ObjectiveTo explore the method of preparing the tube from chitosan and study the biocompatibility between blood and chitosan. Methods3％ chitosan-based hydrolgels were pro-duced from acetic acid and chitosan. The needles coated with chitosan were submerged in NaOHaqueous solutions. The tubes of chitosan were taken off from the needle. The portosystemic shuntswere created using the tube of chitosan. This model without heparin was observed whether the intes-tinal congestion developed or not. ResultsIt was shown that the chitosan-based tube has blood in 8rats went back to veinal system. ConclusionIt was easy to prepare the tube from chitosan. Thetubes have an excellent biocompatibility with blood.

Objective To investigate the recent prognosis of stress hyperglycemia for the emergency percuta- neous coronary intervention(PCI)with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods 410 pa- tients treated by emergency PCI were chosen.According to a history of diabetes and blood glucose levels,they were randomly divided into four groups:group 1(n = 288):random blood glucose normal and non-diabetic patients;group 2(n = 30):random normal blood glucose in diabetic patients;group 3(n = 54):random plasma glucose level and non- diabetic patients;group 4(n = 38):high random plasma glucose level in diabetic patients.Age,gender,hospital within 24 hours with random glucose,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),peak creatine kinase,TIMI flow recovery and 30-day mortality of the patients were compared.Results Mortality of four groups were 4.2%,3.4%,7.5% and 5.9% re- spectively(P

Objective To observe the impact of different surgical procedures on ovarian reserve and analge-sic effects of drug use in patients with uterine fibroids.Methods 100 patients with uterine fibroids were randomly divided into two groups.50 patients in control group were implemented traditional open surgery.50 cases in the obser-vation group received laparoscopic myomectomy.The ovarian reserve changes were compared before and after surgery, pain medication use and changes in the degree of pain conditions.Results The levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing in the control group one,three months after operation were significantly higher than before surgery and the observation group,the level of estrogen was significantly lower than before surgery and observation group,the differences were statistically significant(t=10.23,14.58,9.78,11.76,9.83,9.92,10.07,11.23,all P<0.05).The postoperative first pain time of the observation group was significantly longer than the control group,the difference was statistically significant[(513.74 ±284.52)min vs.(61.38 ±37.21)min,t=92.34,P<0.05].The postoperative analgesic usage of the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(14.0% vs.58.0%,χ2 =7.83,P<0.05).The pain scores 3d,4d,5d,6d and 7d after operation of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group(t=2.11,2.30,2.58,7.03,6.46,all P<0.05). Conclusion The patients with uterine fibroids laparoscopic myomectomy for treatment will not cause great impact on the patients'ovarian reserve,and can effectively reduce the use of analgesics,and it is worthy of further promotion.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of three bacteriostatic agents ( methylparaben, eth-ylparaben, propylparaben) in taurine eye drops. Methods:The HPLC method was conducted on a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column ( 250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm ). The mobile phase was 1％ acetic acid-methanol(40 :60). The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the de-tection wavelength was 254 nm with the injection volume of 20 μl and the column temperature of 25℃. Results:Methylparaben, eth-ylparaben and propylparaben showed good linear relationship (r>0. 999)within the range of 1. 00-19. 94μg·ml-1,2. 01-20. 08μg· ml-1 and 0. 21-10. 46 μg·ml-1,respectively. The average recoveries were 99. 20％-99. 90％, and the RSDs were 1. 34％-1. 54％(n=9). Conclusion:The method is accurate, reproducible and stable without interference, which can be used for the determination of three bacteriostatic agents in taurine eye drops.

Objective To estimate the fatality rate of SARS so as to provide data for the evaluation of patient care. Methods Based on the clinical features of the death cases of SARS, the average period between the time of clinical diagnosis and the time of death was determined and a method of estimation, which was lagged in time, was thus developed. Differences in the fatality rates of SARS across the world as well as the patterns of the differences were discussed using Chi-square and trend Chi-square tests. Results The fatality rate of SARS in Beijing, which presented a progressively downward tendency, was 7.2% by June 5, 2003, ranking relatively high among the SARS-hit zones in China. Conclusion Certain achievements have been attained in the clinical treatment of SARS cases, and yet more efforts need to be exerted. It is estimated that the eventual fatality rate of SARS in Beijing will be around 8%.

Using high pressure homogenization method combined with spray-drying, budesonide-loaded chitosan microparticles were prepared and the in vitro release profile was investigated. The microparticles were then blended with lactose using a vortex mixer, influence of mixing speed, mixing time on drug recovery rate and content homogeneity were investigated. Meanwhile, influence of lactose content on drug recovery rate, content homogeneity, powder flowability and in vitro deposition were studied. It turned out that budesonide was released from the microparicles in a sustained manner, with fine particle fraction as high as 46.0%, but the powder flowability was poor. After blending with 10 times of lactose, the drug recovery rate was 96.5%, with relative standard deviation of drug content 2.5%, and fine particle fraction of the formulation increased to 59.6% with good flowability. It's demonstrated that using a vortex mixer, budesonide sustained-release dry powder for inhalation with good recovery and content homogeneity could be prepared, the formulation had good flowability and was suitable for pulmonary inhaling.
Administration, Inhalation ; Budesonide ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chitosan ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Lactose ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Powders

