Evaluation of the permeability mainly focuses on intestinal absorption in biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). It is more complicated that the absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) compared with single component environment, which needs suitable mathematical models to be described. Therefore, with full consideration of existing single component mathematical algorithm combining with the characteristics of intestinal absorption and metabolism, we explored and designed a new mathematical algorithm of intestinal absorption and metabolism of multicomponent drug. Then we put forward a new coefficient, P (influence), the relative change rate of the single component's intestinal absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment compared with single component environment, which described the influences of intestinal absorption and metabolism of the component under multicomponent environment. Moreover, P (influence) highlights the distinctive characteristics of multicomponent drug's intestinal absorption and metabolism, and lays the foundation for the construction of CMMBCS.
Algorithms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Models, Theoretical ; Solubility

Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; pathology ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

Background Clinical and genetic heterogeneity of congenital cataract is well substantiated.Researchers often identify disease loci by linkage analysis and screen candidate gene by direct sequencing.Objective This study was to localize and identify the disease-causing genes for two Chinese families with congenital coralliform cataracts.Methods Two Chinese families(CC1 and CC2) with autosomal dominant inheritance congenital coralliform cataracts were ascertained and patients in the families underwent ophthalmological examination.Periphery blood samples were collected and DNA was extracted from 17 subjects including 11 cataract patients and 4 phenotype normal and 2 spouses.A linkage scan of genomic regions containing 25 known candidate genes was performed using 50 polymorphic microsatellite markers on genomic DNA from affected and unaffected family members and LOD scores were calculated.Candidate genes were sequenced and mutations were analyzed.Three single nucleotyde polymorphisms(SNP)(rs2305429,rs2305430,rs2242074) were sequenced and genotyped for the detect of the possibility of a common origin between CC1 and CC2.This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by Ethic Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital.The informed consent was obtained from subjects and their guardian before the protocol.Results A significant LOD score of 3.28(θ=0) in family CC1 and a maximum LOD score of 1.50(θ=0) in family CC2 were both produced at the microsatellite marker D2S325 linked with CRYGD gene.Sequencing of CRYGD gene showed a heterozygous single base pair change c.70C＞A in exon2,predicting to result in a P23T amino acid change.The haplotypes of two probands in their respective families was quite distinct.Conclusion These results indicate that c.C70A(p.P23T) mutation in CRYGD gene is the underlyingmolecular pathogenesis of the two families with congenital coralliform cataracts,and this mutation occurs independently in these two families rather than descending from a common ancestor.

Objective To detect the expression of Beclin1 and Bcl2 in invasive pituitary adenomas and to explore the relationship of Beclin1 and Bci2 in invasive pituitary adenomas and the relativity between the 2 genes.Methods 61 specimens were classified into invasive group (32 cases) and non-invasive group (29 cases) according to the comprehensive evaluation of invasive pituitary adenomas.lmmunofluorescence analysis and RT-PCR were adopted respectively to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of Beclinl and Bcl2.The difference and relativity of Beclin1 and Bcl2 expression in invasive group and non-invasive group were analyzed.Results 32 specimens of pituitary adenoma were invasive and 29 were non-invasive.Beclin1 protein and mRNA expressions were lower in the invasive group than in the non-invasive group (P ＜0.01 ).Bcl2 protein and mRNA expressions were higher in the invasive group than in the non-invasive group (P ＜0.01 ).Pearson related analysis showed that Beclin1 mRNA expression was negtively correlated with Bcl2 mRNA expression in the invasive group ( r =-0.42,P =0.028 ).Conclusions Beclinl expression is decreased in invasive pituitary adenomas.The invasiveness of pituitary adenoma is closely related to the high expression of Bcl2 protein and mRNA,and the low expression of Beclin1 protein and mRNA.The inhibition of the autophagy may lead to the enhancement of the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas and that inhibition may come from the interaction of Beclin1 and Bcl2.

Objective - To establish a new non exposed intratracheal instillation method for establishing a rat silicosis model. Methods ， The specific pathogen free SD rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group with ten rats in ， each group. Rats in the control group were given 1.0 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution and rats in the experimental group - were given 1.0 mL of silica suspension with a mass concentration of 50 g/L adopting to the one time intratracheal instillation ， - ， method and then followed by ventilator assisted ventilation immediately. When the tidal volume stabilized at 2.0 mL the ventilator was removed and the tracheal intubation was pulled out. Five rats in each group were sacrificed after two and four ， - Results weeks after modeling and hematoxylin eosin staining and Masson staining of lung tissue were performed. There was ， ， no death in the two groups of rats during the experiment. After two and four weeks the control group had normal lung structure ， ， ， normal alveolar cavity size no inflammatory cell infiltration thin alveolar wall only a small amount of collagen distribution ， around the lung interstitium and bronchus. At the second week of modeling the alveolar wall of the rats in the experimental ， ， ， group was slightly thickened interstitial lymphocytes and macrophages were infiltrated slight hyperplasia was found and a ， small amount of fibroblasts were visible. At the 4th week of modeling the alveolar wall of the rats in the experimental group was ， ， ， ， significantly thickened fibrous nodules were formed and fibroblasts fibrocytes collagen fibers were significantly increased. Conclusion - The combination of ventilator and non exposed intratracheal instillation method can be used to successfully ， ， . establish a rat silicosis model which is simple safe and effective

