Background Cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is a primary treatment for cataract.However,tear film stability and ocular surface structure are affected after surgery,especially some cataract patients with diabetes.Researches determined that tear film dysfunction is an important causative factor of dry eye.Objective This study was to investigate the change of tear film after phacoemulsification in cataract patient with diabetes.Methods A non-randomized cases-controlled study was designed.Thirty-six cataract patients with diabetes (54 eyes)and matched 32 patients (40 eyes)with age-related cataract were included in this study in Tianjin First Center Hospital from October,2010 to May,2011.Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was performed on the all patients with the same topical eyedrops in both groups.Dry eye-related symptom was surveyed and scored by questionnaire,and tear film break-up time (BUT),Schirmer Ⅰ test(S Ⅰ t)and corneal fluorescein(FL) were examined 3 days before operation and 1 day,1 week,1month,3 months after operation.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before entering this trial.Results The percentage with preoperative symptoms of dry eye was 36.2％ and postoperative dry eye symptoms accounted for 75.8％.Significant differences were seen in dry eye symptom score,FL score,BUT value and S Ⅰ t value between the diabetic cataract group and only cataract group as well as among 4 time points(dry eye symptom score:Fgroup =139.347,P =0.000 ; Ftime =342.741,P =0.000 ; FL score: Fgroup =14.073,P =0.000 ; Ftime =332.697,P =0.000 ; BUT value: Fgroup =28.198,P =0.000 ; Ftime =868.364,P =0.000 ; S Ⅰ t value: Fgroup =2.848,P =0.095 ; Ftime =564.017,P=0.000).FL scores of 2 groups were significantly higher in postoperation than those in preoperation (P＜0.05),and those of diabetic cataract group were significantly higher than only cataract group(P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found between postoperation 3 months and preoperation (P＞0.05).BUT was shorter in postoperation than that in preoperation in the diabetic cataract group(P＜0.05).S Ⅰ t values in postoperative 1 day and 1 week were significantly lower than in preoperation in both groups(P＜0.05).However,S Ⅰ t values returned to normal from 1 month through 3 months in both groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions Tear film dysfunction occurs after operationin cataract patient with type 2 diabetes.It is thought that cataract patient with diabetes is susceptible population of dry eye.Dry eye appears more early and severer in diabetes patients after phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation.

Objective To establish a method of inducing dendritic cells(DC)from rat bone marrow cells in vitro,and identify the phenotype and function characteristics.Methods The rat bone malToW cells were collected and cultured in vitro under the condition of recombinant rat GM-CSF(rrGM-CSF)and recombinant rat IL-4(rrIL-4).After 2 weeks,the morphological character of DCs was observed under light microscope and scanning electron microscope.Expression of MHC-Ⅱ,CD80 and CD86 were detected by flow cytometry.The ability to stimulate allogenic T cells of the cultured DCs was detected by mixed lymphocyte reaction.Results DCs showed typical morphology with elongated dendritic processes under inversion microscope and scanning electron microscope.DCs at day 6 revealed immature phenotype,including MHC-Ⅱ(29.03 ±4.39)%,CD80(21.98±7.08)%and CD86(25.94±6.80)%.DCs at day 12 showed higher expression of MHC-Ⅱ(74.05±5.97)%,CD80(79.85±6.53)%and CD86(81.00±7.47)%,and stimulatory capacity of allogenic T cells,compared with that in DCs at day 6.Conclusion Matured DCs could be generated from rat bone marrow cells and attendance with rrGM-CSF and rrIL-4,which present the feasibility for further research on its application to allograft immunorejection.