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which consist of two or more fused aromatic rings, are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment, and are of concern because of their toxic and carcinogenic poten- tial. In nature, the aerobic bacterial bio-treatment of contamination with PAHs is of the major route. It is ob- vious that the degraders are more useful for the bioremediation of contaminated environments and may be potentially used in a wide of application. Therefore, many researchers have been focusing on the biodegra- dations of PAHs by various aerobic bacteria. In the last two decades, the mechanism of degradation in bacte- ria capable of aero-biotic utilizing PAHs has been well investigated in genetic studies such as diversities of genes of PAHs metabolism, the genes which participate directly in PAHs metabolism and the genetics me- chanism of bacterial population and so on. In brief, most of PAH-catabolic genes are classed into two groups according to their identity. One group is called "the nah-like genes", the other group, i.e. "the nah-unlike genes" is different from the nah-like genes. The different molecular genetics mechanisms of bacterial popu- lation adapted to PAH compound will be dealt with in three groups: (i) point mutations, (ii) gene transfer, and (iii) DNA rearrangements and absentation. In this review, some genetic knowledge about aerobic bacte- ria with the mechanism for the degradation of PAHs is summarized.

Objective To explore the effect of treadmill training on inspiratory function and its association with improvement of exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods The 12 moderate to severe COPD patients were allocated to lower-limb exercise training for 12weeks. The routine tests of pulmonary ventilation function, diffusion function,lung volume, peak inspiratory flow (PIF), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), symptom-limited progressive cycle ergometer exercise tests and constant work rate exercise tests were administered before and after the training program. During the constant work rate exercise tests, tidal breathing flow volume (TBFV) curves were recorded every 1 mir. Results After treadmill training, the exercise duration (T) (t=7. 357, P＜0. 001), peak work rate (WRpeak) (t=3. 614, P＜0.05), MIP (t=4.754, P＜0. 001) and PIF (t=2. 440, P＜0. 05) increased significantly. The tidal PIF (t=- 2.747, P＜0.05) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) (t = - 4.487, P＜ 0.05 ) decreased significantly at isotime. Maxium inspiratory flow reserve (△FLOWinsp) (t = 2. 755, P ＜ 0. 05 ) increased significantly at isotime, and maxium expiratory flow reserve (△FLOWexp) (t = 1. 326, P ＞ 0.05)showed no significant changes; The△T were positively correlated with △MIP (r=0. 613, P＜0. 05),△PIF (r=0.497, P＜0.05) and △FLOWinsp (r=0.592, P＜0.05). Conclusions Lower limb exercise training improves inspiratory function of COPD patients. The improvement of exercise endurance in moderate to severe COPD patients after lower limb exercise training is due to increases of inspiratory muscle strength, maxium PIF and inspiratory flow reserve.

Objective To explore the relationship between improved exercise endurance and inspiratory muscle strength,dyspnea and lower limb fatigue in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients. Methods Twelve moderate-to-severe COPD patients were given lower limb exercise training for 12 weeks.Routine tests of pulmonary ventilation function,diffusion function,lung volume,maximal inspiratory pressure(MIP),expiratory flow limitation(EFL),cycle ergometer exercise capacity and constant work rate capacity were administered before and after the training program.Borg's scale(BS)was used to assess dyspnea and lower limb fatigue was measured during the exercise tests.Results After training,the average peak work rate(W Rpeak)and average MIP both had increased significantly,but no significant change was observed in routine pulmonary ventilation function,diffusion function or lung volume.The 5-point EFL score showed no significant change.hut Borg's scale dyspnea scores and lower limb fatigue decreased significantly.The changes in W Rpeak were positively correlated with the MIP changes,Borg scale scores and changes in Borg scores.All of these relationships were statistically significant. Conclusion The improved exercise endurance of moderate-to-severe COPD patients after lower limb exercise training is due to increased inspiratory muscle strength and decreases in the sensation of dyspnea and lower limb fatigue.

AIM:To construct eukaryotic expression vector expressing double shRNA sections targeting Survivin gene.METHODS: Eukaryotic expression vector expressing double shRNA sections targeting Survivin gene were designed and chemically synthesized.They were directionally inserted into plasmid pGenesil-1 with respectively U6 promoter and termination code,the common green fluorescence protein(EGFP) gene and Neo gene. In this way,the vector of pGenesil-1 shRNA containing 2 sections of Survivin shRNA were constructed and they were transfected into the pancreatic cancer cell Bx-PC3.Transfection was detected by fluorescence microscope.The inhibition expression of Survivin mRNA was measured by RT-PCR.RESULTS: HE1 and HE2 plasmids were identified by the biocatalyst cut which confirmed the exactitude and were analyzed by the sequence analysis which verified the perfect clone plasmid inserted by them.CONCLUSION: A eukaryotic expression vector of double short hairpin RNA for Survivin gene is successfully constructed.The pancreatic cancer cells Bx-PC3 succeed to be transfected and expression of Survivin mRNA is inhibited obviously.