Blindness ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Vision, Low ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control

Objective:To investigate the correlation between lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), musculoskeletal perfusion andmuscle mass.Methods:From May 2019 to August 2020, totally 91 patients who applied for CT perfusion (CTP) examination of abdomen (the scan range included the vertebral body of L1－L3) in Shanghai Tenth People′s Hospital of Tongji University were retrospectively analyzed. The mean BMD of L1－L3 vertebral body was measured by quantitative CT (QCT) at the same time of CT plain scan. According to BMD, the subjects were divided into normal BMD group ( n=33), osteopenia group ( n=41) and osteoporosis (OP) group ( n=17). The L3 level perivertebral muscle mass index and fat fraction were calculated based on QCT examination. The lumbar vertebral and perivertebral muscle perfusion parameters were measured based on CTP images. The parameters of QCT and CTP among three groups were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis H test or one-way ANOVA. The correlation analysis was conducted between these parameters using Pearson or Spearman analysis. Results:The differences of the perivertebral muscle mass index and fat fraction among three groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The differences of the lumbar vertebral perfusion parameters including blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV) and flow extraction product (FE) among three groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05), and BF, BV and FE were positively correlated with BMD ( r=0.444, 0.312 and 0.266 respectively, all P<0.05; adjusted for age and gender r=0.437, 0.340 and 0.337 respectively, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in perivertebral muscle perfusion parameters among three groups ( P>0.05). Perivertebral muscle mass index was negatively correlated with fat fraction ( r=-0.599, P<0.001; adjusted for age and gender r=-0.404, P<0.001), and there was no correlation between perivertebral muscle mass index and muscle perfusion parameters, as well as perivertebral muscle fat fraction and muscle perfusion parameters. Conclusions:With the changes of BMD, bone mass and perivertebral muscle mass at L3 level are synchronous. Decreased vertebral bone mass is accompanied with reduced perivertebral muscle mass, increased muscle fat and decreased bone perfusion. The changes of vertebral perfusion and perivertebral muscle perfusion at L3 level are asynchronous, which implies that reduced perfusion in OP patients may be confined to the bone.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To observe the effect of high glucose on the protein expression of calreticulin ( CRT) and its association with cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in the cardiomyocytes.METHODS: AC-16 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into normal glucose group, high glucose group, high glucose+CRT siRNA group and isotonic con-trol group.The cell apoptotic rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential level, respiratory enzyme activity, and protein expression of CRT were observed.RESULTS: Compared with the cardiomyocytes in normal glucose group, the apoptotic rate and ROS production of cardiomyocytes increased in high glucose group, accompanying with the decreases in the mitochondrial membrane potential level and enzyme activitiy of the respiratory chain.The protein expression of CRT was significantly increased in high glucose group.However, compared with high glucose group, high glucose+CRT siRNA decreased the expression of CRT and attenuated the damage of mitochondria, but CRT siRNA did not reduce the ROS level in cardiomyocytes.CONCLUSION:High glucose brings about CRT over-expression to induce mito-chondrial injury, thus increasing myocardial apoptosis.

Objective To explore the changes of cardiac structure and function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)rats so as to detect the level of angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ)in blood and the myocardium and illuminate the role of AngⅡ in DCM.Methods We randomly divided 30 SD rats into control group and DCM group (which received a single injection of streptozotocin,65 mg/kg).The changes of cardiac structure and function were observed by ultrasonic cardiogram at the end of 16 weeks after injection.Then the changes in the myocardium were also analyzed by using hemotoxylin and eosin staining and Sirius red staining.The level of AngⅡ in blood was tested by radioimmunoassay.The expression of AngⅡ in the myocardium was detected by immunofluorescence. Results Compared with those of the controls,the hearts were dilated in DCM rats accompanied with cardiac dysfunction.There were significant increases in LVEDd,LVESd,LVEDv,and LVESv but decrease in LVEF (P <0.05).There were arrangement disorder and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes in DCM.Then the fibrosis area of DCM was significantly increased compared with that of the controls.The level of AngⅡ in blood and myocardium was significantly higher in DCM than in controls.At the same time,Pearson analysis revealed that the level of AngⅡ in blood was positively related to the collagen content of myocardium (r =0.907,P <0.05).Conclusion Our study provides experimental evidence that AngⅡ plays an important role in myocardial fibrosis of DCM.