Objective To study effect of excessive iodine intake on sodium-iodide symporter(NIS)mRNA and protein expression of breast in lactating rats.Methods60 Wistar rats,having been weaned for one month,were randomly divided into three groups according to their body weights,I.e,①normal iodine(NI,30 rats);②ten fold high iodine(10 HI,15 rats);③one hundred fold high iodine(100 HI,15 rats).Eating food containing iodine of 300μg/L and drinking water of iodine at 5,1845,20 295μg/L,respectively.After fed for 3 months,the rats mated and had offspring,and urine and milk iodine of lactating rats were determined by As-Ce-catalytic spectrophotometric method.Their marmnary glands were sampled at lactation day 10.Then NIS mRNA expression by RT-PCR was determined and NIS protein by immunohistochemistry(SABC)was observed.Results The urine iodine of 10 HI group(3597.5μg/L)and 100HI group(25 404.3μg/L)increased obviously compared with that of NI group(344.7μg/L).The milk iodine of 10HI group(27.1×103μg/L)and 100HI group(191.0×1μg/L)was higher than that of NI group(6.0×103μg/L),but the increased fold of milk iodine was not paralleled with that of urine iodine.Difference of NIS mRNA expression was significant(F=24.19,P＜0.01)among the groups,and the NIS mRNA expression in 10HI(1.250±0.034)and 100HI(1.272±0.039)group were less than that in NI (1.532±0.044)group(P＜0.01).The breast NIS mRNA expression in lactating rats(1.532±0.044)was significantly higher than that in unlactating rats(0.879±0.018,P＜0.01).With the increasing iodine uptake,NIS protein expression decreased.Conclusions The NIS mRNA and protein in rat breasts is down-regulated by excessive iodine intake.So increasing extent of milk iodine concentration is inhibited,which is important to prevent off-spring from getting excessive iodine intake from parental generation.

Objective To explore the effects of thyroid hormone on the expression of homeobox gene Nkx6.1 in offspring of hypothyroidism rats and the relationship between gene expression and hormone level by supplying their hypothyroidism pregnant mother with thyroid hormone. Method A total of 240 Wistar rats were half nude and half female. Female rats were randomly divided into eight groups: control, hypothyroidism group, hypothyroidism groups which were supplied with thyroid hormone in high, medium and low dosage in early stage(1- 17 d) and in late stage( 18 - 20 d). According to 100 grams of body weight, the concentration of thyroid hormone were 3.5,2.0,0.5 μg/d in high, medium and low dosage group. All the rats were fed with low-iodine food. The normal control group was given KIO_3 solution and the other groups were given deionized water. After three months female rats were mated with male rats. The content of Nkx6.1 mRNA in brain tissue of 17-day fetal rats, new-born and 20- day old offspring by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR techniques. Results①A rat model of hypothyroidism was successfully established, there were statistical significance between 8 groups in TT_3,TT_4,FT_3,FT_4(F=4.08,31.99,5.79,26.34, all P < 0.01 ). ② The expression of Nkx6.1 mRNA had significant difference(F = 758.720, 1121.589,144.716, all P < 0.01 ) between groups in 17-day fetal rats, new-bern and 20-day old offsprings and intra- groups in different time (F=2898.863,325.605,716.285,56.329,236.727,196.678,7115.752,9152.306, all P < 0.01 ). ③The time factor and dosage factor had influence on Nkx6.1 mRNA expression(F = 1176.655,246.530, all P < 0.01 ). There were interaction between time and dosage factor(F = 1249.934, P < 0.01 ). ④Comparison of Nkx6.1 mRNA expression between hypothyroidism group and normal control group had significant difference in the above three time points(all P < 0.01 ). ⑤Comparisons of Nkx6.1 mRNA expression between 6 hypothyroidism groups which were supplied with thyroid hormone and hypothyroidism group had significant difference(all P < 0.01 ) in new-bern and 20-day old offspring; comparisons of Nkx6.1 mRNA expression between hypothyroidism groups which were supplied with high and medium thyroid hormone and hypothyroidism group had significant difference in 17-day fetal rats(all P < 0.01 ). ⑥Comparison of Nkx6.1 mRNA expression between hypothyroidism groups which were supplied with medium thyroid hormone in early stage and normal control group had no statistical significance (all P > 0.05), while between the other 5 groups which were supplied with thyroid hormone and normal control group had significant difference(all P < 0.01 ) in the above three time points.⑦Multiple comparison of early stage groups which were supplied with thyroid hormone showed that the expression of Nkx6.1 mRNA had significant difference(all P < 0.01) between high, low dosage groups and medium group in 17-day fetal rats, new-bern and 20-day offspring(all P< 0.01). ⑧Multiple comparison of late stage groups supplied with thyroid hormone showed that old offspring and between high dosage groups and low dosage groups in 17-day fetal rats and 20-day the expression of Nkx6.1 mRNA had significant difference(all P < 0.01 ) between three groups in new-bern and 20- day old offspring. Conclusion The expression of Nkx6.1 in rats offspring is highly related to the supply dosage and supply time of thyroid hormone in hypothyroidism pregnant rats.

