Objective:To explore the method of building the formative assessment (FA) system in diagnostics teaching and investigate its implementation effect.Methods:We planned and formulated the formative assessment system in diagnostics teaching of undergraduate curriculum. The correlation between the scores of the formative assessment and final exam were analyzed. A questionnaire survey on students' attitudes towards FA and an interview on teachers' perspectives were conducted. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Linear correlation analysis was used to compare the final exam scores with formative assessment scores, and Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the scores of questionnaire items.Results:The scores of FA were significantly positive related to the scores of final exam ( r = 0.559, P < 0.001). The questionnaire analysis showed that students significantly valued the formative assessment superior to the summative assessment ( Z = -8.632, P<0.001). It was generally approved of the promotion of FA in students' self-direct learning and self-supervision and the advances in acquirement of knowledge and skills. Conclusion:It is feasible of carrying FA in diagnostics teaching which could provide better learning outcome and might have an extensive prospect of application.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the characteristics of myocardial (18)F-FDG imaging in pilots with regular aerobic exercise training.

METHODSTwenty seven healthy male pilots with regular aerobic exercise training were included in this study. The subjects were divided into fasting (n = 17) or non-fasting group (n = 10). Fluorine-18-labeled deoxyglucose and Tc-99m-sestamibi dual-nuclide myocardial imaging were obtained at rest and at target heart rate during bicycle ergometer test. The exercise and rest myocardial perfusion imaging were analyzed for myocardial ischemia presence. The myocardial metabolism imaging was analyzed with the visual semi-quantitative analyses model of seventeen segments.

RESULTSThe secondary-extreme heart rate (195-age) was achieved in all subjects. There was no myocardial ischemia in all perfusion imaging. In the visual qualitative analyses, four myocardial metabolism imaging failed in the fasting group while one failed in the non-fasting group (P > 0.05). In the visual semi-quantitative analyses, myocardial metabolism imaging scores at rest or exercise in all segments were similar between two groups (P > 0.05). In the fasting group, the myocardial metabolism imaging scores during exercise were significantly higher than those at rest in 6 segments (P < 0.05). In the non-fasting group, the scores of 3 exercise myocardial metabolism imaging were significantly higher than those at rest (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSatisfactory high-quality myocardial metabolism imaging could be obtained at fasting and exercise situations in subjects with regular aerobic exercise.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Exercise ; Exercise Test ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the status of mental health in preschool children of Yangzhou city, and to explore the effect of home environment. Methods A total of 2 531 children from 7 kindergartens were selected by random cluster sampling. Questionnaire (including SDQ tests) was used to analyse the status and characteristics of mental health. Results The rate of children with mental disorder was 6.4%, the most prominent problem was peer relationship difficulty (17.8%), followed by hyperactivity/inattention (13.7%), prosocial behavior (9.4%), conduct problems (7.0%) and emotional problems (5.7%). Except for emotional symptoms, the detection rates of all other investigated problems among boys were higher than those among girls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the low level of mother's education (OR=1.85, 95%CI:1.04-3.29) and the joint family (OR=1.81, 95%CI:1.19-2.75) were risk factors, and gender of girl was protective factor (OR=0.71，95%CI：0.51-0.98). Conclusions The rate of mental disorder is low, but hyperactivity in boys and emotional problems in girls are quite popular, especially in children who have mother with low level of education or live in the joint family.