Objective:To discuss the effect of remnant cholesterol (RC) levels on carotid intima thickness (CIT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by ultra-high frequency ultrasound.Methods:A total of 60 patients with T2DM who received treatment in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from May 2021 to July 2022 were prospectively recruited, and they were divided into a higher RC group (31 cases) and a lower RC group (29 cases) according to the RC levels. Thirty-one age, sex and body mass index(BMI)-matched healthy volunteers were selected as control group. Carotid CIT, carotid media thickness(CMT) and intima-media thickness(CIMT) were measured by 24 MHz ultra-high frequency ultrasound probe. The difference of general clinical data, laboratory indicators and CIMT, CIT, CMT among the three groups were compared, and the influencing factors of CIT in T2DM patients were explored by multivariate regression analysis.Results:①There were no statistical significances in gender, age, BMI, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and CMT among the three groups (all P>0.05). There were no statistical significances in duration of diabetes, fasting blood-glucose and glycated haemoglobin between the two subgroups of T2DM (all P>0.05). ②Compared with the control group, CIMT and CIT were thicker in the T2DM group (both P<0.05). ③CIT was thicker in the higher RC group than in the lower RC group ( P<0.05), while the difference of CIMT was not statistically significant the two groups ( P>0.05). ④Multivariate regression analysis showed that RC was the influence factor of CIT in patients with T2DM(β=0.610, P=0.005). Conclusions:CIT is significantly thicker in T2DM patients with higher RC than in those with lower RC, and RC is the influence factor of CIT, which suggests that more attention should be paid to the detection of RC in T2DM patients.

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of four constituents in Yangxin Dingji Capsules (a cardiac tonic for palpitation,containing Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle,Cinnamomi Ramulus,Rehmanniae Radix,etc.).METHODS The analysis of 50％ methanol extract of Yangxin Dingji Capsules was performed on a 40 ℃ thermostatic Diamonsil C1s column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.1％ formic acid-acetonitrile flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 265 nm.RESULTS Liquiritin,glycyrrhizic acid,cinnamic acid and cinnamic aldehyde showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 1.00-80.24 μg/mL (r=0.999 0),2.52-100.70 μg/mL (r--0.999 7),0.50-40.40 μg/mL (r =1.000 0) and 0.66-52.96 μg/mL (r =1.000 0),whose average recoveries were 97.74％,100.97％,101.48％ and 99.49％ with the RSDs of 0.45％,1.11％,1.27％ and 1.66％,respectively.CONCLUSION This simple,accurate and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Yangxin Dingji Capsules.

Objective To investigate the impact of obesity on incidence of obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) in hospitalized hypertensive patients.Methods A total of 825 hospitalized hypertensive patients from April 1 to June 30 in 2009 in our hospital were included.Patients were asked to answer the questions concerning snoring,daytime sleepiness. Patients with loud snoring and daytime sleepiness,tubbiness neck,retrognathia,enlarged tongue,orolingual cyanosis were selected to undergo polysomnography monitoring for a whole night.OSAHS is defined by clinical symptoms and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) not less than 5 per hour.Results (1) The detection rate of OSAHS in this cohort was 23.52％ (178/825),34.34％ ( 148/431 ) in males and 11.68％ (46/394) in females respectively.(2) The detection rate was 6.6％ (12/183) in normal weight subjects,22.22％ (78/351) in overweight subjects and 36.75％ (104/283) in obesity subjects ( x2 =56.736,P ＜0.01 ).The severe OSAHS rate in obesity group ( 16.61％ ) was significantly higher than that in normal weight group (2.19％ ) and overweight group (7.69％,x2 =29.219,P＜0.01). (3) The OSAHS rate was 7.83％ (9/115) in normal waist circumference group and 26.29％ (184/700) in centricity obesity group ( x2 =18.623,P ＜ 0.01 ).The severe OSAHS rate was 2.61％ (3/115) in normal waist circumference group and 10.57％ (74/700) in centricity obesity (x2 =7.32,P ＜0.01 ).(4) The moderate to severe OSAHS rate increased in proportion with BMI increase in female patients ( x2 =5.846,P ＜ 0.05) and increased in proportion with BMI and waist circumference increase in male patients ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The incidence of OSAHS in hypertensive patients is high.Obesity further increases the morbidity of OSAHS in hypertensive patients.

Objective To study the effect of pre-hospital and in-hospital integrated rescuing pathway on group injury treatment in high-altitude areas.Methods According to pre-hospital and in-hospital integrated rescuing pathway,24 cases of group wounded were treated with field evaluation,triage category,emergency care measures,specialist nursing,monitoring during transfer,in-hospital first aid,processing during and after operation,and effect of clinical treatment.Results There were 7 cases of combined injury,12 cases of debridement surgery and 5 cases of damage control surgery in this group,with the successful rate of 100％.Conclusions rofessional pre-hospital and in-hospital integrated rescuing pathway in high-altitude areas can provide ordered rescuing for group wounded and shorten the time without treatment,which is an important measure to ensure fast and efficient treatment and to improve the quality of nursing.

To investigate the activity of CKLF1 on the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow cells. Methods Human low density bone marrow cells and mouse bone marrow cells were plated in 96-well microplate and supernatants from transfected COS-7 cell culture were added. The cell proliferation was assayed by MTT method after 5 days incubation. The enhancing effect of CKLF1 on the colony forma tion of human hematopoietic progenitor cells was identified in semi-solid culture. Results CKLF1 has obvi ous enhancing effect on both human and mouse bone marrow cells, it can stimulate the colony formation of human hematopoietic stem cells and has synergistic action with GM-CSF. Conclusion CKLF1 can pro mote the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow cells.