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of the protein of TGF-beta1 and E-cadherin in the primary and metastatic lesions of ovarian carcinoma and explore the mechanism of the metastasis of ovarian carcinoma.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the expression of TGF-beta1 and E-cadherin proteins in primary and metastatic ovarian carcinoma, benign epithelial ovarian tumor and normal ovarian tissue.

RESULTSThe expression of TGF-beta1 was significantly higher in ovarian carcinoma (67.2%) than in benign tumors (28.6%) and normal ovarian tissue (18.9%) (Chi2=26.94, P<0.001), but E-cadherin expression showed a reverse pattern. TGF-beta1 expression in the primary ovarian carcinoma carcinoma was associated with the FIGO stage, lymph metastasis and ascites of the tumor (P=0.01, P=0.01, and P=0.04, respectively). E-cadherin expression in the tumor was associated with the differentiation (P=0.02) and lymph metastasis of ovarian carcinoma (P=0.04). The expressions of TGF-beta1 and E-cadherin were all significantly lower in the primary tumors than in the metastatic tumor (Chi2=4.70, P=0.03; Chi2=5.91, P=0.015). A significant correlation was found between the expressions of the TGF-beta1 and E-cadherin in the primary carcinoma (Kappa value of -0.32, P=0.01).

CONCLUSIONTGF-beta1 and E-cadherin are closely associated with the metastasis of ovarian carcinoma and might be potential targets for controlling the metastasis of ovarian carcinoma.

Adult ; Cadherins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDRecent research shows that lasers can inhibit fungal growth and that Nd:YAG 1064-nm lasers can penetrate as deep as the lower nail plate. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of a long-pulse Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser on 154 nails of 33 patients with clinically and mycologically proven onychomycosis.

METHODSThirty-three patients with 154 nails affected by onychomycosis were randomly assigned to two groups, with the 154 nails divided into three sub-groups (II degree, III degree, and IV degree) according to the Scoring Clinical Index of Onychomycosis. The 15 patients (78 nails) in group 1 were given eight sessions with a one-week interval, and the 18 patients (76 nails) in group 2 were given four sessions with a one-week interval.

RESULTSIn group 1, the effective rates at 8 weeks, 16 weeks, and 24 weeks were 63%, 62%, and 51%, respectively, and the effective rates in group 2 were 68%, 67%, and 53% respectively. The treatment effect was not significantly different between any sub-group pair (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSLong pulse Nd:YAG 1064-nm laser was effective for onychomycosis. It is a simple and effective method without significant complications or side effects and is expected to become an alternative or replacement therapy for onychomycosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Onychomycosis ; surgery ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDTo evaluate the safety of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with epididymal or testicular sperm, this study compared children born after ICSI treatment with epididymal or testicular sperm with children conceived after ICSI with ejaculated sperm.

METHODSThis retrospective study included 317 children born after ICSI with percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA), 103 children born after ICSI with testicular sperm aspiration (TESA), and a control group of 1008 children born after ICSI with ejaculated sperm. All of the patients received their assisted reproductive treatment in the Reproductive Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2004 to December 2011. Data, such as the rate of stillbirths, perinatal mortality, gestational age, birth weight, and the rate of congenital malformations of the three groups, were compared.