Since the autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of β(1)-adrenoceptor (β(1)-AABs) have been found in the sera of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM), the involvement of autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases has extensively been investigated. Our previous study found that urinary occult blood and protein excretion were frequently found in the rats with positive β(1)-AABs, but the mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, we infused the β(1)-AABs into the vein periodically in an attempt to investigate whether β(1)-AABs could induce morphological and functional changes in the kidneys of adult and aged rats and explore the possible mechanisms. The synthetic peptide according to the sequences of the second extracellular loop of β(1)-adrenoceptor (β(1)-AR-ECII) was used to immunize the adult rats to acquire enough β(1)-AABs for use. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) culture was used to observe the biological effects of β(1)-AABs on the beating rate. The purified β(1)-AABs were transfused into the vein of rats. The sera level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CR), uric acid (UA), urinary specific gravity, protein excretion, occult blood and urinary glucose were detected at the different time points by biochemistry and urine analyzers. HE and Masson's trichrome staining were used to detect the changes in kidney structure of passively immunized rats. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and β(1)-AR-EGFP plasmids were transfected into the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells in order to observe the changes in cell injury with the treatment of β(1)-AABs. It was found that the sera level of BUN, CR and UA increased gradually and the ratio of BUN to CR decreased progressively with the administration of β(1)-AABs. The increasing of proteinuria, urinary occult blood and urinary glucose was detected by urine analyzer in β(1)-AABs group. By HE and Masson's coloration, lots of mononuclear cell infiltration and collagen fibers deposition could be observed at the 24th week of immunization. After the treatment of β(1)-AABs, the caspase-3 activity increased significantly in the HEK293 cells transfected with β(1)-AR-EGFP plasmids, while no significant changes were observed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. The results indicate that long-term presence of β(1)-AABs can induce the morphological and functional damage of the kidneys in adult and aged rats.
Acute Kidney Injury ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Autoantibodies ; immunology ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 ; immunology

According to the findings, modified Ganlu Yaoyu San has a good anti-inflammatory activity, and can significantly alleviate the degree of arthritis. Its therapeutic effect for rheumatoid arthritis may be related to the regulation of MAPK pathway of synovial cells. In the study, the rat adjuvant arthritis(AA) model was established to further investigate the pharmacodynamic mechanism for regulating MAPK pathway of synovial cells. Enzyme-linked immune assay was used to determine the serum TNF-α level of AA rats administered with drug for two weeks, synovial tissue protein kinases ERK1/2 and p38 content were determined by immunohistochemistry, synovial tissue JNK1, ERK1, p38 gene(mRNA) expression were detected with fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-PCR) method. According to the results, after administration for two weeks, the levels of serum TNF-α of AA rat was significantly decreased(P<0.05). After administration for four weeks, the protein expressions of p38 and ERK1/2 in synovial tissue were reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01), the gene expressions of JNK1, p38 and ERK1 in knee joint synovial tissue were reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In conclusion, modified Ganlu Yaoyu San can effectively treat rheumatoid arthritis. Its mechanism might be related to the reduction of TNF-α levels in serum, protein expression of p38 and ERK1/2 in synovial tissue, and JNK1, p38 and ERK1 gene expressions, and regulation of MAPK pathway.

Objective::To observe the clinical efficacy of flavored Sanxitang combined with celecoxib in treating gonarthromeningitis caused by dampness and cold. Method::Totally 120 case were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was given celecoxib, and the treatment group was treated with flavored sanxitang combined with celecoxib for 30 d. The visual analogue scale (VAS), American knee association knee function scale (AKS), arthritis impact scale (AIMS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were observed before and after treatment. The circumferential diameter, articular cavity effusion and synovial hyperplasia thickness were measured. The serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, serum interleukin-1 (IL-1) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were detected. The effective rate and adverse reactions were observed in two groups. Result::The total effective rate in treatment group was 94.8% (55/58), which was higher than 80.7% (46/57) in control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, VAS, AIMS, WOMAC, knee circumference, articular cavity effusion and synovial hyperplasia thickness were significantly reduced in two groups (P<0.05), while the AKS score was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with after treatment, VAS, AIMS, WOMAC, knee circumference, articular cavity effusion and synovial hyperplasia thickness were significantly reduced in observation group (P<0.05), whereas the AKS score was significantly increased (P<0.05). TNF-α, MMP-3, IL-1 and ESR in two groups were significantly lower than those group before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, TNF-α, MMP-3, IL-1 and ESR levels in observation group were significantly reduced compared with those in control group (P<0.05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions in treatment group was 5.89% (4/58), which was lower than 22.81% (13/57) in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion::Flavored Sanxitang combined with celecoxib could alleviate the clinical symptoms of gonarthromeningitis caused by dampness and cold, with a low incidence of adverse reactions.