International Standard for Medical Laboratories Accreditation demanded monitoring the quality of the total testing process (TFP).Recently, the errors in the analysis phase had been effectively controlled, while the errors in pre-and post-analytical phases still remained comparably high, and became the major factors influencing the TTP quality.Thus, monitoring and improving the quality of the extraanalytical phases became the major challenge.Monitoring the TTP quality required the laboratory staff to extend the quality management to the influential elements outside the laboratory.In addition, it also prompted the organizers of external quality assessment (EQA) in China to provide a quality assurance program for extra-analytical phases.The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) had developed a model of quality indicators.The Q-Probes and Q-Tracks programs of the College of American Pathologists provided a good practice of monitoring and improving quality for the extraanalytical phases.Based on the related international guidelines, the QIs system was established for quality management and control in clinical laboratory, so as to manage EQA of extra-analytical phases.

This study was designed to assess the immune protective effects of the vaccine strain of a precocious line of Eimeria necatrix with different doses and at different immunization times. The immunizations had a negative effect on weight gains of chickens to a certain degree but could be compensated during the “compensatory growth period” after immunity was established in the chickens. The number of oocysts excreted was positively correlated with the immunization dose. All the immunized chickens, whether they were immunized once or twice or immunized with different doses of sporulated oocysts, were able to resist attack from 1x105 virulent sporulated oocysts of E. necatrix. The lesion scoring showed that no significant difference existed in the chicken groups immunized with different doses (300 and 600) of sporulated oocysts. However, a difference existed in the immune homogeneity established in the different immunized groups, and two artificial immunizations were superior to one artificial immunization, indicating that two could extend the duration of oocyst excretion and allow more chances for the immunized chickens to become repeatedly infected.

Aim To investigate the effects of EDT on anoxia and ischemic injury in cultured PC12 cells. Methods Cultured PC12 cells were treated with 1 mmol?L -1 Na 2S 2O 4 and 20 mmol?L -1 NaCN in combination with glucose deprivation. The protective effects of EDT on these two models were evaluated by lactate dehydrogenate (LDH) efflux assay and colormetric MTT assay.ResultsEDT, within the range of 10 -8～ 10 -6 mol?L -1, significantly antagonized LDH efflux induced by two models and increased the optical density at 570 nm tested by colorimetric MTT assay in concentration-dependent manner. 10 -6 mol?L -1 EDT might time-dependently inhibit two injuries and reach maximal level at 48 h. Conclusion EDT can protect PC12 cells from anoxia and ischemic injury.

Hearing loss caused by cochlear damage is the main symptom of sudden deafness (SD). Some patients also suffer from vestibular symptoms. In recent years, more attention has been paid to the vestibular dysfunction in patients with SD. The lesions could involve the whole inner ear in SD patients with and without vertigo. Comprehensive evaluation of vestibular function may help us understand the extent of lesions in sudden deafness and analyze the pathogenesis of disease. A less involvement of inner ear lesion may indicate a better hearing recovery.
Cochlea ; injuries ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Vertigo ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate the application of 3D scanning system in medical education technology.Methods David 3D scanning system had its advantages,calibration technique,working flow and post-processing of scanning data described,and then introduced into medical education and underwent series of tests.Results David 3D scanning system gained high modeling speed,and spent only 2 h for actual specimen scanning,modeling as well as synchronized collection and mapping.The scanning accuracy reached industrial level.Conclusion David 3D scanning system gains advantages over the traditional 3D scanning technique,and facilitates medical digital modeling by transforming object information into digital signal.

ObjectiveTo analyze the relative influential factors of hearing rehabilitation of the deafened children with multichannel cochlear implant. Methods42 prelingually deafened children who accepted multichannel cochlear implant were evaluated with their hearing ability, hearing thresholds and talent level, while their family and usage of the multichannel cochlear were investigated. Results and ConclusionThe result shows that the factors influencing the hearing rehabilitation are the occupations of the parents, income of the family, the time between diagnosing deaf and the operation, the time after the cochlear implant operation and the talent level. The results of the logistic regression show that the deafened children can gain their hearing developing rapidly if they living in a family with high income, their mothers have accepted more education, and they accepted longer time of continuing hearing-aid, etc.

ObjectiveTo analyze the relative influential factors of hearing rehabilitation of the deafened children with multichannel cochlear implant. Methods42 prelingually deafened children who accepted multichannel cochlear implant were evaluated with their hearing ability, hearing thresholds and talent level, while their family and usage of the multichannel cochlear were investigated. Results and ConclusionThe result shows that the factors influencing the hearing rehabilitation are the occupations of the parents, income of the family, the time between diagnosing deaf and the operation, the time after the cochlear implant operation and the talent level. The results of the logistic regression show that the deafened children can gain their hearing developing rapidly if they living in a family with high income, their mothers have accepted more education, and they accepted longer time of continuing hearing-aid, etc.

Child ; China ; Diarrhea ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Escherichia coli Infections ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli ; isolation & purification

Column chromatography on silica gel was used to study the chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine Siegesbeckia pubescens. The chemical structures of the separated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses. As a result, eighteen compounds were obtained and identified as 3, 4'-dimethoxy quercetin(1), 3, 3', 4'-trimethoxy quercetin(2), 3, 3'-dimethoxy quercetin(3), 7, 3', 4'-trimethoxy luteolin(4), ursolic acid(5), 2β,19α-dihydroxyursolic acid(6), 2β-hydroxyursolic acid (7), stigmasterol-7-one(8), 5α, 8α-epidioxy-24(R)-methyl-cholesta-6, 22-diene-3β-ol(9), β-sitosterol(10), 2, 6-di(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3, 7-dioxacyclo [3. 3. 0] octane (11), aurantiamide acetate (12), 3-(m-hydroxyl-p-methoxy)-N-(2'-p-hydroxyl-phenethyl)-2E-acrylamide(13), p-hydroxy benzaldehyde (14), m-hydroxy-p-methoxy benzaldehyde (15), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoic acid(16), monoethyl malonate(17), and p-hydroxylcinnamic acid(18). Among them, compounds 1-9, 11-18 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Luteolin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Baculoviral IAP(inhibitor of apoptosis protein) gene was identified firstly in IAP gene family.The structurcal feature of baculoviral IAP genes are characterized BIR and RING domain;Despite similar to P35 in antiapoptotic function,baculovrial IAP and P35 differ in structure and mechnism of action.Phylogenetic analysis of IAP genes and lots of evidence sppport the origin of this viral gene by capture of a host gene early in the evolution of Lepidoptera.