RESULTSPESA and TESA children were not different from ICSI children in the rate of stillbirths, perinatal mortality, infant mortality rate, gestational age, the rate of prematurity, and the rate of malformations (P > 0.05). A slight increase in birth defects was reported in the TESA group compared with those in the control group, but there was no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONICSI with epididymal or testicular sperm does not lead to more stillbirths or congenital malformations compared with ICSI using ejaculated sperm.

Adult ; Congenital Abnormalities ; epidemiology ; Epididymis ; Female ; Fetal Death ; epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

Objective To analyze the impacts of bureaucracy management at tertiary public hospitals in Beijing on exchange modes and trust between doctors and patients, using both the bureaucracy theory and trust theory. To study the role of such management as an organizational structure for hospital operation and service, in the transition of doctor-patient trust from traditional special trust to a universal trust based on bureaucracy structure and specialized job division. Methods The purpose sampling method was used to select 94 hospital administrators, medical staff, and patients from six tertiary hospitals for a field survey. Results Bureaucracy at public tertiary hospitals keeps improving, and its systematic and refined organizational structure is changing the exchanges between doctors and patients, earmarking universal trust of the fundamental type of doctor-patient trust, aided by special trust. Rules and regulations of bureaucracy normalize medical services, and specialization enables medical workers in their clinical work against difficult and severe diseases, winning both reputation and patient trust as well. However, the specialized, professional and dehumanized characteristic of bureaucracy tend to encourage doctors to attend to diseases than patients, and separate links in medical services to decrease doctor-patient trust in the meantime. Conclusions Bureaucracy is a necessary organizational form of urban public hospitals, but it should strengthen their humanity feature and improve their communication with patients with rules and regulations. At the same time, with the use of integrated medical mode in clinical practice, bureaucracy could be improved to benefit patients and enhance trust of patients.

After an overall introduction of the novel functions of the CMCI institutional knowledge version developed by Medical Library of Chinese PLA , its coverage of institutions, authors, funds, journals and literature was de-scribed in terms of RDE semantics.The contents in literature were mined and analyzed in depth based on the litera-ture-marked information with the institutions database, funds database, journals database and literature database as their cores, the association of information resources in biomedical field was thus realized.The CMCI institutional knowledge version can be used to search published papers and citations, write citation reports, enforce bibliometric visualization analysis, issue different top-ranked statistical data, push associated information, increase institutional literature management modules, and provide personal literature management and assessment service for different in-stitutions.

OBJECTIVETo compare the consistency of root canal configuration types of mandibular first premolar by using micro-CT and radio visio graphy (RVG).

METHODSOne hundred extracted mandibular first premolars with complete dental root and apex which received no endodontic treatment were randomly selected. Each tooth was radiographed with RVG through a buccolingual and mesiodistal direction, and then scanned with micro-CT and reconstructed. The classifications of the root canal types according to Vertucci's type with the two methods were compared.

RESULTSThe canal patterns were classified as type I (67%), type III (3%), type V (18%), type VII (2%), additional type (10%) with micro-CT and canal patterns as type I (71%), type III (2%), type V (23%), type VII (1%), additional type (3%) with RVG. 63% of teeth showed one canal in both micro-CT and RVG. Only 25% of teeth were diagnosed as complex canal by the same canal type in both micro-CT and RVG. The Kappa value between micro-CT and RVG was 0.541 which suggested that the two kinds of methods had intermediate consistency. 82.8% of the premolars with root groove had two or more than two canals.

CONCLUSIONAlthough RVG can basically reflect the root canal system type of the mandibular first premolars in vitro, it offers poor accuracy images to complex root canals. Micro-CT three-dimensional images could clearly and precisely display the root canal system morphology of the mandibular first pre-molars in vitro.

Bicuspid ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Humans ; Mandible ; Molar ; Root Canal Therapy ; Tooth Root ; X-Ray Microtomography