonymous field survey. Results: A total of 660 students’ parents have got low score of mental control in low-score group (<26), 1 844 in the middle group (26-49) and 814 in the high group (>49). Students who had suicide plans scored higher in the dimensions of invasion of privacy, inhibition of speech expression, and sense of disability than those who had not(t=4.08, 3.74, 3.82, P<0.01); The scores of smokers in achievement expectation, invasion of privacy and ability ineffectiveness were higher than those of non-smokers(t=7.12, 3.91, 8.10, P<0.01); the scores of drinkers in all dimensions were higher than those of non drinkers(t=9.35, 4.64, 5.90, 8.78, P<0.01); the scores of Internet addicts in all dimensions were higher than those of non-smokers(t=8.92, 14.27, 3.70, 15.94, P<0.01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that smoking, drinking and Internet addiction were positively correlated with parents’ psychological control(r=0.11, 0.15, 0.19, P<0.01). Conclusion Parents’ psychological control of college students in achievement expectation, ability ineffectiveness and speech inhibition; parents’ psychological control is positively related to smoking, drinking and Internet addiction behavior. Parents should give more active encouragement and guidance to their children and strengthen communication.

Objective To discuss the clinical significance of petrosal vein in operation of cerebel- lopontine angle(CPA)tumor.Methods From Dec.2004 to Mar.2006,33 patients with tumor in CPA were operated,the petrosal vein were protected well in 31 cases and failed to protect in 2 cases.Results No hemorrhagic infarction observed in 31 cases with well protection of petrosal vein.Two cases with petrosal vein damage occured with vein infarction and hemorrhagic edema.One was dead and the other was recovered well after decompression of posterior cranial fossa.Conclusion Petrosal vein should be well protected in the tumor operation of CPA area,the decompression of posterior cranial fossa should be considered if petrosal vein failed to protect.

Objective To study the distributions of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in β-arrestin2 (ARRB2) which including rs3786047,rs1045280 and rs2036657 and to elucidate the relationship between these SNPs and response to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) among heroin-dependent patients of Han ethnicity population in Hunan.Methods Han MMT patients were recruited in four random-chosen MMT clinics from Hunan province.Demographics,history of drug-use and MMT were recorded.ARRB2 SNPs were genotyped to determine the association between SNPs and response to MMT.Results Distributions of the three SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both groups (responders vs.non-responders).There was no statistical significance in the distribution frequency of genotype on rs3786047 (x2=0.486 2,P=0.784),rs1045280 (x2=1.591 9,P=0.451) and rs2036657 (x2=1.061 5,P=0.588) in ARRB2 among the responders or the non-responders.Conclusion Associations between the ARRB2 genotypes,rs3786047,rs1045280 and rs2036657,and MMT response in Han MMT patients in Hunan province did not appear.

AIMTo investigate whether AcSDKP can inhibit proliferation and collagen synthesis in cultured rat cardiac fibroblasts mediated by PDGF.

METHODSNeonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were isolated. The cell proliferation was observed by 3H-proline incorporation assay.

RESULTSOn the culture of 0.4% FBS, PDGF stimulated cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and collagen synthesis with a dose-dependent manner at the concentrations from 1 ng/ml to 20 ng/ml, in which 10 ng/ml PDGF reached its peak. AcSDKP at the concentration from 10(-10) mol/L to 10(-8) mol/L could inhibit cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and collagen synthesis mediated by PDGF. 10(-9) mol/L AcSDKP attained its peak on inhibiting cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and collagen synthesis.

CONCLUSIONAcSDKP can inhibit proliferation and collagen synthesis in cultured rat cardiac fibroblasts mediated by PDGF.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Myoblasts, Cardiac ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oligopeptides ; pharmacology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo investigate the complications of hyoid suspension with Repose system on obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and to find out the effective prevention strategies.

METHODSForty four patients diagnosed by polysomnography as OSAHS were received hyoid suspension with Repose system from June 2005 to July 2009. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were analyzed retrospectively. The patients who reported abnormal swallowing were evaluated with water drinking test and video fluorography swallow study to assess biomechanical changes in swallowing.

RESULTSIncidence rate of perioperative titanium nial amotio was 15.9% (7/44). It was avoided by implanting titanium nial again. No perioperative complications occurred such as injury of superior laryngeal nerve, blood vessel and thyrohyoid membrane, fracture of hyoid bone, suture break. All patients developed dysfunctions of pronunciation and swallowing, edema of mouth floor, dysfunctions of movement of tongue that could relieved gradually after three days on most patients. No postoperative complications occurred such as titanium nial amotio, fat liquoring, edema of mouth floor, hematoma, infection, foreign body reaction, injury of root apex of anterior tooth, dysfunctions of movement and sensation of tongue, suture break and death. All patients had over 2 year postoperative follow up. Incidence rate of dysfunctions of pronunciation and swallowing was 4.5% (2/44) and 15.9% (7/44) respectively. Main situation for dysfunctions of pronunciation was speaking ambiguity. Major manifestations of swallowing abnormalities were occasional aspiration, food going down the wrong tube, food becoming stuck in the throat, deglutition with bowing head. Seven patients who had abnormal swallowing possessed normal water drinking test and occurred asynersis of hyoid movement and laryngeal elevation, but aspiration were not observed. Three patients presented obvious stagnation in epiglottic vallecula and sinus piriformis.

CONCLUSIONSMost complications of hyoid suspension with Repose system may be avoided or recovered on short term. Postoperative dysfunctions of pronunciation and swallowing may exist for a long time.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hyoid Bone ; surgery ; Intraoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the management of cerebral ischemia caused by Takayasu's arteritis.

METHODSOne hundred and three cases treated from 1984 to 2003 were reviewed including 92 females. Seven cases underwent ascending aorta to bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) bypass, 38 cases to the axillary artery with graft to single ICA bypass. Six cases underwent ascending aorta to axillary bypass with 3 graft to single ICA bypasses as the second stage surgery. Three cases underwent ascending aorta to right ICA bypass with 2 graft to left ICA bypasses as well as 6 subclavian to carotid bypass, PTA in 5 and stenting in 3 cases, etc.

RESULTSTwenty-seven patients with less clinical severity received conservative therapy, 9 of them had mostly temporarily improvement, 15 had slight improvement or basically no change, 1 had hemiplegia and 2 died of stroke and myocardial infarction respectively. Surgically, the short-term effective rate was 87% and operative death 7.8%. Fifty-five patients were followed up, a mean follow-up time was 48 months, and the follow-up rate was 80.9%. The excellently, good, fair, no change and death rate were 36.4%, 38.2%, 20.0%, 3.6% and 1.8% respectively. All patients with PTA or stent had an immediate good response and all recurred within 3 to 5 months.

CONCLUSIONSFor treating severe cerebral ischemia caused by Takayasu's arteritis, the ascending aorta to axillary and single ICA reconstruction or the ascending aorta-bilateral axillary bypass for patients with subclavian steal syndrome is advocated; second stage operation from graft to contralateral ICA can be carried out if necessary.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Brain Ischemia ; etiology ; therapy ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; surgery ; Cerebral Revascularization ; methods ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stents ; Takayasu Arteritis ; complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Surgical Procedures