By observations of the features of ultrastructure changes in the tissue engineered artificial tendon of vitreous cryopreservation, we investigated the repairing effect of tendon after an in-vivo implantation and hence we provided an important theoretical and experimental basis for the vitreous cryopreservation and application of tissue engineered artificial tendon. After vitreous cryopreservation, the implantation materials of tissue engineered artificial tendon dynamically constructed in vitro were implanted in rats for reparation of the tendon defect. A scanning electron microscope was used. At the 2nd week, the materials presented a reticular formation and there were juvenile tendon cells among materials. At the 6th week, materials were already degraded and absorbed, and then were substituted by neonatal tendon cells and collagen fibers. At the 8th week, dense tendon tissues containing uniform tendon cells and collagen fibers were found already formed; the density of collagen fibers significantly increased with time. Using a transmission electron microscope at the 2nd week, we found active proliferation of tendon cells; most of them were immature cells with a complete nuclear membrane, clear nucleolus and little collagen fibers. At the 6th week, tendon cells were more mature with a little-sized, deep-stained nucleolus surrounded by plenty of collagen fibers with complete fiber structure and clear cross striation. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Using an electron microscope, we found a very good agreement in observation of the tissue engineered artificial tendon after the in-vivo implantation in two groups. Neonatal tendon cells and collagen fiber tissues grew well and are in a similar form and order when compared versus normal tendon tissues. This proved that vitreous cryopreservation has no significant influence on the function of tendon cells. The neonatal tissue-engineered tendon exerts good function of growth and repair.
Achilles Tendon ; injuries ; surgery ; ultrastructure ; Animals ; Cryopreservation ; Female ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tendons ; cytology ; transplantation ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Preservation ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Vitrification

Heuristic teaching is propitious to cultivating students' ideation. We have used different heuristic modes for example problems, stories, contrast, associationin and so on to cultivate medical students' ideation in pathobiology and immunology teaching and acquired good effect.

Animals ; Biological Warfare ; Burns ; pathology ; Burns, Chemical ; pathology ; Chemical Warfare ; China ; Humans ; Military Medicine ; Radiation Injuries ; pathology ; Wounds, Gunshot ; pathology

Aim To investigate the changes of serum metabolism after the treatment of DOA and DOO on myocardial ischemia reperfusion ( MI/R ) injury in rats, and to explore the pathogenesis of MI/R injury and drug action mechanism. Method The serum samples of Sham group, Model group, DOA group and DOO group of rats were acquired, gas phase time of flight mass spectrometry ( GC-TOF-MS) was applied to analyze the metabolic profiles of the samples. After da-ta preprocessing, they were processed into SIMCA 14. 1 software for multivariate statistical analysis. Results By principal components analysis ( PCA ) , partial least squares analysis ( PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares analysis ( OPLS-DA ) , the Model group and Sham group were obviously separated, the drug in-tervention group and Model group were separated and close to Sham group. The therapeutic effect of DOO and DOA on MI/R injury in rats was proved. The ex-perimental results identified 13 endogenous biomark-ers, which were related to the glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathway. Con-clusion DOA and DOO may protect the MI/R injured rats by regulating the glucose metabolism, lipid metab-olism and amino acid metabolism pathway.

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between urinary tract infection(UTI) and urological surgical site infections(SSI).METHODS The surgical site infections of 115 patients underwent urological operations were observed.Patients were screened for the presence of UTI before the operation and subcutaneous swabs for culture were collected at the end of the operation by brushing with a sterile cotton-swab just before skin closure.The resistance and similarity of the isolates were analyzed by antimicrobial susceptibility test and pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).RESULTS Surgical site infection occurred in 14 of 115 patients.The isolates from infected surgical sites showed higher resistance to antimicrobial agents than those from non-infected surgical sites(P

Objective To evaluate the injury of unilateral testicular torsion on the contralateral testes with contrast-enhanced ultrasound.Methods Twenty-eight male rabbits were enrolled in this study.They were randomly divided into the control group,the detorsion after 3 hours group,the detorsion after 6 hours group,the detorsion after 24 hours group and the permanent torsion group.There were 8 rabbits in the control group,and 5 rabbits in each of the other groups.Just before torsion,immediately after torsion,just before detorsion,immediately after detorsion,and delay(6-12 hours after detorsion.the permanent torsion group was also at the corresponding time),contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used to observe the perfusion of contralateral testes.The control group was also performed contrast-enhanced ultrasound just before the shame operation and immediately after that.The time-intensity curves were draw according to the contrastenhanced ultrasound images.The parameters including arrival time(AT),time to peak intensity(TTP),peak intensity(PI),half time of descending peak intensity(HT)were yielded automatically,and the changes of them were analyzed.Results①There was no significance of enhancement AT,TTP,PI,and HT between pre-operation and post-operation in the control group(P＞0.05).②When the parameters of immediately after torsion compared with those of before torsion in the groups of torsion,the perfusion was increased significantly displaying by PI increasing(P＜0.05).③The longer time the duration of unilateral testicular torsion,the more obviously the perfusion of the contralateral testes increased.Conclusions The timeintensity curve of contrast-enhanced ultrasound is valuable in assessing of the injury of unilateral testicular torsion on the contralateral testis.